WO1980002178A1 - Process for the purification of a diesel engine exhaust gas and for the utilization of its heat,engine used for driving a heat pump heating device - Google Patents

Process for the purification of a diesel engine exhaust gas and for the utilization of its heat,engine used for driving a heat pump heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1980002178A1
WO1980002178A1 PCT/DE1979/000037 DE7900037W WO8002178A1 WO 1980002178 A1 WO1980002178 A1 WO 1980002178A1 DE 7900037 W DE7900037 W DE 7900037W WO 8002178 A1 WO8002178 A1 WO 8002178A1
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Prior art keywords
heat
exhaust gases
engine
heat pump
engine exhaust
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PCT/DE1979/000037
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
H Crede
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H Crede
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/DE1979/000037 priority Critical patent/WO1980002178A1/en
Publication of WO1980002178A1 publication Critical patent/WO1980002178A1/en
Priority to EP79900427A priority patent/EP0026172A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F01N3/043—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2280/00—Output delivery
    • F02G2280/60—Heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • a circular process known as a "heat pump” is available for obtaining heat from surrounding heat sources. Thereafter, a refrigerant which has been brought to a low temperature by adiabatic relaxation is brought into heat exchange with the surrounding heat source. The heated refrigerant is brought to a higher temperature level by compression by means of a compressor, whereupon it gives off heat to a heating circuit while being liquefied in a heat exchanger. Work must be done to drive the compressor. This can be done using an electric motor, for example. The use of electrical energy to drive such compressors is a fundamentally bad solution. For every KWh of electricity consumed in this way, about two more KWh of primary energy are lost during the generation of electricity in the power plants and during its distribution in the networks.
  • diesel engines for this purpose has so far failed due to the associated exhaust gas problems.
  • the combustion of diesel oil produces nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, which are regarded as poisonous gases and which are therefore undesirable, particularly in residential areas.
  • nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide which are regarded as poisonous gases and which are therefore undesirable, particularly in residential areas.
  • between 1 and 3% of the fuel consumption results from the combustion of 1 kg of diesel oil.
  • the exhaust gas problem with a diesel engine used as a drive for a heating heat pump system is recognized, for example, in the magazine "Oil + Gas Firing" 12/1976, page 676.
  • the engine exhaust gases are sent through the moisture mist of a "wet exhaust gas scrubber" so that pollutants in the exhaust gases dissolve.
  • this exhaust gas cleaning can only be imperfect, since the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust gas scrubber at a relatively high temperature.
  • a high passage and outlet temperature of the engine exhaust gases is desirable, however, so that, in order to utilize the waste heat from the engine exhaust gases, the moisture mist in the exhaust gas scrubber reaches such a high temperature that it can in turn transfer heat energy into the heating circuit by means of a partition wall heat exchange.
  • an exhaust gas cleaning is in Connection with a motor vehicle engine known.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning provided here is based on the principle of the sudden adiabatic volume increase of the engine exhaust gases in order to reduce the exhaust gas temperature to the critical point in order to cause the water particles contained in the engine exhaust gas to condense on the fine soot particles serving as the core and to dissolve other toxic exhaust gas components.
  • the exhaust gas expansion chamber is cooled by a refrigerant evaporator, which is provided especially or as part of a motor vehicle air conditioning system.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method according to which the exhaust gases of a diesel engine used as a drive for a heating heat pump system can be effectively detoxified and its waste heat can also be utilized.
  • a heat pump system is first described in connection with which the method according to the invention is preferably used; Heat is extracted from a water storage tank of 50 cbm for example by means of an immersed refrigerant evaporator during the first day of the day according to the heat pump principle and is first released into a smaller secondary water storage tank. From this, the heat is then drawn into the heating circuit for a second time of day, also using the heat pump principle. In the larger water reservoir it occurs especially during long cold periods Periods in winter due to continued heat removal to form ice on the evaporator surface. A water-ice mixture is thus formed, the temperature of which is 0 ° C.
  • the liquid phase of the mixture is brought into heat exchange with surrounding heat sources, for example in the rolling process, if these have a temperature of above 0 ° C, which is often the case, for example, also in winter with regard to the outside air in the densely populated areas of the world.
  • the detoxification of the exhaust gases and the utilization of the waste heat of the diesel engine used as the drive for the heat pump compressor is carried out as follows:
  • the exhaust gases of the diesel engine are, before they get into heat exchange with the water storage tank, first brought into heat exchange with the return water of the heating circuit. Then the engine exhaust is led through a ceramic or metallic pipe through the secondary water storage tank, the temperature of which can be around + 20oC.
