WO1981000304A1 - Procede et appareil d'indication de la presence de substances qui, dans une reaction chimique, produisent ou consomment des gaz - Google Patents
Procede et appareil d'indication de la presence de substances qui, dans une reaction chimique, produisent ou consomment des gaz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1981000304A1 WO1981000304A1 PCT/SE1980/000193 SE8000193W WO8100304A1 WO 1981000304 A1 WO1981000304 A1 WO 1981000304A1 SE 8000193 W SE8000193 W SE 8000193W WO 8100304 A1 WO8100304 A1 WO 8100304A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- detector
- reaction
- recited
- detectable
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/18—Apparatus specially designed for the use of free, immobilized or carrier-bound enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/32—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of substances in solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/34—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/26—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
- C12Q1/32—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase involving dehydrogenase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/58—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving urea or urease
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
- G01N2333/914—Hydrolases (3)
- G01N2333/978—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- G01N2333/98—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5) acting on amide bonds in linear amides (3.5.1)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
- G01N2333/914—Hydrolases (3)
- G01N2333/978—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- G01N2333/986—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5) acting on amide bonds in cyclic amides (3.5.2), e.g. beta-lactamase (penicillinase, 3.5.2.6), creatinine amidohydrolase (creatininase, EC 3.5.2.10), N-methylhydantoinase (3.5.2.6)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for indicating the presence of substances which, in a chemical reaction, generate or consume detectable gas.
- an ion-selective elec ⁇ trode in combination with a gas-permeable membrane can be used for measuring the amount of ammonia which is generated in certain enzymatic reactions. In this case, the electrode is kept in a buffer solution.
- an apparatus having an ion-selective elec ⁇ trode placed above a thin air gap in a reaction vessel may be used. In these prior art cases, the concentra ⁇ tion of a certain ion is measured, and not the generated gas itself. These prior art methods are not particularly sensitive or rapid, and they restrict the number of gases or reactions which can be studied.
- those substances whose presence is to be indicated are caused to react for the generation or consumption of detectable gas, whereafter the detectable gas, if such is present, is caused to pass a gas detector which is selectively responsive to the detectable gas.
- This measurement method is not electrochemical, but is characterized in that the generated (or rest of the consumed) gas is detected by means of a catalytically active detector in the gas phase.
- the present invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the novel method.
- This apparatus comprises a reaction vessel and a gas detector disposed in conjunction therewith, the detector being sensitive to the detectable gas.
- an enzyme is caused to act on a carrier for the enzyme, a gas, such as, for example, hydrogen, ammonia or hydrogen sulfide, bein generated.
- a gas such as, for example, hydrogen, ammonia or hydrogen sulfide
- This gas is then caused to pass a detector which is sensitive precisely to the gas in question.
- Suitable gas detectors are so-called Pd-MOS-structures which are responsive to hydrogen-containing gases, but other gas detectors may also be used, such as for example a (warm) platinum thread, a semiconducting metal oxide (ZnO, Sn0 2 etc) , or an oscillating piezoelectric crystal.
- H 2 9 2 can also be detected by means of the apparatus according to the present invention.
- the method andapparatus according to the present invention may be applied to a semiconductor sensor based on silicon, the current strength of the sensor changing in the presence of, for example, ammonia
- a carrier gas i.e. air
- This is particularly favorable when the invention is used to indicate the consumption of a gas in a reaction. In such an instance, a minor amount of the gas which is being consumed is introduced into a carrier gas which, after the reaction, is caused to pass the detector which then determines the amount of remaining reacting gas in the carrier gas.
- the gas detector may be disposed directly above the surface of a solution in which, for example, enzyme and carrier are allowed to react. The detector then responds to the gas which is released in the enzymatic reaction and is dissipated out into the air gap above the solution.
- an immobilized enzyme is caused to react on a carrier in a through flow cell, in which the detector is disposed in an air gap above the liquid flow.
- an immobilized enzyme may be disposed closely.adjacent the detector, for example by being chemically coupled to the detector.
- the apparatus and the method according to the present invention may apart from in enzymatic reactions, also be used in reactions in which are included micro ⁇ organisms which generate or consume gases. Of particular interest in this context are microorganisms which develop hydrogen gas and methane gas.
- microorganisms which develop hydrogen gas and methane gas.
- FIG. 1-3 show three different embodiments of the apparatus according to the present invention, also called an enzyme transistor ?
- Fig 4A and B schematically show illustrations of hydrogen-sensitive detectors
- Fig 5 shows a calibrating diagram for ammonia obtained with a detector according to Fig 4
- Fig 6 shows a curve of the response of the detector to a reaction in which urea is hydrolized by means of urease;
- Fig 7 illustrates the hydrogen gas production from 5 Clostridium aceto butylicum as a function of time.
