USRE813E - Improvement in magnetic printing-telegraphs - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

R. E. HOUSE. PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

Reissued Sept. 20, 1859.

3 Sheets-8heet 2.

J R. E. HOUSE.

' PRINTING TELEGRAPH. I I No. 813. Reissued Sept; 20, 1859.

I b a 3 SheetsSheet 3.

R.E.HOUSE. v PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

Reissud Sept. 20, 1859.

ROYAL E. HOUSE, OF, BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK.

"IMPROVEMENT mj MAGNETIC PRlNTlNG-TEL EGRAPHS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No; 4,464, dated April'18,1846; Reissue No. 813, dated- September 20, 1859.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROYAL E. HOUSE, now

of Binghamton, State of New York, and for-- telligence between distant-places and permanently recording the same in letters or other signs by the employment of electric or gal vanic currents, which I 'do denominate and call the The Improved Magnetic Letter Printing Telegraph, of which the following is a full and accurate description.

I'shall first'describe the whole of said 'machinery as constructed and combined by. me for practical operation, and then 1 shall point out and distinguish the particular parts and combinations which I claim as my invention, and wh ch I desire to secure by Letters Patent. S (1 machine consists of two parts} first, of that part which is to be stationed at the place from which intelligence is to be transmitted, and which, for'convenience of distinction, I denominate the "composing machine; second, of that part which is to be stationed at the place to whichintelligence is to be com-,

municatedyantl which, for the same reason, I denominate the printing-machine. These two parts are to be connected by an electric or galvanic conductor, which conductor is to be in connection with .anyknown generator of electricity or 'galvanism, and form a circuit through or along which, whenrconnected, a current of electricity or galvanism will pass, and for some part of the distance through coils. Th'eset'wo parts of said machinery are chiefly propelled by some prime mover,-such 'as the power of weights, the electric or galvanic currents being applied and used only to regulate the motions by means substantially as hereinafter described, and thus the advantage of the instantaneous action of magnetoelectric or galvanic force and the power of a prime mover are combined in'the'accomplisliment of the work for which-the machinery is intended.

I shall 'first explain the composing-machine and in order that the same may be better un-.

derstood, I'shall'describe it in connection with the drawings, which are hereunto annexed, the drawings of Figures 11, 12, and-13 011 Sheet I, as well as'thos'e on Sheet II, being on a larger scale than the others. a

The composing-machine, as before stated, is

to be stationed at the place from which the a wheel fixed to the.end of this shaft, which I" call the circuit=wheel, which is, in fact, arotating part of the.eircuit, a governor attached to the machine, and a weight and pulley with a series of wheels and pinions to give motion to said key-shaft. I

The parts of the composing-machine are'to be arranged inany suitable frame made of any suitable material, the precise-form not being material, so long as so made as to be suitable to sustain the'difi'erent parts of the machinery in the positions and connections I substantially as I shall hereinafter describe.

This-part of my machine is represented by Figs. 1 and 2 of SheetI of the drawings. Fig.

1 exhibits the plan,-and Fig. 2 the side elevation. In giving aparticular description of the parts composing it, I will commence with the power by which the machinery is propelled, following it through its difierent connections, and pointing out the object and construction of the parts.

This composing-machine is propelled by a .weight attached to the cord b, which passes over the fixed pulley a, and is wound round the barrel 0. This barrel is hung on an axle,

- which has at one end the cog-wheel d, the barrel being. connected with. the axle and cogwheel by a ratchet arrangediu the ordinary and well-known manner of similar fixtures in other machinery for permitting thewinding I up of a weight which shall give out power in its descent.- The cogwhecl-dtworks into the pinion e, fixed on a shaft which carries the cogwheel f, which engages with the. pinion y, se-

cured to the same shaft which carries the wheel h, engaging with a pinionon carries the governor. The upper end of the aide, to

the shaftfl'which 1 which is in 'tached' the cog-wheel h, is extended upward, and carries the bevel friction-wheel} This wheel acts upon and drives a'similar wheel, 10, attached tothe end of the key-shaft, and in this way motion is communicated to the key-- shaft, 9. part of the weight thereof resting upon the friction-wheel, so as to insure sufiicient friction to cause'the shaft to revolve.

The key-shaft extends lengthwise through the frame, and may run in any convenient bearings fixed in the ends of said frame. In this shaft are fixed the same number of pins as there are keys extending out from thesurface of the shaft, and placed in a helical row extending its whole length. These pins are represented in Fig. 2 of Sheet I and Fig; 9 of Sheet II of the drawings as twenty-eight in number, twenty-six of them corresponding to the several letters of the alphabet, one of them to adot, andoneof them being left blank- Fixed upon the end of the key-shaft is the metallic wheel I, which revolves with said shaft and is used for breaking and closing the circnit of conductors, and I have therefore called I it the circuit-wheel, it being, in fact, a rotating part of the circuit. Fig. 9 of Sheet II of the drawings is a side elevation of said keyshaft and metallic circuit-wheel. This is a don ble wheel-that is, the inside of the wheel is aboutthree-qusrters of an inch less in diameter than the onts'iuei- On the periphery of the outside or larger part of this wheel are cutfourteen cogs, forming between them fourteen spaces. The periphery of the inside-or smaller portion of this wheel is smooth. This wheel is connected with the circuit of electric or galvanic .eonductors a'nd forms a part of the same, as follows: )han'd'niu 'Fig;1 of Sheet I of the drawings are ends of wire or metallic rods forming a part of said circuit which connects the composing and printingmachines, and also con-'. nects one with the positive and the. other with periphery of the outer portion of the said wheel.