  • the temperature of the engine exhaust gases depends on the design and the degree of pollution
  • Diesel engine between 250 and 400 ° C, so that an intensive heat is given off first to the heating circuit and then to the water of the secondary water tank.
  • the exhaust gases After the exhaust gases have been cooled to, for example, + 60 ° C, they are passed through a continuation of the above-mentioned pipeline through the larger water reservoir, where they enter into a partition wall heat exchanger with the above-mentioned water-ice mixture.
  • this heat exchanger line which also acts as an exhaust pipe, almost the entire residual heat of the exhaust gases above 0 ° C can be obtained for the heat pump process.
  • exhaust gases After combustion of 1 kg of diesel oil, exhaust gases have formed in the following quantity and composition: approx. 3100 g carbon dioxide, approx. 1150 g water vapor, approx. 60 g carbon monoxide, approx. 20 g sulfur dioxide, approx. 10 g nitrogen oxides, other constituents in traces .
  • the weakly acidic condensate obtained in this way can be added to the domestic wastewater and fed into the sewage system.
  • Building wastewater contains soapy water and detergent lye in large quantities, which due to their alkaline effect make wastewater treatment in sewage treatment plants more difficult.
  • the addition of weak acids completely or partially neutralizes the alkaline effect.
  • the exhaust gas condensate not only are the nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolved or bound in the form of their acids, but also other substances, some of which are known to be harmful, contained in the diesel exhaust gases, e.g. 3,4-benzopyrene, feared because of its carcinogenic effects, which is essentially completely removed in the manner described above from the cleaned engine exhaust gases that finally escape outdoors.
  • the engine waste heat which flows into the water used for engine cooling, can also be supplied in full for heating purposes by introducing this cooling water directly into the heating circuit or by partition heat exchange with the heating circuit.
  • the method according to the invention thus enables a) the removal of nitrogen and sulfur oxides and other pollutants from the diesel exhaust gases, b) the recovery of almost all of the waste heat contained in the exhaust gases, including the lei of the solution and conversion processes according to a) the heat released, c) one Environmentally friendly use or wastewater technology-advantageous derivation of those containing the toxins Condensate in general wastewater disposal, and d) fully recover the waste heat flowing into the engine cooling water.
  • the method according to the invention enables environmentally friendly use of diesel engines for the heat pump drive.
  • the entire energy content of the diesel fuel with an amount of more than 40,000 kJ / kg is available.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

During the utilization of a diesel engine for driving a heat pump heating device, the purification of the exhaust gases and the utilization of the heat of the engine are raising problems. By means of a heat pump device utilising a water reservoir, from which on the one hand, heat is drawn by the heat pump and on the other hand heat from external sources is supplied to it, this reservoir thus having a temperature close to zero, purification of the gases is achieved by means of a heat exchange with that reservoir which causes a cooling down of these gases and condenses the condensable elements, and noxious substances of the condensate are dissolved. The engine's heat is recycled in the heating circuit, on the one hand directly by heat exchange and on the other hand indirectly via the water reservoir and the heat pump.

Description

Verfahren zur Entgiftung der Abgase und Nutzbarmachung der Abwärme eines als Antrieb für eine Heizungs-Wärmepumpenanlage benutzten Dieselmotors Process for detoxifying the exhaust gases and utilizing the waste heat of a diesel engine used as a drive for a heating heat pump system
