USRE4690E - Improvement in steam-generators - Google Patents

Description

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Improvement in vStem Generators.

N0. 4,690 AlReissuedlanu?,1872..

UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE.;

JOHN B. ROOT, oF NEw YORK, N. Y., AssIcNoR, EY MEsNE ASSIGNMENTS,

' oF ONE-THIRD INTEREST To THoMAsc. M. FATON.

IMPROVEMENT IKN s-'lrrAM-e.ENEl-m'l'ou,4

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 74,146, dated February 4, 1868 reissue No'.'4,(v)82, datedl July I.

26,1870; reissue No. 4,690. dated January 2, 1872.

To all whom `it may concern: v Be it known that I, JOHN B; ROOT, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers ,and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact descrip* tion of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawing.

In 4what are called watertube steam-boilers .-that is to say, steam-boilers the waterspaces of whi ch consist of horizontal or inclined tubes and in whiohthe upper tube or tubes furthest from the lire, or the upper portions of some of them, may constitute steam-spaces-some better provision than has heretofore been made is necessary for obtainin g dry steam by separati u g Vfrom the steam the water that is carried up by or with it to the steam-room or steam-drum. It

is to make such provisions that is theprincipal object of this invention; and, with thisend in View, the invention is based upon the fact that a gas and a liquid mixed together in thevform of foam will separate from each otherV by the gravitation of the liquid, if sufficient time be afforded for the purpose; also, that the separa, tion can be hastened by retardin g the passage of the mixture and allowing the steam to asf eend. l v

My invention consists of certain constructions and combinations ofthe parts of a water-tube boiler, of which the most important is the construction of the up-take for the steam from the Water-tubes of van ascending series of chambers connected by passages ofsmaller sectional area than that of the chambers, so that the ascent of the foaming .mixture of steam and Water tending to issue from each tube is-restrained, the Asteam and water tending to cs-l cape through the passages is retarded, and time is aiorded for the separation of the steam from the water during its upward passage through the up-take. VThe said constructions and combinations are specified at the close of this schedule; but in order that my invention may be fully understood VI will proceed to describe a steam-boiler in which it is embodied in the best form known to me at the date of my original application for the patent.

Figure 1 in the drawing represents a longitudinal vertical section of a boiler; Fig. 2, an

rend view thereof, with a portion of one of the connected with each other at each end by meansy of connections forming passages, and connecting each tube with the oneabove and belowy it, whereby a circulation is kept up, foaming prevented, and the steam kept drier.

The ends of the boiler are constructed of series oi' plates or separate heads of square, parv f allelogrammic, or other form, a separate plate or head being fitted to each end of each tube,

and serving, by means of apertures therein, into which the connections are'ttedand secured, to connect the water-tubes with each other.

Such water-tubes are also placed in an inclined position to the horizon, so that the Water-line of the boiler may cross such tubes. With the main water-tubes there may be also cross water-pipesconnected therewith -by means of connections, as aforesaid, and arranged to communicate with said tubes, or cer tain of them, at their ends, the continuity of the tubes.

A A represent tubes made of, wsroughtiron. or other suitable metal, of any proper length, diameter, or thickness of metal, and of any desired number, arranged to lie one above another,` and of which there may be several series lying side by side, with line or air-spaces between them or around each of such tubes.- Such tubes-f are placed in an inclined position to the horizon, as shown in Fig. 1, sloping upwardly from th e rear toward and over the fire-place, by which arrangement the water-line of the boiler may cross the several tubes, and a portion of the internal space of such tubes, or ,of the upper series or tiers of tubes above the Water-line,

and thus constitute a steam-chamber.

at their opposite ends with independent plate or blocks B B, of square orparallelogrammio or without -breaking Such tubes A A are, each and all, secured or fitted other form, which form the heads of such tubes, and which, when combined and in `their places,

series, is established by means of the connections hereafter described. A[f preferred, the

tubes A A maybe of cast metal, with the plates or heads BB cast'thereon.

. To make or effect thecommul-iication between the tubes A A, each plate or vhea-dB B is provided or constructed with apertures b b of smaller diameter than the tubes, the one lying above the other; and around each of such apertures is made an annular socket, c, within which may be inserted an India-rubber ring, d, or other packing; and into these Isockets the ends ofthe connections() C are iitted, said connections connecting the upperapertureb at each end ofthe one tube A with the lower aperture b at the same end of the next tube A above, and being secured or held to their places i by clamping-bars D D lapping overA or on lugs oi' projections e e, and fastened by nuts and stud-bolts f connected with the plates or heads `B B, such clamping-bars being preferably so constructed and arranged as that anyone bar serves to bear on or hold two ofthe connections C C.