- Fig 8 shows a standard curve for NADH
- Fig 9 shows a standard curve for NAD .
- Fig 1 illustrates an apparatus comprising a gas-sensitive detector disposed above the 10 surface of a solution in which an enzyme and a carrier- therefor are located.
- the detector responds to the gas which is released in the enzymatic reaction and which is diffused out into the air gap above the solutio
- Fig 2 shows an apparatus in which a carrier gas is 15 allowed to pass a solution with reactants, whereafter the carrier gas, entraining gas from the reaction, passes a gas detector.
- This apparatus is also suitable for use when it is desirable to study a gas-consuming reaction, a minor amount of the gas which is to react 20 being introduced into the carrier gas. The amount of remaining gas in the carrier gas is thereafter measured by the gas detector.
- Fig 3 illustrates a through-flow cell for reaction between an immobilized enzyme and a carrier in which 25 the detector is disposed above the liquid flow in some part of the cell.
- OMPI -structure These hydrogen-sensitive Pd-MOS-structures have been described, int al, in Swedish patent specifi ⁇ cation 7411342-4.
- Fig 4 schematically illustrates two embodiments of these structures.
- hydrogen-containing gases H-, H 3 , H 2 S etc
- Fig. 4B a shift of the current-voltage curve along the voltage axis.
- This shift which may be of the order of magnitude of 0.5 V, may readily be measured.
- This type of detector has a response, shown in Fig. 5, to ammonia, which has been generated by the reaction between NH.C1 and NaOH in an apparatus according to Fig. 1.
- Fig 6 -structure in an apparatus according to Fig 1, is shown in Fig 6.
- the slope of the curve (the broken line in Fig 6) may be used to determine the amount of urea which was present in the measurement cell. This slope is unambiguously determined by the urea concentration. Urea concentrations of as little as 0.1 mM may easily be determined in this manner.
- the signal from a Pd-MOS-structure was compared with the signal from an enzyme transistor in which the Pd-MOS-structure was used as a gas sensor in an apparatus according to Fig 3.
- the reaction which was studied was deimination of creatinine by means of immobilized creatininase.
- the correlation between the signals from the enzyme transistor and the gas detector was very good.
- Fig 8 illustrates a standard curve for NADH, in which 2.5 ml samples of varying concentrations were introduced into the buffer flow.
- the tower contained immobilized hydrogen dehydrogenase of a volume of 1 ml.
- the amount of generated hydrogen gas is expressed as ppm in the carrier gas.
- Fig 9 illustrates a standard curve for NAD , in which 2.5 ml samples of varying concentrations were introduced into the buffer flow.
- the tower contained immobilized hydrogen dehydrogenase of a volume of 1 ml.
- the amount of hydrogen gas present in the buffer corres ⁇ ponds to 100 ppm in the carrier gas flow.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Procede d'indication de la presence d'un gaz detectable dans des reactions de production de gaz ou de consommation de gaz, en utilisant un dispositif semi-conducteur revetu de palladium, sensible a l'hydrogene et a l'ammoniac (Pd-MOSFET). Les mesures sont effectuees dans la phase gazeuse dans un detecteur de gaz qui est dispose en association avec le recipient de reaction dans lequel la reaction a etudier se deroule. Une etude particuliere a ete faite sur les reactions enzymatiques dans lesquelles de l'hydrogene et/ou de l'ammoniac sont produits par l'action de l'enzyme urease sur l'uree et de la creatininase sur la creatinine.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7906351 | 1979-07-24 | ||
SE7908351 | 1979-07-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1981000304A1 true WO1981000304A1 (fr) | 1981-02-05 |
Family
ID=20338544
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1980/000193 WO1981000304A1 (fr) | 1979-07-24 | 1980-07-23 | Procede et appareil d'indication de la presence de substances qui, dans une reaction chimique, produisent ou consomment des gaz |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0044298A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1981000304A1 (fr) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0168200A2 (fr) * | 1984-07-04 | 1986-01-15 | THORN EMI Patents Limited | Capteur de gaz |
EP0446972A2 (fr) * | 1990-02-15 | 1991-09-18 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Appareil et procédé pour la détection de micro-organismes |
US5162229A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1992-11-10 | Akzo N.V. | Device and method for enhanced recovery and detection of microbial growth in the presence of antimicrobial substances |
US5164796A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1992-11-17 | Akzo N.V. | Apparatus and method for detection of microorganisms |
US5217876A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1993-06-08 | Akzo N.V. | Method for detecting microorganisms |
US5518895A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1996-05-21 | Akzo N.V. | Device for detecting microorganisms using piezoelectric means |
US5858769A (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1999-01-12 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Device for detecting microorganisms |
EP0966045A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-12-22 | Micronas Intermetall GmbH | Procédé de fabrication pour un dispositif semiconducteur avec métallisation structurée |