Zur Gewinnung von Feizwärme aus umgebenden Wärmequellen steht ein als "Wärmepumpe" bekannter Kreisprozeß zur Verfügung. Hiernach wird ein Kältemittel, das durch adiabatische Entspannung auf eine niedrige Temperatur gebracht worden ist, mit der umgebenden Wärmequelle in Wärmetausch gebracht. Das erwärmte Kältemittel wird durch Verdichten mittels eines Kompressors auf ein höheres Temperaturniveau gebracht, worauf es unter Verflüssigung in einem Wärmetauscher Wärme an einen Ueizkreislauf aberibt. Zum Antrieb des Kompressors muß Arbeit geleistet werden. Das kann z.B. durch einen Elektromotor geschehen. Die Verwendung von elektrischer Energie zum Antrieb solcher Kompressoren ist aber eine grundsätzlich schlechte Lösung. Für jede so verbrauchte KWh Strom gehen nämlich bei der Stromerzeugung in den Kraftwerken und bei seiner Verteilung in den Netzen ungefähr zwei weitere KWh an Primärenergie verloren. Das führt im Ergebnis dazu, daß die Vorteile des Wärmepumpenverfahrens durch die verlustreiche Erzeugung und Verteilung des für den Kompressorantrieb benötigten Stromes gesamtwirtschaftlich gesehen weit- gehend wieder verlorengehen. Wenn sich, was zu erwarten ist, Wärmepumpenverfahren mehr und mehr durchsetzen, so würde das letztendlich zu einem so hohen Gesamt-Stromverbrauch der Wärmepumpenanlagen führen, daß zusätzliche Kraftwerke für die Deckung des so entstehenden Mehrbedarfs gebaut wer- den müßten.A circular process known as a "heat pump" is available for obtaining heat from surrounding heat sources. Thereafter, a refrigerant which has been brought to a low temperature by adiabatic relaxation is brought into heat exchange with the surrounding heat source. The heated refrigerant is brought to a higher temperature level by compression by means of a compressor, whereupon it gives off heat to a heating circuit while being liquefied in a heat exchanger. Work must be done to drive the compressor. This can be done using an electric motor, for example. The use of electrical energy to drive such compressors is a fundamentally bad solution. For every KWh of electricity consumed in this way, about two more KWh of primary energy are lost during the generation of electricity in the power plants and during its distribution in the networks. As a result, the advantages of the heat pump process are largely lost again from an overall economic perspective due to the lossy generation and distribution of the electricity required for the compressor drive. If, as can be expected, heat pump processes become more and more established, this would ultimately lead to such a high total electricity consumption of the heat pump systems that additional power plants would have to be built to cover the resulting additional demand.
Jedenfalls läßt sich feststellen, daß der elektrische Antrieb von Wärmepumpen-Kompressoren gesamtwirtschaftlich nur zu einem geringfügig niedrigeren Verbrauch an Primärenergie führt und zudem andere unerwünschte Auswirkungen hätte. Aus diesem Grunde sind bereits seit längerem Überle- gungen angestellt worden, wie solche Kompressoren direkt durch Verbrennungsmotoren angetrieben werden könnten. Dafür bietet sich insbesondere der Dieselmotor an, dessen Brennstoffverbrauch pro geleisteter Arbeitseinheit aus konstruk- tiven Gründen bekanntlich sehr viel geringer ist als z.B. derjenige eines Otto-Motors. So könnte der Brennstoffverbrauch eines freistehenden Einfamilienhauses mit ca. 170qm Wohnfläche von bisher ca. 80001 pro Jahr (Heizöl) nach der Umstellung auf eine Wärmepumpenvollheizung bei Verwen düng eines Dieselmotors als Kompressorantrieb auf ca. 20001 Dieselöl gesenkt werden. Die Verwendung von Dieselmotoren für diesen Zweck scheiterte aber bislang an den damit verbundenen Abgasproblemen. Bei der Verbrennung von Dieselöl entstehen nämlich u.a. auch Stickoxide und Schwefeldioxid, welche als Giftgase angesehen werden und deren Erzeugung deshalb gerade in Wohngebieten unerwünscht ist. Von beiden Giftgasen entstehen bei der Verbrennung von 1 kg Dieselöl, je nach dessen Herkunft und Verarbeitungstechnik bei der Praktionierung, zwischen 10 und 30 g, also zwischen 1 und 3 % des Kraftstoffverbrauchs.In any case, it can be stated that the electrical drive of heat pump compressors leads to a slightly lower consumption of primary energy in the economy as a whole and would also have other undesirable effects. For this reason, it has long been considered how such compressors could be driven directly by internal combustion engines. The diesel engine is particularly suitable for this, as is well known, for constructional reasons, the fuel consumption per unit of work performed is much lower than, for example, that of an Otto engine. For example, the fuel consumption of a detached single-family house with approx. 170 square meters of living space could be around 80001 per year (heating oil) after the switch to full heat pump heating at Verwen fertilizer of a diesel engine as a compressor drive can be reduced to approx. 20001 diesel oil. The use of diesel engines for this purpose has so far failed due to the associated exhaust gas problems. The combustion of diesel oil produces nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, which are regarded as poisonous gases and which are therefore undesirable, particularly in residential areas. Depending on its origin and processing technology during the fractionation process, between 1 and 3% of the fuel consumption results from the combustion of 1 kg of diesel oil.
