USRE61E - Improvement in machines - Google Patents

Description

57. TEXTILES, SPINNING,

TWISTING AND TWINING. Q4 U a *Il 7. TEXTILES, Twlsizrac serrare, Ano maine.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

MOSES DAY, OF ROXBURY, MASS.\CHUSET1`S.

Specilcal'ion forming par! of Letters ['nlent No. 1,550, (lated April Lil), lhlfl; Nuls-.sm- No. 6l, lair-d March 13, 1F41.

To all when it may concern:

Beit known that I, Mo'sns DAY, of Roxbury,

l in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts,l have invented new and .useful improvements iti-machinery for preparing and spinning hemp ahd such other fibrous materials to which the'saidV improvements are applicable. of which the following is a specitication.

These improvements, the principles thereof, and manner in which I-have contemplated their application, by which they may bedistinguished from other inventions of a. like character, together with such parts, improvements, orcoxubinations I consider as new and claim to be of my invention and discovery, I have hereinafter set forth and described, which description, taken in connection with the aec'ompnnying drawings, hereinafter referred to, compose my specification.

Heretofore it has been customary to pre pare hemp previous to its being spun by haekling it or otherwise straightening and separatingits fibers. rlhese operations require much manual labor, and consequent expenditure ot capitsl invested in the manufacture of ropes.

Like th'e generality of inventions, the obJ eet of that 'specified is the reduction of manual power bythe substitution of machinery-therefor, particular-ly in the process of preparingthe hemp or other ibrou's material for spinning..

Myimprovemcntsare represented in the gures ol' Plates 1 and 2, the former of which exhibits an orthographical projection or top view of the same, as' shown in Fig. 1, and also an elevation o f one side of the machinery, as seenin Fig. 2. Fig. 1, Plate 2, is a longitudinal or central section, while Fig. 2 shows some of the psrtsjn detail for the purpose oi better elucidating the arrangement of the Whole in combination.

A A. A A .throughout the different views represent the frame-work, which may be constructed ot' wood, iron, or other suitable niaterial, and formed in any other manner to support the operatingparts thereto attached. il is a fast and C'a loose pulley on a cross-shaft, D D, Plate 1, Figs. 1 and The belt F, Figs. .1 and 2, 'Plates 1 and 2, from the driving-power passes over one or the other of these said shalt l to revoli'calso.

leys, G H, are attached to the shaft D D near its other end. Around either of these, at pleasure, a. belt, I, passes to and around a pulley, K 'or L. on a shaft, M M, Plate 1, Figs. 1 and 2, and Plate 2, Fig. 1. The shaft M M revolves in 'suitable bearings, E E, and has a cogged pinion,'N, (see Fig. 1, Plate 1;) affixed near its outer extremity. The teeth of this cogged pinion engage with those ot af cogged wheel, -0, on the extremity of ahorizontal shaft, P P, Figs. 1 and 21 `Plate 1, and Fig. 1, Plate 2. The shaft P has a'cogged pinion, Q, Fig. 1, Plate 1, placed thereon, whose teeth engage with and set upon those of a cogged wheel, 1t, Figs. 1 and 2, Plate 1, and Fig. 1, Plate 2, situated onthe 'end of another. shaft, S. There are three shafts, S, T, `and U, upon which the drums V W' X are situated and revolved by the motions/of these shafts.

As these drums vor 'hollow' cylinders and machinery to. operate the points will be particularly described hereinatter, I now proceed. in the description -of the connection of the pulleys, belts, and geared wheels, which put the drums in inotiou. The shaft S has on its other extremity (see Fig. 1, Plate 1) a set of pulleys, YY Y, of different diameters, as represented in the drawings. From either ot' these said pulleys a belt,Z, passes to and around its corresponding pulley of another series, a a a, axed on the end of another shalt, b b, the said shaft beingr represented in Plate l, Figs. land 2, and Plate 2 Fig. 1, revolving in suitable boxes or bearings, e. A pinion, d, on the shaftb b (see Plate 1, Fig. 2) engages with Vand tuns a. cogged wheel. c, on the extremitv of the Shaft T. and of course causing A set of pulleys, fff, Plate 1, Figs. 1 and 2, is placed on une. opposite extremiiy of the shaft T. From either ot' these pulleys, at pleasure, a belt, g,

passes to and around a corresponding pulley of another set, h h h, on a shaft, i 1'-, (sec Flate 1, Figs. 1 and 2, and llate 2, Fig. 1,) thus communicating motion to the said shaft. 4'lhe motion is thence continued' to the shal't U hy means of a cogged pinion. k, on the shaftt' 'i\ engaging with n. cogged wheel, l, on one extremity-of the shaft U.. A large pulley, m., Plate l, Fig. 1, is placed on the other extremity of v4the shattlf. -From this pulley a belt,

puileys, according t0 circumstances. Two pul' I n, passes to and around a smaller pulley, o,