This wheel is designed to turn to ward the spring q and fromthe spring 1', so that. it may meet with no obstruction from the end of the spring 1" catching between the cogs, the a rrangement being such that the springs and conducting-wires are insulated. or out of metallic contact with all parts of the machinery except the rotating part of the circuit or circuit-wheel. As the said circuit-wheel revolves the spring 1 will slide over the ends of the cogs, and also pass over or through the spaces between them, and thus the circuit of conductors will be broken when the spring 1* passes over or througha drawings.

end of the spring q in the meantime remaining constantly in contact with the smooth portion of the periphery of said wheel. Each one of these cogs and spaces corresponds with one of the pins in the key-shaft and with one of the finger-keys. The cogs and spaces are therefom lettered in the drawings-with the same characters as are the said fin ger-keys and pins. Fig. 10 of Sheet II ot' the drawings exhibits an and elevation of said circuit-wheel and keyshaft. The position of the finger-keys in the frame is shown by Fig. 2 of Sheet I of the The keys are hung upon a small red, whichpasses through them at oneend', and on which they may play up and down.

These keys may be made of any convenient material; but I construct them' of woodwith ivory-tops, and on the under side of themthere is a metallic spring with a cat-ch or cog. to make contact-withthe pins in the key-shaft. Fig. 8 of Sheet II of the drawings represents a side elevation of one of these keys. The

free end of the spring hears npon'a bar, and

will raise the key when released from the press-' are of the finger.

The use of the governor above mentioned is two fold: first, to equalize the motion of the machinery, preventing its running. with too great velocity,.and, second, in some degree to keep up the velocity of the wheel-work when the key-sh aft has been stopped by the pressing down of one .ofthe .finger-keys, so that said shaft will resume its motion speedily on being liberated by the raising of the key. This gov er'nor,as I have termed-itfls caused to revolve by means of the cog-wheel h, as above described,f andconsists of two parts first, a retarding-fly or rotating vane, and second, of heavy balls moving with the vane, the former acting to prevent too great velocity and the latter aid; ing by their momentum in keeping up velocity when additional labor is imposed upon the prime mover, both parts being clearly shown".

in thedrawings, and when the key-shaft is stopped the balls, by their momentum, aid the weights to drive the machinery,;which has the additional labor then imposed upon it of cansg in g the friction'wheel 'j to slide round under the friction-wheel k,'so that when the fingerkey is permitted to rise and the catch or cog on the under side of it slips off from th'epin in the shaft, the machinery, being still in motion, will cause the shaft to resume its motion more quickly-than it would it no weighted balls or their equivalents were used.

I will now explain the connected operation -of this part of my machine. Each key has a corresponding pin in the keyshaft and either a space or a cog on the circuit-wheel, with.

which it corresponds and to which it belongs.

.I have also stated that this part of my magnetic letter printin g telegraph is to be stationed at the place from which intelligence is to be communicated, and it is to be used either for breaking or closing the circuit of conductors,

so as to cause any given, letter or charactetto be printed at the place to which communication is to be made. The mariner of producing this efiect is as follows: First, it may be observed from what has been stated that when the key-shaft, and consequently the circuitwheel, are put into motion by the agency of the weight attached to the cord b, as described, the circuit of conductors will be broken and closed in rapid succession-that is, it will be broken whenever the spring 0 passes through a space between the cogs and closed whenever it slides over the end of a cog. While this process continues by the uninterrupted revolution of said shaft and wheel no printing will be done, for reasons hereinafter explained, and theefl'ect thus far will be only to cause the type-wheel in the printing part of the machincry to revolve synchronously with the circuitw'heel and to bring it into the proper position for the printing to take place, as will be hereinafter described. When, however, aletter or other characteris to be'printed, it is necessary in the precise machine herein described that the motion of said shaft and circuit-wheel should be arrested, allowing said circuit to re-. main either broken or closed till the desired letter is printed; and this is done by merely pressing downa finger-key. For example, if desirable to print, say, the letter A, the finger-key A must be pressed down. This catches the pin Ajn the shaft, arresting the motion of the 'shaft and of the circuit-wheel at the same time that the spring E will be on the cog A,and the circuit'of the conductors will thus be closed, and,-being closed, a current of electricity or galvanism will pass through" the circuit, cans ing the letter A to be printed at the place to which the message is to be communicated. If desirable to print the letter B, then the fingerkey B should be pressed down, which, catching the pin B, will. stop the motion of the shaft and wheel while the spring E is in the'space B of said circuit-wheel, and the circuit of conductors being thus broken, the current of electricity or galvanismwill cease, cansing the letter B to be printed. Inlike manner any other letter, or the dot, or the blank space may be formed by merely pressing down the key marked with such letter, dot, or left blank, a

like effect being produced upon the printing- .machine by either breaking or closing the circuit, all of which will be understood by the examination .of I the parts hereinafter explained.

part of threehnndred and sixty degrees, and

rounding an eccentric upon a shalt, a.

part 2 of Fig. 3.) Fig. 5 of Sheet'III o the so'in succession by the same angular distance, as each key on the key-board was successively stuck the circuit would be broken or closed with the rotating part of the circuit in some definite angular-position corresponding tothe key struck,

I will now proceed to describe that part of the said magnetic letter-printing telegraph to be stationed at the place to which intelligence is to be transmitted -and which, for convenience of distinction, I have denominated the printting-machine.