Das Abgasproblem bei einem als Antrieb für eine Heizungs-Wärmepumpenanlage benutzten Dieselmotor ist beispielsweise in der Zeitschrift "Öl + Gasfeuerung" 12/1976, Seite 676, erkannt. Zur Lösung des Problems werden die Motorabgase durch den Feuchtigkeitsnebel eines "nassen Abgaswäschers" geschickt, damit Schadstoffe in den Abgasen in Lösung gehen. Diese Abgasreinigung kann aber nur unvollkommen sein, da die Abgase den Abgaswäscher mit relativ hoher Temperatur durchtreten. Eine hohe Durchtritts- und Austrittstemperatur der Motorabgase ist aber erwünscht, damit zur Nutzbarmachung der Abwärme der Motorabgase der Feuchtigkeitsnebel in dem Abgaswäscher eine so hohe Temperatur erreicht, daß dieser seinerseits durch TrennwandWärmetausch Wärmeenergie in den Heizungskreislauf überführen "kann.The exhaust gas problem with a diesel engine used as a drive for a heating heat pump system is recognized, for example, in the magazine "Oil + Gas Firing" 12/1976, page 676. To solve the problem, the engine exhaust gases are sent through the moisture mist of a "wet exhaust gas scrubber" so that pollutants in the exhaust gases dissolve. However, this exhaust gas cleaning can only be imperfect, since the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust gas scrubber at a relatively high temperature. A high passage and outlet temperature of the engine exhaust gases is desirable, however, so that, in order to utilize the waste heat from the engine exhaust gases, the moisture mist in the exhaust gas scrubber reaches such a high temperature that it can in turn transfer heat energy into the heating circuit by means of a partition wall heat exchange.
Nach der genannten Zeitschriftenstelle ist auch vorgesehen, die Kühlwasserwärme des Dieselmotors zu nutzen und hierzu das Motorkühlwasser ebenfalls in TrennwandWärmetausch mit dem Heizungskreislauf zu bringen.According to the magazine publication mentioned, it is also planned to use the cooling water heat of the diesel engine and, for this purpose, also to bring the engine cooling water into a partition wall to exchange heat with the heating circuit.
Aus der DE-OS 21 4-9 506 ist eine Abgasreinigung in Verbindung mit einem Kraftfahrzeugmotor bekannt. Die hier vorgesehene Abgasreinigung beruht auf dem Prinzip der plötzlichen adiabatischen Volumenvergrößerung der Motorabgase zwecks Herabsetzung der Abgastemperatur auf den kritischen Punkt, um Kondensieren der im Motorabgas enthaltenen Wasserpartikel an den als Kern dienenden feinen Rußteilchen und in Lösunggehen anderer giftiger Abgasbestandteile zu bewirken. Zur Unterstützung der Abkühlung der Motorabgase insbesondere bei hoher Außenlufttemperatur im Sommer ist vorgesehen, die Abgasexpansionskammer durch einen Kältemittelverdampfer zu kühlen, der besonders oder im Rahmen einer Kraftfahrzeugklimatisierungsanlage vorgesehen ist.From DE-OS 21 4-9 506 an exhaust gas cleaning is in Connection with a motor vehicle engine known. The exhaust gas cleaning provided here is based on the principle of the sudden adiabatic volume increase of the engine exhaust gases in order to reduce the exhaust gas temperature to the critical point in order to cause the water particles contained in the engine exhaust gas to condense on the fine soot particles serving as the core and to dissolve other toxic exhaust gas components. In order to support the cooling of the engine exhaust gases, in particular when the outside air temperature is high in summer, it is provided that the exhaust gas expansion chamber is cooled by a refrigerant evaporator, which is provided especially or as part of a motor vehicle air conditioning system.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, nach welchem die Abgase eines als Antrieb für eine Heizungs-Wärmepumpenanlage benutzten Dieselmotors wirksam entgiftet und zudem dessen Abwärme nutzbar gemacht werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a method according to which the exhaust gases of a diesel engine used as a drive for a heating heat pump system can be effectively detoxified and its waste heat can also be utilized.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit dem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with the method according to claim 1.