57. TEXTllES, SPiNNiNG,

Search Room atnxed on the end of another shaft, p, Eig. 2,

Plate 1, thus communicating motion to said shaft p. The feeding roller or cylinder q is Aplaced on the shaft p, having directly over it another andl similar roller, r, whose shaft a s .has its journals resting and turning in bearings tt, formed in the levers uu, Plate 1, Figs. 1 and 2. The fulcrum of each of these levers is in the top of a standard, vv. Weightsare tobe hung on or near their other ends, in order to produce sufficient pressure to enable the rollers to draw the hem-p or other fibrous mate' rial from the quantity to be spun and feed the machinery with the same.

Having thus described the machinery through which motion is communicated to the different cylinders. rollers, &c., of that portion of my invention whose office is to pre-v pare the fibrous material or reduce it to a suitable state to be spun into yarn, Il now proceed to explain the construction of the drums or cylinders V W X, and their mode of operation on the hemp or flax. Each of the said drums, it will be. perceived by inspection of Plate 1, Figs. 1, 2, and Plate 2, Figs. 1, 2, consists of a hollow cylinder, W, attached to tvo circular disks -or plates, a: x, these said plates being placed on and fixed to a central. shaft, S, T, or U. Thus when said shaft is Ent in motion the hollowcylindrical drum W' caused to revolve on its axis. Each of the sha-sB T U passes through .and turns in a hollow shaft 'similar to .that .shownat y z in Fig. 2, Plate 2. These hollow shafts are sta' tionary-or fixed at' one oteachof their ends by being secured or otherwise. properly' connected to the boxes aa'. At each of the other extremities of thehollow shafts y z, and directly in front 'of the disks x z, grooved cams b b are aiixed, of the shape represented by red lines in Plate 2, Fig. 1, and partly by black in elevation and section in Fi .2, Plato 1, and Fig. 2, Plate 2. The cylindrical 'ends c c of metallic bars d d are also inserted in the eccentric grooves e e of the cams. The bars d d are also placed and move'in slots or rectangular spaces f f, formed in or'cut through the disks or plates z tr. Each of the barsd has a series of metallic points, g g g', dac., affixed' thereto. which radiate through slots or long spaces h h', formed in the periphery of the drums, as seen in the different drawings. These metl- -lic 'points or teeth vary in their lengths, those near the center of the drums being longerthan those near the sides ofthe same, the object of which arrangement will be more particularly specified hereinafter. Now, from what has 'been described. it will readily be seen that when the drums V W X are putin revolution the metallic points 'gf g g 'must advance and recede alternately, or, more particularly, y while they travel through the' circular space i'j' into the eccentric portions jlthey recede from the circumference of the cylinder until4 thleyenter within the periphery of the drum, and remain so while they travel in the portion receive as the L 1'; thence through theeccentric part l i they are advanced until they reach again the circular part of the groove i j. Now, suppose the hemp or other fibrous material to be entered between the feed-rollers q r, and received upon and by the metallic points of the drum X, as represented by the blue arrowsin Plate 2, Fig. 1. The circumference of the drum X, moving with a somewhat greater velocity than the surfaces of the feed-rollers, draws down (a very little) the hemp during' its passage over its-upper surface toward the drum W, whose lower points then advance to oinis of the drum X recede and leave it. he motion of the periphery of the second drum, W, being increased above that given to the circumference of the drum X,causes the fibrous material to be drawn out a second time during its passage over the under surface of the cylinder or drum W; thence from W it passes to and over the drum V to the regulator m, and from said regulator to the spinning or twisting part of the machinery. The velocity of the periphery of the drum V. isalso increased above that of W, so as to draw the material down a third time, and asit departs from the cylinder or drum V, in its passage from thence to theregulator m, the points of this cylinder are caused by.

the eccentric grooves of the cams to recede almost immediatelyfrpni the hemp, and leave it free to pass through the regulator'. It will likewise b e observed that the teeth near the extremities of the drum disengage from the hemp before those nearthe center of the same, thereby facilitating the formation of the roying,l which the peculiar' shape and construction of the' regulator m (to be hereinafter described) is calculated to produce.

