USRE67E - detmold - Google Patents

Description

Dn. U A. rr yU D En N. 0 VA W Reissued Jan. 23, 1845.

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W.. VON F. Du FAUR.

Ressued 1an. 23,71845.

Inve-ntor.

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' UNiT-ED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

`c. E. Duri-ioni), or NEW Yonx, N.. Y., AssieNEn'oE W. VONEABER DU EAUE.

.IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE 0F GENERATNG AND APPLYING HEAT.

Specification forming part o f Letters Pnient No. 2,558, dated A pril 1U, .1542; Reissue No. 67, dated I January 23, 1845'. I

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that WILHELM von FABER DUv FAUR, of 'Wasserallingein in the Kingdm of W iirtembcrg, did invent anew and useful 1nvention` for Generating and Applying Heat;

and I do' hereby declare-whatthe following is a full andexaet de'scril'ition.v

In all blast and other-- furnaces employed in? the manufacture of ironand other metals a large quantity .of combustible gases, principally consisting of the earb'onicoxide gas, is

generatedand escapes uneonsumed out of the furnaces. I-haye may be appliedwith great advantage rin the manufacture'of iron and other metals, to the heating of steanr'bOilers, and ever a-high temperature is required. I eollect these combustible l'gases from blast, cupola, and other furnaces or fire-places, or from furnaces constructed for'th'e express purpose of producing them, and conduct them to the other 'furnaces or structures heated by them, where their combustion isv effected by 'mixing with thein an adequate quantity of heated fair in numerous small streams under a pressure greater than that of the atmosphere. This may be done by forcing the heated, air through apertures in the sides ol pipes or otherl apparatus, but is best effected by forcing it amidst the combustible gases through a system of blow-pipes. Thus the oxygen of the atmospheric air becomes thoroughly incorporated with the combustible gases,'so that their combustion is at once complete-l y effected and'aheat produced suieient- Iy high-forany kind of manufacture.

-My `invention therefore consists, iirstrfin'fa' -newzmode of'obtaining-and collecting carbon i-oxideand other com bus-tible gases from Ablast and other. furnaces yor fire-places, or from furnaces constructed for the express purpose -of second,.i'n a newinode of effecting the perfect combus'tion of the gases so obtained. 'l

Having thus generally stated the character of my invention l will describe more particudiscovered and invented a' new inode of employing these otherwise lostA gases usefully, and of producing by their com-. bustion -amost-,intense temperature, which` of the generally Wherthat are to be v valve or larly-its application to the inanufactureof iron.

In 'the first placeI will describe the mode of obtaining the gases fromA a blast orsmelting furnace, reference being had to Plate No.1 of the annexed drawings.- Figurel is a vertical section through a blast or smelting furnace. Fig. 2 is a 'horizontal' section of lthe same through the line an a a a aa a are six openings or recesses vin-` the inwalls or linings of the furnace, which are made at or near thatpoint of the furnace Where the .limestone employed as aiux iseom-A pletely calcined,and the reduction or de0xi- (la-tion of the ores has not yet commenced. This p oint will generally be at about one-third heightof the whole furnace below tunnel-hea,d, or twjo'fthirds above the bottom stone. The recesses ct u ct a a a. communicate, by means ofthe passagesor tlues b b b b b b, with an annular reservoir, C O, that surrounds the whole ofthe inwalls of the furnace. The 'pipe or duct D D communicates also with the reservoir C C. The resista-nce offered to the escape of the gases out of thetop of'. the furnace lby the iuass of coal,. ores, and flux above the openings a c -will cause a large portion of the gases to f ioW intothem and to ascend through the fines or passages b bl G, whence they are cou-- into the reservoir C ducted by the pipe D D to the furnaces' that require to be heated. The reservoir C O is constructed of fire-brick, or maybe constructed of ironi It -hasisix openings, e e, immediatcly over the passages orfiucs b b, which are kept closed by platesrof ironiso` arranged that they may be conveniently removed for the purpose of allowing the reservoir and flu'es to be occasionally cleaned-from the dust that collects inithein. .The pipe DVD is provided 'with a gate,`F byl which theadmission 'of the gases -to-the'furnaees 4Where they are to be used may be regu-lated. Theinumber and size of the openingsto be-"made inthe furnace de. pend on its general dimensionsand .the-quan ti-ty of gases tube-.drawn off.. Aless number than six will ininian'y instances be foundsur, cient; nor is the reservoir 'C C for collectin the gas in all cases necessary, inasmuch as the insertion of a pipe into the side of the furnace at the proper height will generally aford the requisite quantity of gas for the heating of a single furnace, or for heating the boiler ofthe blowingengine, or for the hot-blast apparatus.

I have used other modes of collecting and drawing ofi' the combustible gases from blastfurnaces-as, for instance, by inserting an iron cylinder into the top ofthe furnace. This cylinder should be sufficiently long so that its lower edge may reach down to the point indicated above as being the'most proper for drawing off the gases. The diameter of this cylinder should be about two feet less than the top o f the furnace, thus forming an annular chamber between the outside of the cylinder and the inwalls of the furnace, which chamber must be closed on top. The blast-furnaceis charged through the cylinder, which must be kept full, or nearly-so. Thusthe gases will ascend intoi'the annular chamber orreservoir,

whence they are conducted in a similar man# ner. as above described to the furnaces or -ether structures that are to be heated by them.