Zur näheren Erläuterung wird zunächst eine Wärmepumpenanlage beschrieben, in Verbindung mit der das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bevorzugt zur Anwendung kommt; Aus einem Wasserspeicher von z.B. 50 cbm Inhalt wird mittels eines eingetauchten Kältemittel-Verdampfers während einer ersten Tageszeit nach dem Wärmepumpenprinzip Wärme entnommen und zunächst in einen kleineren Sekundärwasserspeicher abgegeben. Aus diesem wird die Wärme dann während einer zweiten Tageszeit ebenfalls nach dem Wärmepumpenprinzip in den Heizungskreislauf entnommen. In dem größere Wasserspeicher kommt es insbesondere während längerer Kälte Perioden im Winter durch fortgesetzte Wärmeentnahme zu Eisbildung an der Verdampferoberfläche. Es bildet sich so ein Wasser-Eis-Gemisch, dessen Temperatur 0º C beträgt. Zum Ersatz entnommencrWärme wird die Flüssigphase des Gemisches z.B. im IJmwälzverfahren mit umgebenden Wärmequellen in Wärmetausch gebracht, wenn diese eine Temperatur von über 0° C haben, was z.B. auch im Winter bezüglich der Außenluft in den dicht besiedelten Gebieten der Erde häufig der Fall ist. Die Entgiftung der Abgase und Nutzbarmachung der Abwärme des als Antrieb für den Wärmepumpenkompressor benutzten Dieselmotors geschieht wie folgt: Die Abgase des Dieselmotors werden, bevor sie in Wärmetausch mit dem Wasserspeicher gelangen, zunächst mit dem Rücklaufwasser des Heizungskreislaufs in Trennwand-Wärmetausch gebracht. Danach werden die Motorabgase mittels einer keramischen oder metallischen Rohrleitung durch den Sekundärwasserspeicher geführt,dessen Temperatur bei ca. + 20º C liegen kann. Die Tempe-ratur der Motorabgase liegt je nach Kon-struktion und jeweiligem Belastungsgrad desFor a more detailed explanation, a heat pump system is first described in connection with which the method according to the invention is preferably used; Heat is extracted from a water storage tank of 50 cbm for example by means of an immersed refrigerant evaporator during the first day of the day according to the heat pump principle and is first released into a smaller secondary water storage tank. From this, the heat is then drawn into the heating circuit for a second time of day, also using the heat pump principle. In the larger water reservoir it occurs especially during long cold periods Periods in winter due to continued heat removal to form ice on the evaporator surface. A water-ice mixture is thus formed, the temperature of which is 0 ° C. As a replacement for heat, the liquid phase of the mixture is brought into heat exchange with surrounding heat sources, for example in the rolling process, if these have a temperature of above 0 ° C, which is often the case, for example, also in winter with regard to the outside air in the densely populated areas of the world. The detoxification of the exhaust gases and the utilization of the waste heat of the diesel engine used as the drive for the heat pump compressor is carried out as follows: The exhaust gases of the diesel engine are, before they get into heat exchange with the water storage tank, first brought into heat exchange with the return water of the heating circuit. Then the engine exhaust is led through a ceramic or metallic pipe through the secondary water storage tank, the temperature of which can be around + 20ºC. The temperature of the engine exhaust gases depends on the design and the degree of pollution
Dieselmotors zwischen 250 und 400° C, so daß eine intensive Wärmeabgabe zunächst an den Heizungskreislauf und dann an das Wasser des Sekundärwasserspeichers erfolgt. Nachdem die Abgase so auf z.B. + 60º C abgekühlt worden sind, werden sie über eine Fortsetzung der erwähnten Rohrleitung durch den größeren Wassorspeicher geleitet, wo sie in Trennwand-Wärmetauseh mit dem erwähnten Wasser-Eis-Gemisch treten. Bei ausreichender Länge dieser gleichzeitig als Auspuff wirkenden Wärmetauscherleitung kann dabei nahezu die gesamte über 0° C liegende Restwärme der Ab-gase für den Wärmepumpenprozeß gewonnen werden. Nach Verbrennung von 1 kg Dieselöl haben sich Abgase in folgender Menge und Zusammensetzung gebildet: ca. 3100 g Kohlendioxid, ca. 1150 g Wasserdampf, ca. 60 g Kohlenmonoxid, ca. 20 g Schwefeldioxid, ca. 10 g Stickoxide, weitere Bestandteile in Spuren.Diesel engine between 250 and 400 ° C, so that an intensive heat is given off first to the heating circuit and then to the water of the secondary water tank. After the exhaust gases have been cooled to, for example, + 60 ° C, they are passed through a continuation of the above-mentioned pipeline through the larger water reservoir, where they enter into a partition wall heat exchanger with the above-mentioned water-ice mixture. With a sufficient length of this heat exchanger line, which also acts as an exhaust pipe, almost the entire residual heat of the exhaust gases above 0 ° C can be obtained for the heat pump process. After combustion of 1 kg of diesel oil, exhaust gases have formed in the following quantity and composition: approx. 3100 g carbon dioxide, approx. 1150 g water vapor, approx. 60 g carbon monoxide, approx. 20 g sulfur dioxide, approx. 10 g nitrogen oxides, other constituents in traces .