The above constitutes the description ofthe construction and operation of that part of my improvements whose object is the final prepa- 'ration of the fibrous material for the process of spinning.

I will now proceed to describe the improvements in that part of the machineryl which twists andspins the fibers into yarn. A beveled wheel, n, -Plate l, Fig. 1, placed on the shaft D, communicates motion to another shaft, 0f, through a beveled gear, p. From thence motion is given to the flier gf b y means of a belt, r', passing from a large pulley, s', on the shafto', to and around a pulley, t, attached to the neck of the fii'er, as seen in the differentl drawings.

The construction of the flier q and bobbin ,u will be readilyfunderstood by inspecting the drawings.

My principal improvement in this part of the machinery consists in the mode ot' vibrat ing the spindle and retarding the bobbin to cause it to take 'up the yarn as fast as the same is spun or twisted. The spindle v has a pulley, w', affixed thereon, from which a belt, m', passes' to and around a cylinder or drum, y, Plate l, Figs. 1 and 2. passes'froni the other end of the drum to one or the other of thepullevs a b. A groove. c',

Another belt, z,-

Figs. l and 2.

Vstaple Ia b* causing the slide F. inwhieh it isis eut in the circumference of the pulley b'-. l and a fork,` t?, inserted therein, while at its i other enti it is screwed or otln-.rwiseltixed to the framework A A. The object of the fork is to hold the pulleys a b" in the same situation during their revolutions. rl`he pulley ai' is a little less in diameter than the pulley bi. A 'small dog or forked piece of metal, c2, isarranged in propel' supportsfi, which are properly attached to the side of the pulley ai, its forked end being inserted between the threads ofa common screw, g, formed on the spindle u. Thepuliey aA2 is a little smaller in diarneter than the pulley w', while the diameter of the pulley b is a little larger than that of 'ic'. From this it follows that when the belt z' is thrown over the pulley ai *he rate of its revolutions is somewhat increased above that of w", andV therefore the eleet would be, as this pulley is kept in place or in one position during its revolutions. to cause the small fork e" to travel in the'groove or between theth reads ofthe screw, and by so doing to press the spindle forward until the fork arrives at the I termination of the screw. 'lhen if the beltz' is shifted or, thrown upon ihe'pulley'if, a. reverse effect will be produced, andthe spin dlc forced back until the fork reaches the oppositetermmation of the thread of the screw gi. The changing ot". the belt z from 'one pnlley, a, to the other, b", is thus produced. A forked lever, h, (see Plate 1, Figs. l and 2, au'd Plate 2, Fig. 1,) turns on a' fulcrum or support, i, (s'ee'Plate' 2, Fi'g. 1,) attached to the lower side ofthe upper Pross-tie of the framework. One end, ji, receives or straddles the` belt, while theopposite end is connected by a clasp or staple, l, with a slide, I, llate 1,.

rfhis slide moves longitudinally Aa short distance, and is supported in staples or grooves, 'or in any other proper manner. An artn,m'', projects downward from the spindle, with its end resting on the upper sur face of the slide' l1. Non', when the spindle reaches either extremity a 0+ u1 of the long staple n2 o, the arm m? will press against said arranged, to move longitudinally a sufficient distance to throw the belt z from one pulley to the other, as the case may be, and reverse the action of the small fork e" on titthread of the screw g.' A weight, p, is placed on the top of a rod, rf, which rod q't rests at its foot in a step formed in the top of the cross-beam 1", as denoted by dotted lilies in llatc 1. Fig. 2. .The rod q is also connected by a proper joint (so as to 'oe easily inclined to a certain distance one side tothe other of a perpendicular line) to the edge of the slide l'. The object of this weight and rod is t0 cause the action of the slide l" and its forked lever on the bell s', when the arm 'm2' is travelirig back after it-reverscs the action ot' the fork c on the screw g. This it 4effects by the pressure I it. exerts against said slide when shifted to one side' or the other of a perpendicular, A groove-d pulley, a, is lixe'd on the spindleY l `through the gage to the draw-rol1ers.

A strap of metal, i?, passes around this pulley and traverses at u2 on a rod, e". A. small screw, rc, with a nut, mi, serves to clamp or draw together the ends ot' the strap t2, so as to cause it to bind upon the periphery of the pulley s", and produce a sufficient friction thereon to cause the retardation of thebobbin, to. enable it to ake or wind up the yarn as the ae is spun or twisted by the flier. It

' will oe seen that the spindle is dragged around 0r revolved by the thread, whose strength is sn'icient to'eiect the same.

lo enable the cross-head gf of the spindle to traverse freely backward and forward, I place small rollers z zIl ineach extremity.v where the ends of the cross-heads clasp the flier-bars. Should these bars be expanded by centrifugal force du ring the rapid revolutions of the hier, they will meet and rest against the rollers z zi, and thus these rollers answer ,the double purpose of diminishing friction and preventing too great an expansion ofthe liierbars.

