USRE4660E - Improvement in lamps - Google Patents

Description

HALvoR HALvoRso'N.

Lamp.

Ressued Dec. 5, 1871.

f am@ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HALvoR HALvoRSoN, 0E NASHUA, NEw HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNoR7 BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, To RUEUS S. MERRILL, WILLIAM B. MERRILL, AND JOSHUA MERRILL.

' IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.25,506, dated September 20, 1859; reissue No. 4,413,dated June 6, 1871; reissue No. 4,660, dated December 5, 1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HALVOR HALVORSON, formerly ofCambridge, Massachusetts, now of Nashua, in the county of Hillsborough and State of New Hampshire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamp-Burners, of which the following is a specification:

The main. object of this .invention is to burn with iiat wick hydrocarbon oils which are denser and of greater gravity than kerosene and other burning iuids of like character, and which are non-explosive in their character and therefore much safer than the last-named iiuids, and under certain conditions can be employed very economically in the production of light with alamp having a fiat-wick burner.

The conditions which I have found necessary for the burning of these oils are: First, two flat wicks placed each in a wick-tube of corresponding shape, the wick-tubes being placed with their iiat sides toward each other and at such distance apart as to leave a central passage, through which air may pass up between the two iiames which rise from the burning wick. Second, an air-de iiector or dome, arranged over the top of the wicks, and provided with a Single slot through which the products of combustion ofboth wicks must pass. Third, a lamp-chimney producingthe draught needed for the proper combustion of the oil, effecting the thorough intermixture with the two dames of the air passing up through the cenT tral draught-passage, and causing them to be drawn together and condensed at the slot in the dome, through which they pass in the form of a single iame.

To successfully realize these conditions I have devised a lamp-burner containing the following elements in combination, namely: Two wick-tubes with a draught-passage between them; an airdefiector or dome with a single slot, through which the flames from the two wicks pass in the form of a single flame; a chimney-rest, and other appliances for holding the chimney in place on the burner, and means for adjusting the wick,

steadying the draught, and attaching the burner to the lamp, substantially as hereinafter shown and described.

With a burner of this kind any chimney of ordinary or suitable construction may be employed;

and, indeed, the burner can be put into the market and sold like any other burner, requiring no special form of chimney differing from those already in common use.

My invention further consists of a lamp-burner in which two wick-tubes, with a draught-passage between them, are combined, with a single-Slotted deiiector, chimney-rest, and air-distributor capable of being removed from or applied to the remaining portion of the burner bodily together.

This feature obviates the necessity for unfastening or removing the lampehimney each time it is desired to have access to the wicks, as it admits of the group, consisting Vof the elements above described, being removed from the burner whenever desired.

A burner made in accordance with the portion of my invention just specified is adapted to burn not only heavy oils, but also rened petroleum or kerosene, and like hydrocarbons.

In burning fluids of varying densities it may be found desirable to provide means for varying the draught in accordance with the density of the iuid and the amount of oxygen required to support combustion. To this end my invention further consists in the combination, with the two wick-tubes, of a sin gle-slotted deflector, which can be adjusted to different heights above the wicks, and avalve located between the tubes for the purpose of regulating the'amount of air passing up between them to the flames, as hereinafter described. My invention further has reference to means for simultaneously raising' or lowering the wicks in the two wick-tubes; and to this end it consists in the combination, with the two wick-tubes,ofshafts and wick-raisin g pinions, arranged substantially as hereinafter described, so that the pinions on one shaft may gear or engage directly with those on the other, whereby the turning of one shaft will put the other in. revolution and both sets 0I pinions will be caused to operate simultaneously upon the wicks, for the piupose of raising or lowering them, without the use of intermediate gearing.

In the accompanying drawing I have represented one inode in which my invention may be carried into effect.

Figure 1 is a vertical central section of aburner made in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2;

is a like section of the same in a plane at right angles with the plane of section in Fig. l.