Bringt man diese Gase in oben beschriebener Weise in Wärmetausch zunächst mit dem Heizungskreislauf und dann mit den Wasserspeichern, so kondnsiert zunächst der Wasse dampf. Sowohl die Stickoxide als auch das Schwefeldioxid gehen sodann in dem sich bildenden Wassernebel bzw. - kon densat in Lösung. Dabei bildet sich aus den Stickoxiden mit Wasser ein Gemisch aus Salpetersäure HNO3 und salpetriger Säure HNO2. Ferner geht das SO2 wegen seiner hohen Wasserlöslichkeit (106,6 g/l Wasser bei 20º C) im wesentlichen vollständig in Lösung, wobei eine teilweise Umsetzung in schwefelige Sä re H2SO3 stattfindet. Wegen der sehr hohen Wasserbildung und der geringen Endtemperatur aufgrund des Wärmetauschvorganges werden sowohl die Säurebildung als auch die Lösung von nicht umgesetzten Restgasen im Wasser praktisch 100 fό betragen. Dabei ist bei der Leitungsführung darauf zu achten, daß die sich bildenden Kondensate in Strömungsrichtung der Motorabgase im freien Gefälle ablaufen können, damit es nicht zum Rückstau von Kondensaten kommt. Wegen der stark oxidierenden Wirkung von Salpetersäure, welche bekanntlich selbst Edelmetalle angreift, muß entweder geeignetes keramisches Material für die Abgasleitung verwendet werden oder aber Aluminium, welches sich gegenüber Salpetersäure in allen Konzentrationen ziemlich indifferent verhält.If these gases are brought into heat exchange in the manner described above, first with the heating circuit and then with the water reservoirs, the water initially condenses as steam. Both the nitrogen oxides and the sulfur dioxide then go into solution in the water mist or condensate that forms. A mixture of nitric acid HNO 3 and nitrous acid HNO 2 is formed from the nitrogen oxides with water. Furthermore, because of its high water solubility (106.6 g / l water at 20 ° C.), the SO 2 essentially goes completely into solution, with a partial conversion into sulfuric acid H 2 SO 3 taking place. Because of the very high water formation and the low final temperature due to the heat exchange process, both the acid formation and the solution of unreacted residual gases in the water will be practically 100 fό. It must be ensured that the condensate that forms in the direction of flow of the engine exhaust gas can run down a free slope so that there is no backflow of condensate. Because of the strong oxidizing effect of nitric acid, which is known to attack even noble metals, either suitable ceramic material must be used for the exhaust pipe or aluminum, which is found in all nitric acid Concentration behaves fairly indifferently.
Das so gewonnene schwachsaure Kondensat kann den Hausabwässern zugeschlagen und mit diesen in die Kanalisation geleitet werden. Bausabwässer enthalten nämlich in großen Mengen Seifen- und Detergentienlaugen, welche aufgrund ihrer alkalischen Wirkung die Abwasseraufbereitung in den Kläranlagen erschweren. Die alkalische Wirkung wird durch den Zuschlag schwacher Säuren ganz oder teilweise neutralisiert. In dem Abgas-Kondensat sind aber nicht nur die Stickund Schwefeloxide gelöst oder in Form ihrer Säuren gebunden, sondern auch noch andere zum Teil als schädlich bekannte, in den Dieselabrasen enthaltene Stoffe, wie z.B. das wegen seiner krebserregenden Wirkung gefürchtete 3,4-Benzpyren, welches auf die oben beschriebene Weise im wesentlichen vollständig aus den schließlich ins Freie gelangenden gereinigten Motorabgasen entfernt wird.The weakly acidic condensate obtained in this way can be added to the domestic wastewater and fed into the sewage system. Building wastewater contains soapy water and detergent lye in large quantities, which due to their alkaline effect make wastewater treatment in sewage treatment plants more difficult. The addition of weak acids completely or partially neutralizes the alkaline effect. In the exhaust gas condensate, however, not only are the nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolved or bound in the form of their acids, but also other substances, some of which are known to be harmful, contained in the diesel exhaust gases, e.g. 3,4-benzopyrene, feared because of its carcinogenic effects, which is essentially completely removed in the manner described above from the cleaned engine exhaust gases that finally escape outdoors.