The next and probably most essential part of my improvements is that portion of them whose office is to regulate the size of the yarn; and to prevent also any knots obunehes of the hemp-or other material from passing tov the drawing-rollers a b, and being twisted up into the yarn by the operations ot' the spinning machinery. resented by dotted lines iu plate 1, Fig. 2, is fixed on' the-end of the shaft- M M outside, of t-he eogged pinion N. The teeth of the said wheel communicate motion to another cogged wheel, d, on the end of'the shaft e by means of the intervening eogged whcelf. Another horizontal shaft, g3, is situated directly over and parallel tothe shaft these two shafts being geared together by a small gear on each, as seen by a top view at n". The journals of the upper shaft,g", revolve in suitable bearings in the levers i i, as seen at j ji. The fuleruin of each of thelevers il is at one end, k", as seen in the drawings. )Veights are to' be hung on these levers in order t-o produce a suitable degree ol' pressure en the y.-.rn as it passes between the draw-rollers a b3, the former of which is ou the upper shaft, g3, and the latter on the lower shaft. The regulator ai is shaped with branching or curved sides, l I", (see Plate 1, Figs. l and 2, and Plate'2, Fig. 1,) so as to receive the fibers as they leave the points and concentrate them as they pass This gage consists of two wedgeshape pieces of met-al, m a, placed one above the other, as represented in section in Plate 2, Fig. 1-. They are pressed together' by meansola bent spring, o, (shaped very much likethelettcr U,) clasping the end ot the regulator. One-half of a conical chamber, p, is l'ormed in each of the pieces of metal m n, as represented in Plate 2, Fig. 1. The regulator m isattaehed to the top of a long rod, (j, Flute l, Figs. 1 and 2, and Plate 2, Fig. 1, whose lower extremity is properly attached to 'a horizontal shaft, 1",

A geared wheel, e, as rep-l 'Search ROO" resting in boxes or bearings s. Abent lever, q, is placed on the end ofthe shaft r. Its l upper end is forked, and clasps or receives' the bent end of another lever, u. The lever u vibrates laterally on a pin orbearing at v, its opposite extremity, w, being forked, as represented in the elevation. Plate 1, Fig. 1, and inserted in a groove, r, of a clutch, y, tted loosely, but' secured so as only to be moved laterally on the'shait P P. A small pin or dog, 2*, projecting from the side ofthe pinion 'Q and entering into one of a series of holes drilled in the side of the clutch y,serves to connect the clutch to the cogged pinion Q, and thus while the regulator m remains in t-he position shown in the drawings the pinion Q isin connection with the shaft P; but when the said regulator is drawn forward the bent lever t, moving with the shaft rf, presses on the bent end of the forked lever u,causing the said forked lever to press outward the clutch y', and thus disengage the pinion Q and shaft P, thereby stopping its action on the cogged wheel R, and consequently the'action of all that portion of the machinery whose otce is to prepare the iibrous'material. Aweight, a, is placed on the other arm of the bent lever t', so as to serve as a sufficient counterpoise. to carry back the regulator mto its previous-position. v

From the above it will be perceived that should any portion of the fibrous material be unevenor. twistedv in to knots or bunches when such portions pass into the regulator between the' piecesA of metal m* n', they will adhere t-herei-n,so that the drawing-rollers, acting 'on the material, will draw the regulator forward, and thus stop the action of the` whole of the preparative part of the vmachineryjuntil the said knobs or bunches arereduced and pass th rough the regulator, which, being accomplished, the said regulator will return back to its former position. Agaimit will be observedthat this mode of regulating or preventing the accumulation of bunches; differs from all others heretofore invented, inasmuchxas the knot or bunch in all or most of them is suffered to pass between. ,the-drawing;- rollers. which s'erve'only topi'nch.' o r retain it until the twistingl power'of the flier overcomes the force of retention and draws the knot (in genera-l but partially reduced) from between 'the draw-rollers, twisting it into yarn'. .Again, this detention of the knot bythe draw-rol1ers causes a much greater number of revolutions ofthe flier on the yarn-intervening between it and the draw-rollers than on other portions thereof. The tendency is therefore to reduce the diameteroi' the yarn, renderingit uneven and irregular in size.