' A front elevation of said printing-machine is exhibited by Fig. 3 of Sheet I of the drawin gs, and which,for fnrtherconvenience of dis.-

tincti'on, I subdivide into partsl and 2, as indicated in the drawings, Fig. ,4-of said sheet exhibits an end elevation of part first detached from part second. This machine consists of the basis or bottom D, of any convenient thick-'- ness, supporting-legs, a a, pf anyeonve'nient length, upon which is to be erected a framework or case suitable for bearings for the different axles to run in, and to sustain the machinery. This frame-work'has been omitted in the two last-mentioned figures, because no particular form of it is necessary, and, if represented, it would obscure the parts of the machinery more important to be exhibited. f of part first of the printing-machine is an axis or shaft hnngiu the frame. On this shaft, at or near its center, is fixed an escapement with two arms, the angular part being fixed to the shaft, as shown by the drawings. A front elevation of this escapement is shown by Fig. 7 of Sheet II of the drawings. This escapement is carried or caused to vibrate as I shall now describe, the machinery in .part 2,-Fig. 3 of Sheet I of the drawings, being employed for this purpose.

e is an eccentric-rod with one end connected to one arm of the escapement by means of a pin, on which it may easily work, the other end thereof being fastened to an eccentric-ring surdrawings is a plan of said shaft and eccentric with its rod attached, and also of two arms, 0

and b, one end. of each of -which is attached? to the shaft near the eccentric, the other or outer ends of said arms being bent at'right' angles, as shown by the drawings. These arms may be made of smallwire; I

d is an arm attached to and extending out from a rock-shaft hung in the frame. Fig. 4 of the last-mentioned sheet of the drawings is a plan of this arm and shaft, and Fig. 3" an elevation of the same.

f and g are small pins or detents inserted inthe arm d. The pinjg is intended to catch the bent ends of the arms 0 and b as the shaft into which the said arms are-fixed revolves. The pin f plays in a slotor hole formed in the end of the rod h. wound in the usual manner, so as to form. an electricalhelix, with a small orifice or hole at See i i i i i are helical coils of wire,

c as above stated.

or near the center of the mass-of said coils, sufficient to admit therein a small piece of steel, j. These coils of wire are arranged in pairs. Fig. 2 of said Sheet III of the drawings exhibits an elevation of one pair of said 0011s of wire with-a piece of steel placed in it.

j is a' small steel rod bent in two places at right angles, which, is magnetized by the operation ofthe electric currents; :or it may be bent in the form. of a horseshoe-magnet,with the two legs or ends straight and passing loosely into the ends or holes formed as aforesaid in the said coils of wire, as shown in part 2 of said Fig.3 of Sheet I, and as also shown by Fig. 1 of Sheet III of the drawings; but I do not wish to be understood asconflning myself to any particular number or size of pieces of steel or coils, or to any particular means of producing motion by attraction or repulsioninduced by electric or galvanic currents. The

number and size indicated 'by the drawings have been used for practical purposes; but other numbers and other sizes may be used,

h is a small metallic bar or rod attached to and connecting the tops of said pieces of steel by joints, and with one end, It, firmly attached to the frame. The part of thisvrod near the end It whiohis attached to the. frame should be made so as to act as a spring, so that the other end of said rod, together with said pieces.

of steel, may easily play up and down. i

.'b is a weight attached to a cord which winds round a drum or barrel hungupon one axle,

and arranged-with a'ratchetrwheel, in the or? .dinary and well-known manner for conveniently winding up the weight when the same shall have run down. v

The cog-wheel m is uponthe same shaftupon which the drum is hung, and works into a pinion, and carries the wheel and axle n. .The.

cog-wheel n engages with a pinion and car-v ries the wheel and axle 0. The cog-wheel 0 works into a pinion, r, on one end of the shaft a, before described, and thus the shaft a is caused to revolve by-the power of' the weight, the wheels and pinions being of such comparative size as to give suflicient velocity to the shaft, the proportion of wheels and pinions to Q each other, as shown inthedrawings, being a good one for the purpose.

I I will next explain the operation of the ma chinery thus described, the objectlof which is to give theproper motion to the escapetnent,

weight r, by means of the series of wheels and pinions, connected as above described, gives motion to the shaft a, on which is flied the eccentric to which the connecting-rod e is attached, and if the motion of 1 said shaft were notinterrupted, it would revolve with great ra-' coils.