This. mode of drawing off the gases is exemplitied in Figs. 1. and 2, Plate III. The inode.

first described above, and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, Plate N5.' I, I have found, however, the best in. practice. In cases where there is no blastffurnace from which the combustible may .be collected, aseparate furnace must be builtor the purpose of generating the combustible gases from any kind of fuel. This furnaccmay b'e constructed somewhat like asmall blast-furnace or cupola, which is to be flledr Qwilh fuel, and suiiicenta-ir blown into'it to produce the requisite quantity of combustible gases, which are conducted thence, in a similarv manner as that above. described, to the furnaces thatare to be heated thereby. This mode of generating combustible gases isillustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, Plate No. III.

Secondly, -I proceed. to describe my invention for effecting the perfect combustion of the.

gases afterhaving-been obtained in themodes above described, and for the purpose of explaining this part of my improvements mo'rfe fully I will 'describe' its application to s. furnace for puddling or decabonizng iron, it being understood that a similar arrangement of parts is applicable to all other processes in' the working and manufacture. ofV iron, or any other purposes requr ring ahigh'temperature. Fig. 1, Plate No. 1I, represents a longi tudnal vertical sect-ion of a puddlng-furnace.

Fig.f2, Plate No.. II, isa horizontal section. Fig. 3, Plate No. II', is a vertical cross-section through the line a: w. Fig. 4, Plate No. II, is a vertical crosssection th ro ugh the line y y,sho`w ing the arrangement of the pipes for heating the air. 4Pig. 5 is a front view'of the furnace. A A is the gaschar'nber, into which the com bust-ible gases are .conducted by means of the' pipe-D l). (See Plate I, Fig.` 1.) It is best .made of cast-iron, but may also be built of brick, and extends entirely across the end of .so placed as' to incline the furnace. In the front or side toward th`-l l'iearth there is an oblong horizontal opening aa a', of the same dimensions as the iirc bridge, `through which opening the gasc:4 stream into the furnace.

B B is a cast-iron air-chamber, into which the hot blast is brought through the pipe p p.

Itis attached to the back ol" the gaselnnnher A A by means of a flange and screws. The aschamber A A has an opening correspomllng exal ly to the size of the airrhamher li l, hom wh ch issue a system of six or more blow pipes, b' b' b' b b.,b, made of wrought-iron,

and slightly tapering toward the |nuth,wliich is flattened a little, the horizontal diameter being .about one and 'one-halt' inch and the vertical'dianieter three-fourths inch. These blowpipes are riveted upon a piece of sheetiron, and interposed between thehot-air chainber B B and the back of the gaschamber AA.

They are made long enough to project about half an inch through thegaschaniber, and are t lslightly downward to the hearth of the furnace, the same as the firebridge C C', for the purpose of throwing the ame more directly'upon the metal under operation. The fire-bridge()l G' is made'much longer than in ordinary furnaces, so as toallow the combustible gases and the streams o f heated air to .become thoroughly combined bei] fore reach-ing the hearth where theme'talis worked. The length of the fre'-bridge is -in some measure regulated by the pressure ofthe blast used. `Two f eet will generally-be found Sucient; but with. a verypowerful blast t`wo and one-half feet, and' with a blastof feeble pressure one and one-halt' foot,will be an tl'e.- quate length cf'tire-bridge.

` -D D is the main chamber of the furnace, where the metal is worked. 'Its dimensions are the same as in puddling-furnacesot` ordinary construction. The hearth or bottom is constructed of cast-iron plates, the sarne'as in "thelcommon paddling-furnaces.

H is .the throat or fine of the furnace. K is the working-door; I isa door through which the pig-iron or fine metal is charged upon .the further end of.

the hearth for the purpose of heating it bythe waste vheat 'before charging it. on the .main hearth. f

.P PP P is asys'texnofhbt-air' pipes placed in the chamber L L adjoining the stack E, and

communicating with it by means of4 numerous openings,l"l' l l',left in the brick partition that separates the chamber from the stack. The burned gases, in ltheir passage out of the stack,

communicate sufficient heat throughthese openings tothepipes to heat the blast to the required temperature-say ,from 300 to 500 Fahrenheit. The pipes P P communicate with the hot alr chamber B through the pipe P', which is .provided with a, vali'e, 0, for. the purpose ot' regulating the quantity of air ior the combustionof the gases.

E is the stack through which the burned tion of the fuel, and consequently a most important economy in the same, and the avoidn ing of al1 smoke; third, diminished loss of metal from oxidation in the different processes of working iron or other metals.

Having`thus fully described m'y invention l and improvements in generating and applying heat, I proceed to specify more partienlarly what I claim as my invention and improvements- 1. The collecting and drawing off the combustible gases, chiefly consisting of carbonio oxide gas, from blast and other furnaces at one or more `points below the top of the fuel in said furnaces, substantially as set forth in the above specification, for the 4purpose of employing said gases, instead of other` fuel, for the heating of alljknds of furnaces used in the various processes of manufacturing and working iron and other 'ietals, and for the heating of steam-boilers or' any othery structures requiring a hightemperatnre.

' 2. The above-described mode, or any other substantially the same, o f generating combustible gases from any kind of fuel in separate furnaces or chambers, and conducting the same to other furnaces or structures that are to be heated by the combustion of said gases.

3. The above-described mode, or any other substantially the same, of forcing through a system of blow-pipes, 0r in lany other convenient manner, heated air in numerous small' streams and under a pressure greater than that of the atmosphere, into the said combus tible gases in the furnaces or structures where the saine are to be used, for the purpose of producing by the rapid and intimate mixture of the heated air with the combustible gases their immediate and complete combustion.

In testimony whereof I, the said CHRISTIAN EDWARD DETMOLD, subscribe my name, in the pressure of th-e witnesses Whose lnames ara hereto subscribed, on the 8th day-of January, A. D. 1845.

` O. DETMOLD,- Assz'gne qf Am'. -Von, Faber du Futur.4

n presenee of T110. CHAMBERS, l' R. B. GoLUMM'.

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