From the above it would appear evident that such machines are' an injury .rather thanv a benefit to the process of ropemaking,as -the grand desideratuin is to so twist the fibers to. gether that when laid into a rope each shall have an equa'. strain or tension. In my mode of regulating by .the above described machinery, these objections are all obviated. The bunch or knot is properly reduced in the regulator by the'draw-rollers continually operating nd drawing forth the material in proportion to 1'the quantity re- 4quired by the spinning apparat-us.

The advantages resulting from the abovedescribed arrangement of machinery, both in thesaving of labor and the quality of the manufacture, will be readily apparent after learning the principles and mode of operation, as above set forth.

In the first. place it will be observed that should the hemp or fibrous materialto be spun in this machine be passed vthrough the usual preparative course of hackling,&c., the quali-ty of the rope formed' of the yarns will he much superior to that of the major part now manufactured, while'a very fine quality of the .manufacture would be produced iff a part of said hackling process were dispensed with, leaving the remaining part tothe effectual operation of the severaLdrums andthe machinery 'connected with, the same. Again, the roving produced by the combined operation ofthe drums and regulator forms a muchbetter Iyarn or thread than b'as heretofore been made, inasmuch as the quantity o f'hemp com-- posing the same is controlled bythe hand of the operator alone, which, it will be admitted, is but an imperfectregnlator.

The improvement in the mode of vibrating the spindle and bobbn is too palpable to requirel further comment, and the great saving of manual labor will be apparent when it is stated that one operative can superintend ten or: twelve machines, itbeing only necessary to supply the drawfrollers with the wide sliver of hemp, (so termed.) leaving the machinery to complete the operation.

' -The proportionate motions or revolutionsof the severaldrums X W V, for -hackling or s separating and straightening the fibers of the hemp as it passes along to the spinning machinery, have been particularly alluded to in the foregoing description, and it will be perceivmi that the combination of the said drums having the'. proportionate motions specified, with the diei-',and-bobbn, gives or imparts t'o the apparatus thecapacity or power ot' spinning directly from the :wide s liver= of hemp, it being necessary only, as before suggested, to place the said sliver between he feed-rollers, which one operative cando with facility for several machines;A

Another and very material advantage se cured by the above specified combination is that'it allows the bers to be drawn down easily, uniformly, and without breaking them, and if a bunch of tow or unprepared hie-mp' should pass the feed-rollers-as it frequently 6l li uoes, and is freely permitted to do in my apparatns, the hackling-cylinders clean, straighten, and loosen the fibers of the same and distribute them evenly through the sliver, which cannot be performed by any other machine, as every other kind of apparatus which has heretofore been devised will either break the bers or'permit 'the knot or lump to pass along and be twisted into the strand or yarn.

The last advantage which I shall mention as possessed by my machine over all others by reasonof the aforesaid combination is that it' tbe hemp 'should not be suiiiciently or properly prepared or hackled after being passed through the usual preparative process,

this combination of the drums with the ilier will complete the wor-k before the sliver. passes to be spun.

Having thus completed the description of the principles and mode of `operation of my machinery, I shall nowvvproceed to specifically point out those parte I elaim as my invention and hold to be original and new They are as follows:

1. The combinat-ion of the revolving drums and several rows of teeth with the machinery within thesaid drums for operating the several series of teeth or metallic points, the whole of theahovepecied machinerybeintgconstl'net seription of my' invention I have hereto -set edaud'operatingsubstantiallyin ie manner ami n the princi ies hereinboveset ferm..

2. The mechanism for preventin "the icon mulation of knots. or bunches or de ects inthe roving, the ssine'consisting of the' peculiar appantustermed the regulator 'narrsnged se as to be moved 'between the drum' V and liar combination'of mechanism, consisting ofthe regulator 1n,on the rod q, the shaft r, the' bent lever t. on the said shaft, bent lever a', and clutch if, on the sliaitl? P, as herein described.

J5. The employment of a sin'glethreaded screw,`g, on the spindle,.and the combination of the Vscrew g, the fork e?, (attached to the side of the series of pnlleysab,) belt a', pulley w', and drum y',th'ewhole being constructed and operatingsubstantially asabove described, and for the purpose of imparting areoiproeating rectilinear motion to the spindle and bobbin.

Ill testimony that theforegoing is a true de-v mssignatnre this 30th day o f August, A. D. 1

M0813 DAY. Witnesses:

R. I I. EDDY, Crus. L. Pxeir.

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