USRE745E - Improvement in machinery for grinding paper-pulp - Google Patents

Description

-f 4Specificationthrilling of 'the vat.

. UNITED v"STATES PATENT Genion.

Josnrn kisesLaNn, JR., or manners, new Jensen.

lMPaovi-:MENT iN MACHINERY Fos GPtiNDiNGLPAPEn-PULP.

part of Letters Patent No. 16,5239, dated December 16, 1856; Reissue No. 715g dated.

June 28, 1,859.

TofiaZZ whom itin/'ay concern: n

Be 1t known that. I, JOSEPH KINGSLAND,

f Jr., of Franklyn, in the county oi Essex and Stateof New Jersey, have invented cert-ain v y newand usefulImprovemcntsin Machinery for Grinding Fibrous Substances intolulp Suitable"`i`or Making Paper; and I do hereby declare Figure l isla .'erticalrsection oi' a stuit'- engine on my iinl'iroyed plan; and Fig. an

elevation of one side of the saine, with a part of the outer ,case cut away to represent a portion of the inside. f

The saine letters indicate likel parts in ell l .the tigures.- y

The` stock froinwhich paperis made usually consists of rugs, although in some instances fibrous substances lwhich have not been worked into fabrics are employed' for this purpose, but, whatever the stock may be, the

fibers usually vary in strength and infinenessfv 'lhese librous substances in the process of manufacturing them into paper are. reduced to what isknowu as pulpby grinding` or, x Iathebeating them in water.4 `The process 4by. which this is accomplished' is usually worked. in ktwo machines, teifiiie'd, respect- 4 ively, the washing-engine and the stuft'- vengine. 1n the former (the washing-engine) the ragsl or other fibrous substances are cleansed and rough-ground, andat'ter under! going this partof the process are termed half-stuit, 'and the fina-l process of grind- 'lng the half-stuft into pulp suitable for making paper is worked inthe stniiengine.

This stuft-engine consists of au annular trough or vat-in 'which a current of Water, with the haltstuii' tobe reduced topulp floating'therein, maybe made to flow around.A This vathas a fixed grinding-bed or concave placed across the bottom thereof and occu py: ing'only a portion of the Vlengthof the circuit Over this bed is mounted a ro'- tating cylinder, leaving anarrow space between the two, through which the water and fibers can pass. and of the cylinder are 'armed with blunt steel knives working in the manner of shear-blades,

but not passing by each other in actual con- The surface both ot the bed i tact like shears, nor as sharp, asY the object is to bruise and tear rather than to cut the fibers.

portion ot'the machine, and they also perform the otice or function of feeding in the material to their own grinding or, rather, beating` action, and of ,discharging it. They form, as it were, a partition across the troug'lror` vat, so that the water with the bers lheating iu it cannot dow around in tbeannular trough without passing;` betweenl them, the` current of water being induced by the rotation vot' the cylinder, the knives on which strikethe water and the tibers suspended iu it and force them through the space between the cylinder and bed. riIhis establishes a current around in the annular vat, which continues whilesthe cylinder is in motion, and keeps the whole mass of between the knives until the fiber ris reduced to pulp ot' tberequircd iiueness. It necessarily follows from vthis mode of of procedure or inode of operation First, that theannul ar troughor vat mustbe of suicient capacity to contain at `oucefall l the stuft to be Worked, and hence that itniiist occupy a considerable area in a factory.