A is the screw-threaded 'base of the burner, which is adapted to be screwed into the top of the lamp in the usual manner. B B are two iiat wick-tubes, which are arranged with their flat sides toward each oth er, and with their lower ends extending through the base A. These tubes may be inclined with relation to each other, but in all cases there should be a space, b, left between them, through which air may pass between the iianies which rise from the wicks in the tubes `B B. Air is supplied to the interior of theburner through the air-distributing perforations in the side D of the burner, which serve to steady the draught and prevent the llame from flickering. Above the perforated sides of the burner are the chimney-rest u and chimney-holdin g device u', of any ordinary or suitable construction. A dome or air-deilector, E, of theusual form, is supported at the proper distance above the wick-tubes iu any suitable way, and is provided with a single oblong slot, Z, which is located just over the wi cktubes or the central space between them. The position occupied by the chimney when placed Yon the burner is indicated in dotted lines in `Fig. l. The course of the air which enters through the perforated sides and passes up on the exterior of and between the ila-mes is indicated by the arrows.

With an ordinary dat-wick lamp-burner havling a single wick-tube it is not practicable to successfully burn heavy hydrocarbon oils to produce a good illuminating flame. But with a lamp-burner having the elements above named in combination, a very brilliant light is produced with such oils, far exceeding in intensity thelight produced by the ordinary kerosene-burner, at a cost little, if any, in excess of that incurred in using the latter burner, and, indeed, at a less cost than required to produce, with such a burner, a light at all approaching in intensity the light given by a burner made in accordance with my invention.

When the chimney is in place and the wicks are lighted the air or draught passes both between and upon the exterior of the iiames. The central draught supplies to the'interior of the name the oxygen needed for perfect combustion, and the exterior draught, passing up between. the wicktubes and the deilector to the slot Z, forces togeth er and condenses the two iiames, thoroughly interminglin g the central draught with them, and causing them to pass through and appear above the slot in the form of a single flame of large size, having an intensity greatly in excess of the combined intensity of the iiames of the two wick-tubes were they separate or were they to pass each in the form of a single iiame through a separate slot formed in the dei'lector. The perforated sides of the burner are held to the base by screws h, or are thereto attached in any other suitable manner. The space between the upper part of the tubes may be closed for a greater or less distance by the side plates a, which, together with the iiat sides of the wick-tubes,form an air-chamber through which the central draught passes on its way to the flames, and, if desired, the upper end of this chamber may be closed by wire-gauze or a perforated plate, a', which will still further steady the draught. If it should be found necessary or desirable to regulate the supply of air passing up through the central draughtpassa-ge, l can employ avalve, (l, provided with journals c, supported in the plates a, which can be turned so asto enlarge or contract the opening through which the air passes up to the llames. For thepurpose of further regulating the draught, the dome or deflector E maybe arranged so that it can be adjusted up and down. An arrangement for this purpose is indicated in the drawing. The deiiector fits within the annular chimneyrest and is supported upon a rack-bar, i, which gears into a pinion, j, on a shaft, k, that passes out through the sides of the burner, as shown in Fig. 2. By turning this shaftthe detlector can be raised or lowered at pleasure. In the arrangement of the chimney-rest n and air-distributer D, shown in the drawing, these parts are made removable bodily and together from the base and wick-tubes. The support for the chimney-rest* the air-distributer in this case-lits around the upper part of the base, being held thereto by the clamp-screws IL, which nt in slots cut in thelower part of the air-distributer, in such location as to assure the slotted deiiector in its proper position over the wick-tubes when this group of elements is applied thereto. When these clamp- Screws are loosened the air-distributer and chimney-rest can be lifted off from the other portion of the burner, carrying with them the deiiector E also. The deiiector E partakes of their movement, inasmuch as, when the air-distributer and chimney-rest are being lifted off, a projecting-rod or piece, S, fastened to the air-distributer, and supporting the upper part of the rack 1', catches under the bottom of the deilector and compels it to follow the movement of the chimney-rest and air-distributer, and to be lifted off with them. Vhen the parts are put back into place on the burner the rack readily re-en gages with its pinion j. It will also be noticed that while the detlector is removable with the chimney-rest and air-distributer it can also be removed and replaced without disturbing them. The wick-raising devices consist ofthe shafts cf and pinions or toothed wheels c', these parts being of ordinary or suitable construction. In the present instance the shafts are arranged between the two wick-tubes, a-nd supported in bearings d formed thereon, the shaft f being supported on one wick-tube, with its wheels engaging, through slots f7, with the wick therein, and the shaft c being supported in like manner on the other wick-tube.

