USRE744E - Ximprovement i in the process of grinding paper-pulp - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES JOSEPH KiNGsLANn, Jn.,'oF FRANKLIN, NEW Jnnsnr;

jlMPai/"EMNT IN THE-PaQoEss OFGRINDING Picena-Pol.AP',y n

Speciicaticn thrilling part of Letters Patent No. 16,316, dated December :23; 1856; licissue No. 744, dated ,-l y .lune 28, 1859 y .l

To all whom it maycoiwerm' Be it known lthat I, JOSEPH KINGSLAND, Jr., of Franklin', in the county of Essex and State ofNew Jersey, have invented a new and useful process of 4grinding tablegmatterl in water to pulp for the manufacture of paper, of which the following is a full,-clear, and exact description, reference l being had to the accompanying drawings, which make part of this specification, and in Figure 1 represents a vertical section of a beating or stuli'engine suitable for carryinginto elfct my improved process. Fig.l 2 represents an elevation of` one end', and

Fig.3 an' elevation of the otherend, of: the

same.` i Y The stock fromwhich paper is madeusuall y consistsof rags, although in some instances fibrous substances which have not been worked L intofabrics are em ploy'ed'for. this purpose; but

whatever the stock may be the bers usually' varyin strength and in iiueness. These fibrous substances in the lprocess of manufacturing them'into paper are reduced to what is known as pulpl by grinding,.or rather beating, them in water. The process by which this is accomplshed is'usually worked "in twov machines,

termed,respectively,thewashing-engineand the stud-engine.v In the former-thewashing-enginef-the ragsor other fibrous substanc es are cleaned and rough ground, and after undergoing this part ofthe process are termed half-stuii; and the tidal process'of grindiu g y the halfstuifi'nto pulp suitable for making paper is4V worked in the stuff-engine. This stuff-engine consists of an 'annular trough or vat, in which a current' of water, withv the halfstutf to. bereduced'to pulp floating therein,

may be made to-tlow around. 'Thisvat has a xed grindingv bed or concave placed across t-he .bottom thereof, and `occupyin g only a` portion of `the'v length of `the circuit -of the vat.

.Over this-bedis mountedarotating cylinder,

leaving-Ta narrow space 'between' v the two through which the water and bers can pass. The surfaces, bothgofthebed and .of the cylinder, are-:armed with blunt steel knives working in the manner of shear-blades, but not f passingv by each vother-jin Yactual contact, like shears, norfasf sharp, as the" object is to bruise Vand tear,zrather than tolcutgfthe 'bersl. c This 'fibrous vege-y land of' dischargingit. T-,hey f orm, as it were, a`pa1rtition across the trough or vat, so that l the water, with the fibers tloating in it, cannot flow around in the annular trough without Y passing between them', the current o t'water being induced by the rotation ot' the cylinder, 1, the knives of whichstrike the water and the tibers suspended in,it, and forcethem through the space between the cylinderand bed. This i establishes a current Varound in the annular substance passing' repeatedly through bel pulp of the' required fjneness. l l

It necessarily follows from this inode of prog cedure"v or mode-ot'operatiou-' tween the knivesuntil theliber isrcduced tov vat, which continues while the cylinder is in g motion, and keeps the whole mass oftibrous l First. That the annular trough or yat must be of suicient capacity to contain at onceall the stui' to be worked, and hence that it must occupy` av considerablearea in the factory. l Second. That at any one time there is but lcylinder actually performing the function :of 'gridding-v-iz., a portion equal to the segment of the bed, which mustot' necessity be but a small` part of a circle, or the stuff couldnot Apass around.l i l Third. There is n o feeding inof the stu ti' to what is induced bythe rotation of thel cylinder; hence their must .be a limit to the velocity of the cylinder, for if rotated at too high a of velocity isabout two hundredl revolutipns per; minute-.a velocity far. b clowthat which could begiven, and still maintain an eicient grinding action on the 'fibrous substances,

gines than would be necessary to do a given amount of work if the cylinder could be rotated at the maximum velocity, limited alone.l by efficiencyl of grinding action.

.to :the I required degree of lineness, in consea small portion ofthe circumierenceof the velocity the centrifugal force would repel the y stuft' and prevent the feeding in. The limit' thusreqniring a much largernumber of. en

v Fourth, .Thewholeof the stui'rnust cont-inne I to be acted upon by the knives until the hardest 'j coarsest, and'most refractorybers are reduced. f

the action ofthe grinding-surfaces other than Y ciently reduced, but notbefore.

` linewith the axis of this quence of which the ner, softer, and less re-"l fractory bers are two much reduced, thereby inducing a serionswastc and want of regu- E larit-y in the pulp and in the resulting paper. l The leading objectsof my invention are, first, to dispense with the annular vat heretoi fore employed, thereby y-'aving'much room; second, to render eicierit the whole or nearly .f the whole surface' of the grinder, thereby greatly increasing the etlective capacity of the l machinery employed feeding action from the grinder, so that the velocity ot' thepgrindcr may be greatly in v creased without thereby stopping the feeding .in of the stntl`; a ml,fourt h` separating the dis- 4charging aci-ion from the grinder. And 'these l improved results I have accomplished by my improved process, which consists in subjecting the fibrous substance suspended in water to the grinding action within a closed vessel, and .f'