Second, that at any one time there `Ais but a small portion ofthe circumference of the cylin der actually performing the function ot' grinding, vizi., a portion equal to the segment of the bed, which must of necessity be but a small part of a circle, or the stuit' could -not pass around. y

Third, there is no; feedingr in of the stuit' to the action of the grindingsurt'aces other thauwhat is induced bythe rotatinof the cylinder; hence there must be a limit to the too high a velocity the centrifugal force would repel the stud' and lprevent the feeding in. The limit of velocity is about two hundred revolutions per'minute', a velocity' far below that which could be given andA still 'mantaiii' an efficient grinding,I action onthe fibrous sub. stances, thus requirin g a much larger number of engines than would be necessary-to do a given amount of Work iffthecyliuder could al e by efficiency of grinding action.

to be acted upon by the knives until the. hard- This bed and cylinder constitute the grinding,lr

fibrous substance passing` repeatedly through velocity of thdfcylinder, for 'if rot-ated atA be rotated at the maximum velocity limited ourth, the whole of the stui' must continue y est,boarsest, and most refractory fibers are reduced to therequired degree of lineness, in consequenceof which the finer, softer,and less refractory fibers are too much reduced, thereby i illducing a serious waste, and want of regularity in the pulp and in the resulting paper. The leading objects of' myinven'tionare,

fiist, to dispensc withthc annular vatherctofore employed, thereby saving much room;

second, to render efficient the whole or nearly the whole surface ofthe grinder,"thereby"1 greatly increasiugthe effective capacity' of 1 the machinery employed; third, to separate the feeding action from the grinder, so that t-hc velocity of the grinder may be greatly increased without thereby stopping the feeding in of the stuff; and fourth, separating the `discharging action from vthe grinder. And

these improved results I have accomplished l by my invention, whichv consists in combining the rotating grinder, or equivalent therefor, with ay close surrounding case or vessel, the i inner surface of which is suitably formed or' armed with teethto constitute the opposing grinding-surface, and which is provided with a feeding-tube and discharge-aperture, the

eeliug in or supplying of the fibrous subi stances to andv through the grinder being E effected by ythe hydraulici pressure of' the deseeiulng'columnfof iwater and fibers.

By reference'to the accompanying drawings will be morevfuylly understood the construction and operation'of the stuff-engine which I havel invented for and prefer to use in carrying into effect my improved process. It consists of a bed-plate, B, which supports two standards,AA, and a hollow cylinder, C, whose dif ameter is equa-l to about four times its length.

`ln aline with the avis of' this cylindtul a shaft,

D, is mounted in bearings in the heads ofthe standards AA. In a bracket, c, en thc outer standard, A, and in a boss atthe middle of' the outer head, d, of' the cylinder c, set-screws b are placed in a line with thc axis of' the shaft D. The object of these set-screws istoi permit the shaft l) to have' ai regulated amount of end play in its bearings for, zr purpose which wilkpresently be described,

or to adjust it for any special purpose atI heads and` periphery of' the cylinder afreespace for a current ol'water and rags, half'- stufl', or paper-pulp to flow through. 'lhc inu ner surface ofthe heads of' the cylinder and 'thc sides ofthe disk arc groovcd in the usualV manner of' metallic grinders, or Atluyniay be armed with teeth oriknives of' 'any suitable kind for working fibers into pulp; An'orxfice is made. in each ,head of' the cylinder. lThe pipe, F, with a tank above containing the ready to be ground into pulp. With the oriiceintheinner head, df, a pipe, G,is connected, which conductsof' to a proper receptacle the pulp discharged from the machine. l

The operation of the engine is as follows: Rotary motion is communicated to the shalt D through the pulley near its middle, and the setscrews b are so adjusted as to alow the shaft to have sufiicicntl end play to permit the disk E to run freely from end to endA of the cylinder C, to grind close at either end or open at both, as may be required, or if it should so happen that the liberis ofunif'orni strength and homogeneous, the disk E may be fixed in one position by the set-screws b, as represented iu Fig. l of' the drawings. The mix'ed fibrous substance and water may now be let into the feed-pipe F from thel tank above, and thc hydraulic pressure will force it into thecylinder through the space e between l the disk Vand the outer head, d. round thc periphery of the disk and through the space i j' to the orifice of thedischarge-pipe G', where it will leave the cylinder, and entering the discharge-pipe will pass through the same into any suitable receptacle.