CN107064483A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-18 | 上海健康医学院 | 一种血清中尿素氮肌酐双项快速测定方法 |
US10525410B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2020-01-07 | Stephen R. Temple | Methods and equipment for treatment of odorous gas steams |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2967764A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1961-01-10 | Technicon Instr | Apparatus for analysis and other processing of fluids |
US3111390A (en) * | 1959-06-30 | 1963-11-19 | Fisher Scientific Co | Apparatus for blood gas analysis |
CH435802A (de) * | 1963-08-27 | 1967-05-15 | Technicon Instr | Gerät zur quantitativen Analyse von Flüssigkeitsproben auf einen in ihnen enthaltenen verdampfbaren Bestandteil |
SE321369B (fr) * | 1964-08-12 | 1970-03-02 | Technicon Instr | |
US3926734A (en) * | 1973-12-21 | 1975-12-16 | Owens Illinois Inc | Urea analysis |
US3948731A (en) * | 1974-10-24 | 1976-04-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for measuring reactant concentrations and quantities |
US3958942A (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1976-05-25 | Evgeny Mikhailovich Brazhnikov | Analyzer for determination of double bonds |
SE390068B (sv) * | 1972-10-11 | 1976-11-29 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Reaktionskammaranordning for testremsor |
US4020830A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1977-05-03 | The University Of Utah | Selective chemical sensitive FET transducers |
US4030979A (en) * | 1975-12-10 | 1977-06-21 | Walter H. Zuber, Jr. | Method of detecting hydrogen-producing bacteria |
-
1980
- 1980-07-23 WO PCT/SE1980/000193 patent/WO1981000304A1/fr unknown
- 1980-07-23 EP EP19800901466 patent/EP0044298A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2967764A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1961-01-10 | Technicon Instr | Apparatus for analysis and other processing of fluids |
US3111390A (en) * | 1959-06-30 | 1963-11-19 | Fisher Scientific Co | Apparatus for blood gas analysis |
CH435802A (de) * | 1963-08-27 | 1967-05-15 | Technicon Instr | Gerät zur quantitativen Analyse von Flüssigkeitsproben auf einen in ihnen enthaltenen verdampfbaren Bestandteil |
SE321369B (fr) * | 1964-08-12 | 1970-03-02 | Technicon Instr | |
SE390068B (sv) * | 1972-10-11 | 1976-11-29 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Reaktionskammaranordning for testremsor |
US3926734A (en) * | 1973-12-21 | 1975-12-16 | Owens Illinois Inc | Urea analysis |
US3958942A (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1976-05-25 | Evgeny Mikhailovich Brazhnikov | Analyzer for determination of double bonds |
US3948731A (en) * | 1974-10-24 | 1976-04-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for measuring reactant concentrations and quantities |
US4020830A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1977-05-03 | The University Of Utah | Selective chemical sensitive FET transducers |
US4020830B1 (fr) * | 1975-03-12 | 1984-09-04 | ||
US4030979A (en) * | 1975-12-10 | 1977-06-21 | Walter H. Zuber, Jr. | Method of detecting hydrogen-producing bacteria |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Biomedical Applications of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins, Ed. Chang T.M.S. Vol. 2 published 1977, p 207-28, weaver J.C."Possible Biomedical Applications of the volatile Enzyme product method" * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0168200A3 (en) * | 1984-07-04 | 1987-08-12 | Emi Limited | Gas sensor |
EP0168200A2 (fr) * | 1984-07-04 | 1986-01-15 | THORN EMI Patents Limited | Capteur de gaz |
US5217876A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1993-06-08 | Akzo N.V. | Method for detecting microorganisms |
US5856175A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1999-01-05 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Device for detecting microorganisms |
US5162229A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1992-11-10 | Akzo N.V. | Device and method for enhanced recovery and detection of microbial growth in the presence of antimicrobial substances |
US5164796A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1992-11-17 | Akzo N.V. | Apparatus and method for detection of microorganisms |
US5858769A (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1999-01-12 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Device for detecting microorganisms |
US5518895A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1996-05-21 | Akzo N.V. | Device for detecting microorganisms using piezoelectric means |
EP0446972A3 (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1992-06-03 | Akzo N.V. | Device and methods for detecting microorganisms |
EP0446972A2 (fr) * | 1990-02-15 | 1991-09-18 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Appareil et procédé pour la détection de micro-organismes |
EP0966045A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-12-22 | Micronas Intermetall GmbH | Procédé de fabrication pour un dispositif semiconducteur avec métallisation structurée |
US10525410B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2020-01-07 | Stephen R. Temple | Methods and equipment for treatment of odorous gas steams |
CN107064483A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-18 | 上海健康医学院 | 一种血清中尿素氮肌酐双项快速测定方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0044298A1 (fr) | 1982-01-27 |
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