Schließlich ist noch zu erwähnen, daß die Motorabwärme, die in das zur Motorkühlung verwendete Wasser einfließt, durch Einleiten dieses Kühlwassers direkt in den Heizkreislauf oder durch Trennwand-Wärmetausch mit dem Heizkreislauf ebenfalls voll Heizzwecken zugeführt werden kann.Finally, it should also be mentioned that the engine waste heat, which flows into the water used for engine cooling, can also be supplied in full for heating purposes by introducing this cooling water directly into the heating circuit or by partition heat exchange with the heating circuit.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht also a) die Entfernung von Stick- und Schwefeloxiden sowie anderer Schadstoffe aus den Dieselabgasen, b) die Rückgewinnung nahezu aller in den Abgasen enthaltener Abwärme, einschließlich der Lei den Lösungs- und Umwandlunesυrozessen gemäfß a) freiwerdenden Wärme, c) eine umweltfreundliche Verwen-düng bzw. abwassertechnisch vorteilhafte Ableitung der die Giftstoffe enthaltenden Kon-densate in die allgemeine Abwasserbeseitigung, und d) die vollständige Rückgewinnung der ins Kühlwasser des Motors einfliessenden Abwärme. Insgesamt wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine umweltfreundliche Verwendung von Dieselmotoren für den Wärmepumpenantrieb ermöglicht. Zudem steht dem Gesamtsystem wegen der nahezu restlosen Verwertung aller Motorabwärme im wesentlichen der gesamte Energieinhalt des Dieseltreibstoffes mit einem Betrag von mehr als 40000 kJ/kg zur Vorfügung. Die Arbeitsweise eines solchen Systems läßt sich so einstellen, daß die beiden Stufen des Wärmepumpenprozesses mit einer Leistun-gsziffer von jeweils über 3,0 stattfinden. Selbst unter hochwinterlichen Bedingungen wird damit erreicht, daß die in den eigentlichen Heizwasserkreislauf gelangende Wärmemenge pro kg eingesetzten Kraftstoffes ca. 60 000 kJ beträgt, im Jahresdurchschnitt etwa 70000 - 75 000 kJ. Zum Vergleich: bei konventionellen Ölheizungen sind es maximal 25000 kJ, im Betrieb während der sog. Übergangszeiten sinkt diese Ausbeute bei den Ölheizungen sogar noch, während sie bei der Wärmepumpenheizung zunimmt. The method according to the invention thus enables a) the removal of nitrogen and sulfur oxides and other pollutants from the diesel exhaust gases, b) the recovery of almost all of the waste heat contained in the exhaust gases, including the lei of the solution and conversion processes according to a) the heat released, c) one Environmentally friendly use or wastewater technology-advantageous derivation of those containing the toxins Condensate in general wastewater disposal, and d) fully recover the waste heat flowing into the engine cooling water. Overall, the method according to the invention enables environmentally friendly use of diesel engines for the heat pump drive. In addition, due to the almost complete recovery of all engine waste heat, the entire energy content of the diesel fuel with an amount of more than 40,000 kJ / kg is available. The operation of such a system can be set so that the two stages of the heat pump process take place with a performance figure of over 3.0 each. Even under winter conditions it is achieved that the amount of heat entering the actual heating water circuit per kg of fuel used is approx. 60,000 kJ, on average around 70,000 - 75,000 kJ per year. For comparison: with conventional oil heaters there is a maximum of 25000 kJ, in operation during the so-called transition periods, this yield even decreases with oil heaters, while it increases with heat pump heating.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e: Patent claims:
1. Verfahren zur Entgiftung der Abgase und Nutzbarmachung der Abwärme eines als Antrieb für eine Heizungs-Wärmepumpenanlage benutzten Dieselmotors, bei dem bei der Verdieselung entstehende Wärmemengen in Motorabgasen und Motorkühlwasser dem Heizungskreislauf zugeführt werden, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Motorabgase, nach der Abgabe eines Teils ihres Wärmeinhalts an den fleizungskreislauf, in Trennwand-Wärmetausch mit einem als Wärmequelle für den Verdampfer der Wärmepumpenanlage dienenden Wasserspeicher gebracht werden, dem auch Wärme durch umgebende Wärmequellen zugeführt wird und der auf einem niedrigen Temperaturniveau nahe 0° C steht, um einerseits die kondensierbaren Anteile in den Motorabgasen zu kondensieren und Schadstoffe in gebildetem Kondensat zu lösen und andererseits Abgaswärme bis zu relativ niedrigem Temperaturniveau in den Wasserspeicher zu überführen. 1. A method for detoxifying the exhaust gases and harnessing the waste heat of a diesel engine used as a drive for a heating heat pump system, in which the heat generated in the diesel generation of engine exhaust gases and engine cooling water are fed to the heating circuit, characterized in that the engine exhaust gases, after the release of a part their heat content to the plumbing circuit, in partition heat exchange be brought with a water reservoir serving as a heat source for the evaporator of the heat pump system, to which heat is also supplied by surrounding heat sources and which is at a low temperature level close to 0 ° C, on the one hand to condense the condensable components in the engine exhaust gases and to contaminants in the condensate formed solve and on the other hand to transfer exhaust heat to a relatively low temperature level in the water reservoir.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e k e n nz e i c h n e t, daß die Abgabe eines Teils des Wärmeinhalts der Motorabgase an den Heizungskreislauf dadurch erfolgt, daß die Motorabgase mit einem Sekundärwasserspeicher, der während einer ersten Tageszeit nach dem Wärmepumpenprinzip aus dem Wasserspeicher aufgeheizt wird, in Wärmetausch gebracht werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized geken nz that the delivery of part of the heat content of the engine exhaust gases to the heating circuit is carried out in that the engine exhaust gases with a secondary water storage, which is heated during a first day according to the heat pump principle from the water storage, in heat exchange to be brought.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das schwachsaure Kondensat aus den Motorabgasen den sonstigen, im allgemeinen alkalischen Iϊausabwässern zugeschlagen wird. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the weakly acidic condensate from the engine exhaust gases is added to the other, generally alkaline, waste water.