This 'is as follows: The

connecting-rod causes the escapementto vibrate. e

The manner of regulating the motion of the shaft a bynu application of the electric or galvanic force and by breaking and closing the circuit is asfollo'ws p andq are continuations of the wire forming the coils before described. One is the positive and the other is the negative pole forming part of the circuit, whichextends through the rotating circuit-wheel when the spring is in contact with the cogs thereof, and thence to the station, where the printingmachine is located. When the circuit is closed and a on rrcntof electricity or galvanism passes through or along said wire, the pieces of steel, being thereby magnetized, are drawn down together with the rod h, to which they are attached, and when the circuit is broken and the scribed, rises by force of this spring, carrying with it thepieces of steel, and thus this rod will play up and down as often as the circuit of conductors is broken and closed, or as often as a. current of electricity passes and ceases to pass along orthrough the wire forming said When said rod isdrawn down it carries with it the end of c the arm (1 by means of the pin f in said arm, which passes through the slot or hole in the end of said rod, and

when said rod elevates itself italso carries'the. 'end of said arm with it. This motion, it will the ping when the pieces of steel or magnets are drawn down, and the pin g is therefore at its greatest distance from the shaft 11, or from the center of motion of the arms 0 and b.

The arm I must be of such length that .its bent end will be arrested by the ping when the magnets or pieces of steehand rod h are.

raised, and the pin 9 is therefore nearest to the shaft to, or to the center of motion of the said arms c and b. The bentends of said'arms strike said pin in a horizontal position, the side of the bent end of the arm coming in'contact with the side of the pin, so that one is parallel to the other, and'so that the pin may easily slip below or be raised above thebentends of said arms. When, therefore, the pieces of steel or magnets are drawn down, carrying with them the rod h and the end of the arm, the pin is carried down, and the bent end of the short arm b, with which itwas in contact, is thereby liberated, and the shaftand eccentric performshalf of one revolution, and the connectin g-rod a will be drawn back until the bent end of the long arm 0 strikes against the pin 9 and stops the motion of the shaft, which will remain so until the magnets, the rod h, and the end of the arn d arcelevated, when the pin g will be raised, and, liberating the bent-end of the long arn c, the shaft a and the eccentric to which said connecting-rod is attached :will

- again revolve half round, projecting said con- 'necting-rod forward, and thus the motion given to thoconnecting-rod e, and consequently to the escapement,:hy theweight l, as hereinbe- -,fore described, is regulated by the power of 1 electricity or galvanism. V

The arrangement and machinery above described will be snflicient and operate success is verygreat'it-may be found necessary'to add :thejipowerof a less extended and separate cnrrentof, electricity or galvanism toincrease the tric orgalvanic force acting upon said mag- This may be done by having an additional-apparatus to voperate in connection with that above: described, and which is shown by Fi'g. 1 of Sheet III of the drawings, I g1. represented in connection with part 2 alread'y 'described. This consists of a set of Lcoilfsfan'd"magnets connected by a rod at the top similar tothose already described in part 2.

s is the rodconnecting the magnets, one end of which is to be connected with the wireformin'gzja' p'art'of an electric or galvanic circuit. Thefpolesof this additional apparatus are u 'aiidit,;and these poles should be connected in tliegcircuit extending to and eonnectingwiththe composing-machine, and, when used inconnection with part 2 aforesaid, may, for distinc- -t ion, "jb e denominated the first circuit, and thefbir'cnifi in which part 2 is connected, for tli'el'sanie'. reason, may he called the second circuit. "when thesev two parts are used to gether the. poles of the second circuit will be 'q-mla r. The second circuit may extend only.

azshort-distance from the printing-machine,

' and-tbebroken and closed by the first circuitthat is, the breaking and closing the first cirzcni't also breaks and closes the second circuit, as follows WVhen the first circnitis closed and theimagnetsin this circuit and the rod '8 con- 'n e'cting them are drawn down, the end of said rod 3 comes in. contact with thewirc or pole 12 an'd'closcs the second circ'nit. When the first "circuit is'broken the rod 8, forming a spring at one end, will rise, thereby breaking the second circnit.

' -The rod 8 should be a good conductor of electricity, and thus when the first circuit is closed the second is closed also, and when the first circuit is broken the second is broken also, and therefore breaking and closing the first circuit by means of the composing-machine before described is, in cit'cct, breakiu g and closing both circuits, and as a very small force is necessary to break and close the second circuit, the first circuit will afford snfficientelectricforce to break and close the second at great distances in the manner described, and, if the distance should be so great as to require it, there may be duplicates of part 3 at intermediate plac'est be connected with a battery or other known generator of electricity. or gal vanism placed at a short distance therefrom, and in the same or an adjoining room in which the printingmachi'ne' is placethif desired; and in this way the disadvantage of the loss of the electric or galvanic force from the distanccbctween the composing and the printing machines is obviated, and the power of abattcry or other generator'of electricity or galvanisin placed at a short distance from the magnets in the second circuit is brought to bear thereon.

In the foregoing description of my magnetic letter-printing telegraph I have spoken of circuits of electric or galvanic conductors. By this I intend to be understood as meaning any well-known arrangement or means of causing a current of electricity or 'galvani'sm to pass through or along a conductor extending from the composing to the printing machine, such asasingle insulated wire in connection with a batteryand with thc earth at the two ends thereof. Having now explained the means and manner of giving motion to the escapeinent, I will 7.;

proceed with furtherexplanation of part 1 of the'printing-machine.

frame parallel to the shaft f, which wheel may wheel are twenty-eight protnberances, formed as shown bythe drawings, Fig. l of Sheet II representing a side elevation of said wheel audits axle,-an'd Fig. 2 of the same sheet a section through the wheel and its axle. On the end of each ,of twenty-six of these protnberancesis a type of a letter or character.