The centrifugal action of theA disk will cooperate with the hydraulic pressure. to cause the fibrous substance to pass from the feedorifice, where the motion of the disk issltW l and but little grinding takes place,l toward the f periphery, where the motion is greater and y the grinding energetic; but when the current L of water and fiber turns the periphery'lof the and enters the space f on tlie'opposite I sid l tarded'by thc centrifugal action ot' the disk.

yThis retarding force acts with thc greatest effeet upon the largest fibers, while those which have been most reduced are carried by the current of "atcr'to the discharge-aperture, atving the coarscrfibcrs behind until ysufhntly reduced. ln this way the reduced fibers are with rawu from the action of .the

further reduction. This separation 0f thecess of grinding is facilitated by the increased mobility which they acquire by reduction.

depends .upon the hydraulic pressure on the feed and Ithe 'speed Vwith which the disk of the. grinder runs, while the rate of feeding depends upon the pressure alone. l Y v I n case a knot'or lump of' fiber should be fed l into the grinder, thc'diskwould yield, moving toward the side opposite the knotqto allow the knot to pass freely toward the jlieriphcry, where it `will be quickly reduced by the ener-i. getic action of' that part of thc griinlcr. Whi this reduction ofthe knot or lump is going on1 orifice iu the outer head, d, is connected by a' fibrous substance mingled with water and ,its passage to the discharge-orifice is re- I grinder, while the coarscrfibcrs are 1cft`-fforAv` finer from the coarser fibers during the pro?? he fincness of the grinding,it will be seen,

- the feed side and crowd 'litgrequires, more grinding nt the feed side ofthe grinder, both the feedthat, instead of thei 1` bythe knot i thgln their lengths, their lengths ing and discharge are diminished By this yielding ot' the crowding over the revolving di'sk against the greater vdischurge-ilpcrture.

disk all dun ger ot' clogging is avoided, und, at i the sume time, the flow of.un1.1;roundtlher` through the grinder is liber is tender und ensily reduced, it will flow l freely through the grinder, und occupy 4hut littlemore space ou the feeding than on the discharge side`ot' the disk; but', if the ber is tough und grinds slowly, it will 'accumulate on discharge side, retarding the u discharge, the 'strong ber heilig in this way mdijeeted to, gis

prevented and, it the i or otts'o frusta ot' cones l or, instead ol' being of n conical or spindle' the disk over to the achine is one which l have devised l l lng my process 1inxf'o eli Aiyiiv'ous to the skill n; yif skilled in the 1 ital i might he wnstrncted y o \,\or1{;t his pro- .v l f t. ,would be very numerous indeed, -und It would be impossible eventoy euumerule them wlthin the proper limits of n speeiliention. 'I will', however, mention such which l ,hure contemplated.

diameters being grenter 'might he than their diameters, und the periphery ot euch might be armed with n grindingsurface, levin g the ends ot both armed or unduced in such manner ns to give to them the proportions of the middle section ofn spindle, united buse to base;

i'orm, these 'parts muy he mude spherical.

'hut 1 elnim us my invention, and desire to secure lrvl'ietters Iutent in nme'hiner for re a ces to pulp suitable for dueing lihrons snhstnn 'ivlilih und' iiielosed in :t surrounding ease J fwhich constitutes the opposing grindingsur i'nee, and which isprovided with u. feedingpipe und discharge-aperture s'nitnlileior leed-l ing or euri-ying the tihrous sulistunc-,es to und "-l'roln the grinder in the inclosed vessel by the hydrnulie pressure ol' u descendingcolumnot' 1 u'uter, ns set l'orth.

Theeylinder 'und rotntingdisk might-hc elongated in the 'direction of their' axis, so y- .'IOSllll KINGSLAND, JR.-

M'ituesses: 1 WM. ll.llisnor, ANDREW DE LACY.

din-meters of the ends ofthe re- I. volving und holloweylinders might be re-`

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