supplied thereto bythe hydraulic pressure of 1 a descending column of the water containing., such tibroussubstances, and permitting it tov l escape therefrom so soon as the ber is antii-v By reference vto the accompanying drawings will be more full y understood the construction tiii`d'opera.tion of the stuff-engine which l have invented for and prefer to use in carrying into',i effectmy improved process. It consists of a. bed-plate, B, which supports two standards,A\ g A, and a hollow cylinder, C, whose diameter is equal to abort four timesits length. In a; cylinder a shaft., D, is l mounted in bearings in the`head of the standards A A. In a bracket, c, on 'the outer standard A and in a boss at the middle of'theouter head, d, ofthe cylinder C set-screws `b are placed in a linewith the axis of the shaft D. lThe ob-y ject of these set-screws is to permit the shaft D to have a regulated amount ot' end-pla-y in its bearings, fora purpose which will presently be described, or to adjust it for any special purpose at any given point within the range of'l its end-play. Thisshaft passes through Y astuiing-box, S, on the inner head, d', of the i cylinder C, and projects about two-thirds ofthe way across the space within the cylinder toward its outer head, d. On this project-ing end i, of the shaft D a disk, E, 'is secured at right angles with the shattaud concentric with it l r id thecylinder or case. This disk is somewhatless in diameter than, and in thickness abouti-half the length of, the interior of the cylinder, heads and periphery of the cylinder a freel space for a current of water and rags, halfstuff, or paper-,pulp to'fiow through. .The intice in the-:cuter head, d, is connected by a pipe,

'.lj, withatankv above, containing the'brons substance mingled with waterand ready to be third, to separate the through the s pace e,

ried by aperture, leaving the coarser fibers behind nnfor further reduction.

,1 of grinding is facilitated -grinder runs,

so as to leave between itand the i fed into the grin/der,

` l allow the knot to y per surface of the heads of the cylinder and ground into pulp. With the orice in the inner head, d1, a pipe, G, is connected, which conducts ,off to a proper receptacle the pulp discharged from the machine.

The operationof-the engine is as follows: Rotary motion is communicated tothe shaft D through the pulley set-screws b are so adjusted as to allow the j shaft to have suicient end play topermit the disk E to run freely from end to end oftl.e cylinder G,to grind `closeat either end, or at both, as may be required; or, if it should so happen that the ber is ot' uniform 4 strength and homogeneous, the disk E may b e fixed in one position bythe set-screws I), as represented in Fig. 1 of the drawings.. The mixed brous substance and water may be now let into the feedpipe F from the tank above, draulic pressure will-force lit into. -the cylinder between the disk and the outer head, d, round the periphery ofthe disk 'and through the spacefto the oriticc ofthe discharge-pipe G, and, entering where it will leave the cylinder, the vdischarge-pipe, will lpassl i through the same into any suitable receptacle.

The'lcentrifugal action of ythe disk will coj operate withv the hydraulic pressure to cause i the brous substance to pass from the feedorifice,

where they motion of the. disk is slow and but little grinding takes place, toward the periphery, where the motion is greater and the grinding energetic; but when the 'current ofwater, chargedV with ber, turns the periphery of the disk and enters the space f on the opposite side its passage to the discharge-oril ce is retarded by the centrifugal action ot' the disk. This retarding force acts with the greatest eit'eetfupon the'largest bers, while those'whichhave `been most reduced are carthe current of water to the dischargetil vsufficientlyreduced. In this way the reduced bers are withdrawn from the action of the grinder, 'while the coarser bers are left Thisseparation ofthe finer from the coarser bers during the process bythe increased mo bility which they acquire by reduction.

The neness ot the grinding, it-will be seen,

depends upon the hydraulic pressure-on theA feed and the speed with which the disk of the while the rate of feeding depends upon the pressure of-the descending column alone.

`In 'casca knot or lump of ber should be the disk will yield and move toward the side opposite the knot, to pass `freely. toward the periphery, whereit will be quickly reduced by the energetic action of'that part of the grinder. While this reduction of the knot or lump is going on at-.the feedV side of the grinder, bothvthe feeding and discharge Vare diminished by the knot crowding over the reyolving disk against the discharge-aperture. By` this. yieldingof the disk all danger of clogging is avoided,-\and at the same time the near its middle, and theY and the hyflow of unground liber through the grinder is prevented, and if the ber is tender and easily reduced it will flow freely through -the grinder and occupy but little more space on the feeddischarge, the strongA fiber being in this wayA subjected to, as it requires,- more grinding action than the weaker ber.

This machine is one ywhich I have devised for carrying my process into effect; butit will be obvious to the skillful mechanism, particularly if skilled in the artof'manufacturing paper, that the modifications of machinery which might be constructed to Work this process would be very numerous, indeed, and it would be impossibleeven to enumerate them within the proper limits of a specification. I will, however, mention such as I havel contemplated.

The cylinder and rotating disk might be elongated in the direction of their axis, so that instead of their diameters being greater than their lengths, their lengths might be greater f volvingian-d lhollow-cylinders might be reduced in 'such manner as to give to them ,the proportions of the middle section of a spindle, or of two frusta of cones, united base to base; or, instead of being of atconieal or spindle form, ,the'se parts may be made spherical.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is-

1. The process,substantially as herein described, of reducing fibrous substances to pulp, suitable for making paper, while such fibrous substances are suspended -in water, by subjecting them to the operation of grinding or beating action in a closed vessel, to which it' is supplied by the hydraulic power of va descending column of water so charged with the fibrous substance, and permittingit to escape and be discharged so soon as it is sufficiently reduced, substantially as set forth.

2. Separating the fibers from the mass so soon as they are sufficiently reduced, and discharging them by the hydrostatic pressure of the column of water iu which the -fibers are suspended, and which, in flowing-upward to the discharge, carries with it only the bers which are suiciently reduced, substantially v y as described. than their diameters, and the .periphery of; each might be armed with a grinding-surface,

JOSEPH KINGSLAND, Ja., NVitnesses y WM. H. BISHOP. ANDREW DE Libr.

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