0n the end of one of the remaining two is r a type of a period or dot, and the remaining one represents a blank, being a little shorter than the others. These letters, dot, and blank correspond respectively with the letters, dot, and blank on the finger-keys abovedescribed. This wheel Icall the type-wheel?- Fixed in one side of the type-wheel (and for convenience of distinction, say, the front side) are fourteen small metallic pins, which project from the periphery of the wheel.

and distinct power, as will be hereinafter de- The poles c and q of the second circuit may i A is awheelflxed to an axle hung in the' be about six inches in diameterandon'e-eighth I of an inch thick; On the periphery of this The arms of the escapcincntabove described extend along the front of the-type-whc'cl, so

scribed, the result is that the pins are caught alternately by the arms of the escapement,

and the motion of the type-wheel is thus controlled-governed, in fact-by the making and ;.-break ing of the circuit.

. The typewheelis caused to revolve by a prime mover, such as a weight attached to the 4 cord g,'which .is wound round the barrel 7,

fixed upon an axle hung-in the frame, and having a ratchet with theinec'essary fixtures arranged in the ordinaryand well-known way for winding up the weight, and also acogwheel,-wh ich engages with a-piniou, i, with a v cog-wheel at the opposite end of the axle of said pinion, which works into apinion, j, keyed upon. the same shaft that carries the typewheel, the object of the whole being that the I have now'described how the type-wheel is caused to revolve and the manner in which its p motion is controlled by the escapement; and in order to .better understand the object, ap-

plication, and efieet of the other parts of the printing-machine, it may be of use to notice ;;here what-would bathe motion of the parts already described if put into operation without any additions being made'thereto. weight attached to the cord 9, causing the type-wheel to revolve, be wound up, and the circuit ol'conductors be broken and closed in f rapid succession, the arms of the escapement I will vibrate and the type-wheel will revolve -step by step as fast as permitted by the vibrations of the esca-pement. If the circuit were broken or closed and so kept momentarily, (the type-wheel would be held in one position If the by the 'escapement so long as the circuit remained so broken or closed.

Other apparatus is necessary to cause the "machine to print, and .it is as follows:

B is a cylinder or drum, which I call 'the paper-cylinder.. The axle upon. which this cylinder is placed is hung in two small metallic posts or arms, I l, the lowerendsof which are attasl ed to an axle hung in the frame, with or on which they vibrate, carrying said j cyilnder to andfrom the typewheel. m m

are small metallic rods connectin g by a joint.

:withthe upper ends of the posts ll. These [-jrbds are more distinctly exhibited by Figs. 5'

and 7 of Sheet I of the drawings, which are respectivelya plan and elevation of said rods and the parts to which they are connected,

the angles being formed in the rods to accommodate the space between them to the length 1 and movement of the papencylinder. The axle of the cylinder turns in boxes inthe tops of the posts and is held down by the pressure of the .springs o 0. The ends of these rods m m are attached to eccentric-rings which surround eccentrics on the shaft 1;, so that when the shaft on revolves (as I shall hereinafter describe) the paper-cylinder B is projected for: wardand drawn back by said eccentrics act- 'ihg'on the rods, the paper-cylinderbe'ing hung on the posts or armsto which the rods are attached, and these latter being capable of vibration, as before described.

The paper on which the characters are .to be printed may be wound round thecylinder B. This paper-cylinder must be hung at such a distance from thetype-wheel that each revo- Int-ion of the eccentric-shaft n will bring the paper wound round the paper-cylinder in contact with one of the types, and'the paper must also have such motionas will insure proper spaces between the various cha cters printed thereon. There are two catches, and. 12, Figs. 3, 5, 6, and 7 of SheetIof the drawings,avhich extend the length of the cylinder and work in notches formedfin one edge of one endof the paper-cylinder, said edge extending a little above the paper and answering the purpose of a'ratchet-wheel. The catch gisattaclied.

to the side of the frame by the pins-or screws at q ,q; forming an axis on which it turns.

Under thecatches are springs by which.

they are sustained and kept in the notches. The catch 12 is permanently attached to the posts or armson which the: paper-cylinder is hung, so that it moves with j the paper-cylin-' der in its motion to and from the type-w heel.

The catch 1) also works in the notches in the end of the cylinder. The effect of these catches in causing the cylinder torevolve is as follows: When the cylinder .is moved back from thetypewheel the catch q takes into the said notches and turns the cylinder far enough to move the, last letter printed out of the wayof 4 the next tobc printed, and-as the catch p retains itsposition it prevents-the cylinder from turning back, and thus the cylinder is'tn'rned forward sufficiently far to space the lettersthe posts and set back, so as to commencethe printing again at the other end of the cylinder or the paper-cylinder may not move end;- wise, in which case the paper round the cylinder must run-oil as the cylinder revolves,--bein g suppliedfrom a wheel shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, Sheet I, and carried oh by a weight or pressure-roller. Figs; 9 and 10 of Sheet I 'show an arrangementofthis'kind.

. The material most convenient to be used for the printing, instead of ink, is plumbago, with which the type may be supplied by the small wheel or roller r, hung in the frame over the type-wheel. The roller r is hung so that-it will revolve by the friction of the'surface of the roller coming into contact with the type; The plumbago or other colorihg-matter may be placed in agroove cut in the periphery of above described.

has i 7 said roller and covered by a suitable substance.