The connection above described of the watertubes and the connecting-pipes or connections .by means of socketjoints, inclosing packing,

etfects the double purpose of making the joints tight, and of permitting the tubes to move slightly in case of unequal expansion and contraction.

In Fig. 2 one of the connections is omitted and another represented as broken, to expose v the apertures bb and sockets c c toview. Grosspipes E E F F are Aor may be larranged above and below the tubes A 'A at opposite ends, which cross-pipes should be connected with the upper and lower rows of the'tubes A A, by or through connections C1 C2, connecting the nearest ot the apertures b of said tubeswith apertures gin a similar socketed mannerto that used with the connections C C, and .being similarly held or secured by clamping-bars and stud-bolts connected with the cross-pipes, such clamping-bars being arrangedto lie at right angles to those previously described, so that all the clampsor clamping-bars may be alike, a's also all the plates or blocks or heads B and connections C G and C1 O2, and likewise main pipes or tubes A A. By such similarity or duplication of parts there is secured'not only economy ofl construction, but increased facility is provided for iitting, changing, or renewing of parts, and extending or diminish in g, by increas ing or lessening the number oi' tubes, the capacity of the boiler at pleasure. By this construction,- also, it will readily be perceived that any of the tubes A A may be removedwithout disturbing the others. l

VThe connections, being of much smaller-caliber than the tubes A A, may be made light, and will be strong enough, when of cast-iron, to pre venahem bursting 'mediaset of orso'one than the tubes 4A A, while `theitubes A A, notgbein connectedV either with each other or the'crossf" pi pes enceptin g through the end plates o r heads' B B, are' not cut away or weakened,

It' desired, the lower arms or legs of the .con"^1,. nections may be made longer than theupperl ones, so. as to.adniit, in an inclined position off-l the boiler, as represented, of the ends of the` tubes AVA and their plates or heads B Blying -in a vertical plane.n Insome cases'the rippen-L E', of the lower cross-pipes m aybe dispensed with, the saine serving mainly as a bearer; also,

vwhere a steam-drum (shown in dotted outlines is not used, or under other circumstances, the lower one, F, of the upper cross-pipes may vlikewise be omitted, leaving the upper one, such pipes to answer as a steam-chest or drum and, indeed, both such upper cross-pipes 'F FV and the steam-drum may beomitted, as the upper ends of the upper rows of the main or water-tubes A A may, from theirinclined position, constitute of themselves a steamfchest or drum.

The boiler generally, at least at its sides,may

be set in brick-work or other setting; but its' ends, if desired, may be covered with sheet-iron or other jackcts'to prevent loss by radiation from said ends and the connection.

In such a tubular boiler each tube actsas an independent small boiler,`in whichsteam is generated, and theupperend of each tube'con stitut'es a chamber, in which the steam collects previous to its exit in an upward direction.

yThe steam, escaping from the chamber'of a 4passage from' each chamber to the one next lower tube and tending to pass upward, is'conducted by the connections finto the chambers formed by the ends ofthe tubes above that inwhich it is generated, so that said-chambers and the passages in the connections between#- them forni the up-take for the steam. The steam is generatedin such a boiler with great speed, foam is produced, and the steam tends to pass from the chamber at the end of the tube intimately mixedwith water. As, however, the

above is of smaller sectional area than the area of the chamber, the passage of the mixture of steam and water is retarded, the steam per` mitted to escapefrom the water, and the escape of the Water is obstructed or prevented. As this restraining tendency is in operation upon the mixed steam and water in each chamber,` by reason of the contracted passage leading to the one next above, the practical eect is that the steam tends to issue from the uppermost chamber unmixed with water, or in .a muchdrier state than it would do it' the up-take were of equal sectional area throughout.r y

I am aware that water-tube boilers have been constructed with a contracted outlet from the tubes into a receptacle. l therefore do not lay claim to a contracted outlet from the tubes into a general up-take for all the tubes or apart thereof. Neither do I claim in this division the peculiar features of construction here represented and described, which weremade the subject oi' another division and granted to me lin reissue patent N .4,0s3, dated July 26, 1870 but -What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure' by Letters Patent, is-

The construction of theteam up-takeefla water-tube boiler, of a seriesv of chambers arranged one labove another and connected by contracted passages, substantially as before set i forth.

Also, the combination, in aboiler, of a series of inclined Water-tubes by means of contracted passages, connectingthehigher ends of the L v'tubes' with each other, substantially as before "'set forth. l

Also, the combination of a series of Water- -tubes with a corresponding series of heads, constructed with exitapertures of smaller Vsectional .with each other by means of contracted 'passages, substantially as before set forth.-l

JOHN B. ROOT.

Witnesses:

H. L. -WATTENBERG, G. M.,PLYMPTON.

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