In order to cause one shaft to move in unison with the other and thus effect simultaneously the raising or lowering of the wicks in both tubes', I gear together the shafts, bymeans of one or more of the pinions or toothed wheels on one gearing or engaging directly with corresponding pinions on the other, thus effecting the object I have in view in a very simple manner, and without the use of gearing intermediate between the wheels which are mounted on the shafts. One of the shafts f is extended out through the sides of the.

burner, and is provided with the usual milled head, by which it may be turned. The revolution of this shaft will, ofcourse, cause the correspoil ding movement of the other, and both wicks will, therefore, be raised or lowered in unison.

Having now described my invention and the manuelY in which the saine is or may be carried into effect, I would say, in conclusion, that I am aware that two wiclctubes have been used in one burner, both in an inclined and vertical position.. I am also aware that it is not new to combine a double-slotted dome or deliector with two wicktubes, the .iiame from each of which passes up through the deflector through its own slot, and distinct and separate from the other. But Iam not aware that the elements hereinbefore iirst named viz., a sin gle-slotted deiiector, two wick-tubes, and

chimney-supporting and holding appliances` have ever before been combined in a lamp-burner in the manner herein described: and it is in this combination that the chief cha-racteristic of my invention is found, all of the three elements being essential to the realization of the object I have in view, I am also aware that it is not new to gear together two or more wick-raisin g shafts and pinions, so that, by turning one, all will be put in motion and revolve in unison; and this I do not claim broadly, or the arrangement of these parts, so that the pinion or pinions of the one shaft shall engage directly with a correspondii'ig pinion or pinions on the other without the employment of any gearing intermediate between the two.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a lamp-burner, of the following elements, namely: Two wick-tubes, with a draught-passage between them; a single-slotted detlector, through which the 'flames from the two wicks pass in the form of a single iiame; appliances for holding the lamp-chimney in place; and a screw-threaded base, substantially as herein shown and described.

2. In combination with the elements named in irrespective of the preceding clause, a perforated air distributer for steadying the draught, substantially as described.

3. A lamp-burner containing the following elements, namely: a screw-threaded base, a perforated air distributer, two lwick -tubes with draught-passage between them, a single-slotted deflect-or, appliances for holding the lamp-chimney, and means for adjusting the wicks,substan tially as herein shown and described.

4. In a lamp-burner lin which two wick-tubes with a draught-passage between them are conibined with a single-slotted cap or deilector, in the manner herein described, the combination, with said wick-tubes and the base by which they are carried, of the said deiiector, the air-distributer, and the chimney-rest, when arranged to be removable i'roni and adjustable upon the other portion or portions of the burner bodily and vtogether, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, in a lamp-burner substantially such as described, of the two wick-tubes and the valve for regulating the supply of air which passes between said tubes to the dames, substantially as shown and set forth.

6.' The combination, in alamp-burner substantially such as described, of the two wick-tubes, the valve regulating the supply of air passing' up between said tubes to the iiames, and the dome adjustable to a greater or less height above the wick-tubes, substantially as shown and set forth.

7. The arrangement of the wick-raising' devices, substantiallyas shown and described, so that one or more f the wheels or pinions on the one shaft may gear into or engage directly with a corresponding pinion or pinions in the other shaft, for the purpose stated.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. n

HALVOR HALVORSON.

Witnesses: Y

W. W. BAILEY, A. MOKEAN. (90)

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