"Woolen cloth answers a good. purpose. The

plum'ljago will work through the cloth sufficiently to supply the type comingiuto contact; with the cloth. H

The paper-supporter and the mechanical devices causing it to move so as to press upon the types of the typewheel and then to retreat from them are in fact, therefore, a printing apparatus; and this press or apparatus has only one important new feature -name] y, that the-paper is pressed upon thetype, instead-of the type being moved so as to press upon-the paper, aswas donein printing-telegraphs described prior to the date of my invention; and this feature is useful, as when employed it relieves the type-wheel or the types on that wheel from a motion which might interfere with theproper regulation of the rotation of the typewheel, and it certainly renders the apparatus less complex in construction.

The inking appa ratu s, cousistiu g of a grooved' 'venient and simple way of applying color to the type, and from the fact that the types are in a single line the grooving of the roller, although appareutly'a small matter, becomes a really important feature in the successful working .of the apparatus.

I will now explain the manner in which the shaft n, ha'ving'the eccentrics to which the rods m m are attacherhis caused to revolve, and also how its revolutions are regulated.

The power causing-the revolutions of said attached to the end of a cord, k, which cord is wound round a barrel or d rum havinga ratchetwheel and cog-wheel arranged for the convenience of winding up the weight by means of a crank similarly to the like fixtures connected with the weight attached to the cord g, as

Fig. 4 of Sheet ll is a section through one of these barrels, ratchetwheels, cog-wheel and the axles on which they arehung.

The cog-wheel attached to the-axle of the barrels works in and cariies the .pinion and axlet. The cog-wheel gun the opposite end of this axle works. into a pinion attached to the shaft n, and thus this is caused to revolve by a. 'series of wheels and pinions so arranged as to get up velocity. If, now, no regulator or obstruction were interposed, the shaft a would revolve constantly and with great velocity until the weight attachedto the end'ot" shouldrevolve only when the type of the character desired to be printed is brought opposite the paper-cylinder by the type-wheel, and when one of the finger-keys marked with that charactor is pressed down. To accomplish this I use,the following contrivance u is a, lever,with.one'end attached to the 'frame by an axle, forming a fulcrum, on which itworks, the bent end'ot' the leverbeing capable of-playing up and down 'by the side of the type-wheel opposite to that. on which the escapement before described'works. In the side of the type-wheel on which said lever works, and at a short distance from the periphery of said wheel, are inserted small metallic pins. These pins correspond in number with the protuberances on the wheel, and areplaced on radial lines drawn from the center of said wheel to the types. The position of thesepins are represented by the small quadrants and circles in :Fig. 1 of Sheet II of the drawings,'it beingunderstood, however, that these round pins are on the side of the wheel opposite to that which is represented'by said last-1nentioned figure, the quadrants on the side of the wheel exhibited representing the pins and the form'of the same upon which the escapcment works, as before described. 7

a and b of Fig. 2, Sheet II, show the form of one of the escapement-pins and one of the round pins detached from the wheel. The small end of said lever has a straight surface, shaped substantially as shown, so that it may be struck'by the pins in succession as the wheel revolves, orv fall between any two of them when the wheel stops. A rod, z, is attached to said lever by means of a joint, on which it works. The lower end of this rod is connected with a hydraulic regulator, 0, soconstructed that the rod :4 and the lever u to g I which it is attached may rise rapidly, but canshaft is a prime mover consisting-of .a weight not fali or pass downward to any extent, ex cept when the type-wheel is fully stopped.

The construction and=operatiou of the hydraulic regulator 1 shall 'hereinat'ter explain.

In the side of lever u is fixed a pin, '0, and firmly fixed upon the shaft a, above described, is a thin metallic wheel, E, scroll-shaped, and shown by Figs. 11 and 12, Sheet I of'the drawings. The pin 11 in the lever slides on the periphery of this wheelas the wheel-revolves. That part of the circumference of this wheel farth es t from the center is made thicker than the other part of the wheel. In this thick part of the wheel areformed two catches or shoulders, '20 and x, which successively engage the pin 11 as the wheel rewlvgs. thereby stopping the motion of the wheel, These catches or shoulders are some distance apart, .1: being farther from the center of motion of the wheel than to, so that when the wheel revolves the pin '0 will first engage with the catch or shoulder w, and, on being liberated from that, will. next take against the shoulder as.

The shoulder to is so formed that the pin v is tobe liberated from it by being raised but with it it can only be liberated by falling be-. low and passing out on the under side of the wheel, the lever being gradually raised thereby until the pin 0 .comes in contact with the shoulder 10, which will stop the motion of the eccentric-whcland its shaft. The wheel and shaft will then remain stationary until the lever u be raisedso as to lift thepi'n 'v'over thecatch w, and this will be done by. the first round pin in the type-wheel which strikes the end of-thc lever, the round pins in the type-wheel striking the end of the lever at 3 as thetype-wheel revolves. On this being done the said scrollwheel and shaft will revolve the distance between the shoulders 14: and m, and the pin 1: will then engage with the shoulder a, and the-motion of the wheel and shatt will again be stopped. As above stated, the pin can onlybe extricated .from the shoulder w by fallinghelow it andpassing out on the under side but this it cannot do while the type-w-heelis ll] motion, for as the lever is prevented from fallingsuddenly' by the hydraulic -regulator,'and as the pins successively strike theend of the lever 3 the lever is kept up and the pin '0 rests against the shoulder .1: until the type-wheel is stopped.