PCT/DE1979/000037 1979-04-04 1979-04-04 Process for the purification of a diesel engine exhaust gas and for the utilization of its heat,engine used for driving a heat pump heating device WO1980002178A1 (en)

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PCT/DE1979/000037 WO1980002178A1 (en) 1979-04-04 1979-04-04 Process for the purification of a diesel engine exhaust gas and for the utilization of its heat,engine used for driving a heat pump heating device
EP79900427A EP0026172A1 (en) 1979-04-04 1980-10-23 Process for the purification of a diesel engine exhaust gas and for the utilization of its heat, engine used for driving a heat pump heating device

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PCT/DE1979/000037 WO1980002178A1 (en) 1979-04-04 1979-04-04 Process for the purification of a diesel engine exhaust gas and for the utilization of its heat,engine used for driving a heat pump heating device
WODE79/00037 1979-04-04

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983002820A1 (en) * 1982-02-03 1983-08-18 Söllner, Robert Heating or cooling device
EP0457399A2 (en) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-21 Stirling Thermal Motors Inc. Cogeneration system with a stirling engine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2203084A1 (en) * 1972-01-22 1973-07-26 Robert Von Dipl Ing Linde DEVICE FOR THE EXHAUST GAS EXHAUST FROM COMBUSTION ENGINE
US3927526A (en) * 1973-12-04 1975-12-23 Jack V Tedrow Exhaust moisture reduction by prototype heat exchanger
DE2543569A1 (en) * 1975-09-30 1977-04-07 Hans Dr Ing Herrmann Heat pump with thermal drive - uses IC engine driven compressor in combination with heat converting equipment
DE2550899A1 (en) * 1975-11-13 1977-05-18 Geb Gramer Dorothea Schmiedel Domestic heating using exhaust heat of generator engine - has metered feedback into mains grid and can burn natural gas, oil etc.
DE2639340A1 (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-03-02 Motorheizung Gmbh ENGINE HEATING

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2203084A1 (en) * 1972-01-22 1973-07-26 Robert Von Dipl Ing Linde DEVICE FOR THE EXHAUST GAS EXHAUST FROM COMBUSTION ENGINE
US3927526A (en) * 1973-12-04 1975-12-23 Jack V Tedrow Exhaust moisture reduction by prototype heat exchanger
DE2543569A1 (en) * 1975-09-30 1977-04-07 Hans Dr Ing Herrmann Heat pump with thermal drive - uses IC engine driven compressor in combination with heat converting equipment
DE2550899A1 (en) * 1975-11-13 1977-05-18 Geb Gramer Dorothea Schmiedel Domestic heating using exhaust heat of generator engine - has metered feedback into mains grid and can burn natural gas, oil etc.
DE2639340A1 (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-03-02 Motorheizung Gmbh ENGINE HEATING

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983002820A1 (en) * 1982-02-03 1983-08-18 Söllner, Robert Heating or cooling device
EP0457399A2 (en) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-21 Stirling Thermal Motors Inc. Cogeneration system with a stirling engine
EP0457399A3 (en) * 1990-05-14 1992-09-02 Stirling Thermal Motors Inc. Cogeneration system with a stirling engine

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