When'the ti-'pe-'wheel is stopped the small bent end of the'lever falls betwee'n two of the round pins, the pin 11 at the. same time falls "below the shoulder a: and onto the circumference of the scroll-wheel nearest its center of motion, and the wheel and shaft 72. revolve, lifting the lever until the pin 1; again takes against the shoulder w,-as before. The shaft 1; is thns'caused to revolve when the typewheel is stopped, bringing the paper-cylinder in contact with the type by. meansof the cocentric-and connecting rod before described.

Fig. 13 of Sheet I of the drawings is a vertical section through the hydraulic regulator used to regulate-the motionot the lever u, above described. It consists of an exterior glass vessel, a, which should, be made watertight, and when in operation nearly filled with water or other suitable liquid. Within this,

glass vessel, and fixed to the bottom thereof, is asmall cylindrical vessel, b b, with holes in the sides, through which water may pass. At the top it isfianged, as ate '0, with a screw c'nt in'its outer edge, on which is. screwed watertight 3. frustnm of a cone, d d.

eis a guide properly supported near the upper end of the cylinder b b. In this gnide'works the spindle ot' a puppet-valve, f,'which valve isseatedonthe shoulder a c. g is'a hollow plunger working through the top of, the valve-chamber d d. To'the top of this plunger is attached a. rod, :4, which extends out through the neck of said glass vessel.

The piston or plunger may be solid or hollow; but it is better tohave it hollow in order that it may be light. The sides of the valvesteel in the coil remains stationary.

type, and the letter is printed.

chamber dd converge toward the top. .The piston or plunger should work loosely in the top of the valve'chamber d .d, leaving a space between the two snflicient for water to pass in small quantities.

The operation of this hydraulic regulator is as follows: When the plunger 9 is raised by the lever to, attached to the rod 2, as described, the ater passing throughthc holes-in the side of thecylinder b b raises the valve f, and the chainberd dis filled with water. When the piston or plunger descends the water which it displaces passes between said plunger and the sides of the chamber 11 d, in which it works, and ss'this' space is small, permitting thewater to escape slowly, the plunger must descend very slowly 'but having'no resistance to overcome, except'the .weight of the plunger, it'can ascend rapidly, and thus, in connection with the'pins', regulates the motion of the lever to, .as above described. 1 I

- In operating with my contrivance as awhole the following are the diflerent stages or pro, gressive step, from the touching of a key to the printing of the letter correspondent with thatkey, the description being given so generally that it can be clearlynnderstood by the aid of the foregoing, but not so much in detail as to introduce unnecessary, repetition. The first thing to be done is to see thatthe battery or batteries are in working order, the circuit properly connected, and the clocks orweights wound up, and thecharacters on the type-wheel angularly or in angular position, correspondent with the pins on the key-shaft-that'is to say, when the pin of key A touches that key then must the type A be opposite the printing and paper-governing cylinder; and this adjustment may be made by the two operators when certain predetermined signals are made, such as by oneof them knocking any given'nnmber of times on any predetermined letter-key, and the other then shifting his type-wheel until such predetermined letter is repeatedly printed by such repeated knocks. Thesepreliminaries being adjusted, the clock of the composingmachine is sufle'red to start. The key-shaft will start with it, andas the. revolving part of the circuit travels contacts will be, made and broken and the type-wheel will revolve step by step synchronously and through equal arcs with the circuitrwheel. When. any letter is desired to be printed the operator presses down" its key. The key-shaft stops when itcomes in proper angular position. So doesithe revoi vin g. part of the circuit; and circuit is maintained broken. or closed so long as the key is held down. The spring that carries the ieces of.

he clock and escapement which it .controls stops, the type-wheel also stops, thelever connected-with the hydraulic regulator falls, the clock or prime mover actuating the printing-press startsor begins to act, the paper is brou ht up to the hen the key is permitted to rise the-key-shaft again cornpieces of steel in the coils moves up and down and permits the prime mover to move the escapement, and as the latter vibrates the type-wheel again moves step by step through thesame arcs in the. same times that the revolving portion of the circuit does. When another key is pressed the printing =isrepeated, in the manner as before explained, and when that key is released the revolving part of the circuit and the type-wheel again commence to revolve synchronously.

. Now, by such mode of operation, it will be perceived that the printing apparatus is per mitted to act sometimes by the power of the spring when circuit is broken, sometimes by the power ot'electro-magnetism overcomingthe spring when circuit is closed; and this feature is important, as it increases the rapidity of working when contrasted-with the plan formerl'y proposed by others, in which printing took place only when circuit was closed and the feature of permitting the prime mover to print at the breaking of the circuit is, I' believe,

' new with me By my mode of operation it will also be per ceived that the prime mover, which gives motion to the rotating part of the circuit, is i always in operation, and not alternately both stopped and started at the printing of each letter. I have now described the mechanism and arrangelnent thereof suflicient to transmit intelligence from the place at which the composingmachine is stationedto the place at which the printing-machine is stationed; but it will be din rtaut to reverse the order of such communiea ion. between the same points or places, and this may be done by having one composing-machine and one printingmachine stationed at each place or point and connected said eircuitof. conductors atthe most distant place or termini, as described.

When a message is about to be transmitted it may be necessary for the person tending the composing-machine to give notice of the same tothe person tending the printing-machine by an alarm. This is effected as follows: F of Figs. 3 and 4 of Sheet I of the drawings is a hell, and it its knocker or ham mcr, attached to the frame by a spring at the lower end. In the side of 'the eccentric wheel E is a pin, 1), against whichthe'handle of the hammer rests. When the eccentric wheel revolves this pin 9 the bell, thus making a stroke and giving an alarm at each revolution of the eccentric. When the-opcratorat the printing-station has .been thus notified the hammer may be held or not equivalents of those described by me. 7

- I claim as of my own invention- 1. A series of keys each. corresponding to .acharacter, incombination with a'revolving rt of a circuit, so that the touching of one of the former may cause circuit to be broken or closed for thepurpose of printing, substantiallyas specified, when the revolving part of the circuit is in a certain'required angular po; sition properly corresponding to the keystruck'.

2. Aseries of keys, each corresponding to--. a'character, in combination with a revolving portionof a circuit and a shaft provided withv pins arranged in a helix, all substantially such as specified, or the equivalentsof the whole, acting to cause circuit to be broken or closed when the revolving part is in a certain angu lar position, in proper correspondence with the key strnck,;for the purposeof printing a proper corresponding letter by means of any suitable machinery.

3. A- key-board or series of keys, in combination with a rotating portion of a circuit and a type-wheel or its equivalent so governedas to'present a proper letter corresponding with a key touched to produce an impression, the combination being substantiallysuch as set forth.

4. In combination, a single circuit of condoctors, (a key-board or series of keys, a, re-' volvin g portion of a' circuit, and a t vpe-wheel,) substantially such as specified, and these also in combination with-a printing-press and with a key-shaft, or either of them,*each part being substantially such as described.

5. A series of keys, each corresponding to a character, in combination .with a type-wheel having similar corresponding characters. both substantially as specified, when so connected by any appropriate devices that a certain type shall be in a certain locality"=when a corresponding key is actuated, and these. two elements in combination with a single circuit-0f conductors and with a printing apparatus, or either of them. a v

6. Actuating or driving arevolving portion of a circuit or a key-shaft, or both of them, by means of a prime mover acting upon them through a friction-connection, the mode of operation being substantially as specified, and doing away with sudden jars and increasing lifts 'the hammer and permits it to fall upon rapidity of operation, when contrasted with a positive connection between such parts and a prime mover, and also permitting the two to move with varying velocities.

7. Actnatingor driving a key-shaft and a revolving portion of a circuit, or eitherpf them, by means of a friction-connection with a prime mover, when the velocity of such prime moveris controlled byagoverner or-some equivalent for the purpose which, either prewent's its moving too fast or increa'ses its; ve-' 'locity when going too slow, or performs both these duties substantially under the mode of operation described. I

8 Governing or controlling the motions of a prime mover which actuates a printing apparatns by the breaking and closing of an electric'or' galvanic circuit, so that such apparatus is put in operation both by the breaking of a circuit and the closing thereof, substantially in the manner specified, and also the control lingof a printing apparatus, so that it shallbe ermitted to pri t when a spring returns to' its normal position. at the time that a circuit is broken, the'mode of operation being substantially such as set forth. r

9. Inaprinting-telegraph, movin g. the paper to the-types to produce an impression on the former, substantially in the manner described, as distinguished from former modes of operaition, by which the types were moved, toward the paper. l

10. In combination, a revolving type-wheel and a roller or itsfeqni'valent charged withv coloring-matter, so as to deposit such matter on the types as they in succession comein con-- met with the roller, the combination being substantially such as setforth, and this I claim also when the roller is grooved, as described.

11. Beingaw'areot the factsthattype wheelshave been permitted to revolve step by step when controlled by escapements, and when such escapements have been actuatedeither by a prime mover governed by a pendulumorby electric magnetic force, I claim actuating an escapement which controls the motions of I a type-wheel by a prime mover whose motions are regulated by the breaking, and closing, of a circuit under a mode of operation s'ubstam tiall y such as described,whereby a small force derivable from magnetism controls anynecessary power of a prime -mover,-there beinga breaking and a closing of circuit correspondent with each-vibration of the escapement.

12. A hydraulic regulator snbstantially'such as described, and for the pnrposesfiset forth.

13. A hydraulic regulator, in combination with a type-wheel and a printing apparatus and a prime-mover, tbecombination being substantially as specified, and causing the press to print when the type-wheel ceases to a move for a longer time than usual.

.14. In combination with a type-wheel and a a printing press or apparatus, apparatus, sub

stantially suchasspecified, formaking an alarm.

when that apparatus is permitted or caused to act by the breaking and closing'of @the same circuit of conductors, which, by its breaking and closing, perm its the printing apparatus tocome into, action.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub scribed my name December 27,- 1858. ROYAL .nonsm In prescn'ceof I GERARDUS'O. KING,

Mn'rvmw. V. Bless.

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