USRE4603E - Improvement in ice-machines - Google Patents

Description

FRANZ WINDHAUSEN. heeH-- Improvement inwlceMachines.

ReissuedOct.17,1871-.

FRANZ WINDHALLSEN.

Improvement in Ice Machines.

Be'issud Oct- 11,1371.

I VYba Mvw' 4 Sheets S heet 3.

4 Sheets--9heet 4. FRANZFWINDHA USEN.

Improvement in Ice Machines.

No.4,603. Reissued 0ct.17,]871.

the cityoi' Brunswick, Germany, have invi-ntq-d certmnncwandusel'ul lmprovementsinMae-hin s freezingand cooling operations;

the accompanying drawin '3'.

employ a single double-acting cylindia', being in which it is expanded and cooled, and whence liquid to befro/cn, orpi esarcarranged through pose of being cooled.

UNITED STATES V cm PATENT OFFICE.

FRANZ WINDHA uses, or BRUNSWICK, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO noursseusm- DER, eHms'ri-A r T. BUDDECKE, AND JOHN A.BLAFFER ()F- NEWonL Ass,

LOUISIANA.

IMPROVEMENT IN ICE-MACHINES.

s am-non forming part of [letters Patent No. 101,198, dated March 22, 1610; reissue No. 4,603, dated Ottobcr 11 1871.

'Bcj-it known that l, FnANz'WmDimUsi-m, of

for Making Ice, which are also applicable to other and ldo hereby declare that the tbllowing is a full, clear, and ex- :wt description of the same, reference hein g had This invention relates to that. class of freezing and ice-making machines in which atmospheric air com 'n-esscd, thou-passed through a cooler, and afterward expanded again to re move the heat-or, in other words, to produce cold-but which machines havehitherto been limited in their cold-producing properties by the degree of expansion to which the air is subjected, and by the temperature of the cooling water employed. The invention has for its object the. construction of a machine of small compass, which, with one constant degree of expansion oi' the air employed, produces any requisite degree of cold,-and which degrce ot' cold can be regu' lated to the greatestuicety by the hand of the attendant bymeans oi graduated adjusting-valve mechanism. For the purpose of my invention 1 capable. of compressing the air in the chamber tbrmed on one side of the piston, and of expand ing it in the chamber formed on the other side; or, when two cylinders are employed, one is used for compressing the air and the other for expand ing it afterward. The air is at first admitted into the eoniprcssing-clnnulu-r, and thence, [or the purpose of being cooled, passes into a cooler, which forms amaterial part ofthe invention, and which is composed oftwo distinct compartments, one of which .is cooled by air Zllill iilt other. by a constant how of cold water. From this cooler it passes into theexpa-nsioii-chainber,

it escapes through a teniperatiire-regaintor of peculiar const auztion into the'reii-igcrator, 1n which, the vessels arc situated which contain the the; t1 an temperwhich air, gases, or,vapors'inay p i By means it aturc-regulator abovementioned ajpm m or the .air proeccdin" from the expansioil-chamber ma y be admitted into the cooler before ,nicut i'oncd' for;

be oi no further service-there, but is still at-a low tcm n-raturc, it passes through tliis'compartment' oi the [cooler for the same purpose on its way to the comprcssnig-chamber, 'aud'niay, previonsly to entering the compressing-chambcr. be

made to pass through one or more pipes surrounded by the running stream of cooling water, which afterward passes through the other compartnn-ut of the cooler, and thus may have a cooling eii'cct'upon such water. Having thus circulated through thc'machine, the same air is again admitted into the compressing-chamber, and the whole operation is repeated, thus keeping up a continuous circulation through the machine. .lhe cylindersL are titted with induction and cduction-valves, worked by eccentrics or tappets on the crank-shaft, which latter is connected to the piston so as. to be worked either by pmi'erol' by hand. In order to i'nainta-in an equal pressure of air in the refrigerator and condenser a-n expansion-chamber is requisite in connection therewith to serve as apressure-rcgulator. I have therefore presented sucha chamber, suitably'conncct-cd in the form of a balloon, made of vulcanized India rubber or other suitable elastic material, in connnunication'with the interior of the refrigerator, which regulator stretches out when the pressure in the refrigerator is greater than that of the atmosphere, and is contracted as soon as the pressure in thcrelrigcra-tor is less than that of the atmosphere; it is also desirable, should any deficiency of air occur in the ret'rigerat-or, that it be supplied automatically, and. also that the air so admitted be chilled during its induction; thereibrcthc refrigerator is further provided with a valve opening inward, which is acted upon by the atmosphere, and supplies any loss of air in the machine. Between the valve-opening and the interior of the refrig orator-is an ante-chamber withpertbmt-ed sides, through which the air is drawn.

in order. that my invention may be more read my undcrstoodfl have hereunto annexed a drawin g o f a i ice-n raki l I g or'f eziug-tmachine, having only one douhle-actin cyliuder,in which the expansion Lot the air en iploycd, takes, place, drawvn to the scale of about one-inch to foot.

Figure 1 iso side elevation of the machine, and

Fig.2 a plan of the same with the rctl-igerator rci'novedin order to show the cylinder and arrangement of pipes more clearly. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machine through the line shown on Fig. 2; and Fig. 41's abac view, seen in section along the line r it, marked on Fig. 3. Similar letters aroused to denote similar parts in all the views.

A is the double-acting cylinder, and B the piston. of the same, which, by means of the forked connecting-rod ,(J,'is connected to the cranial) of the driving-shaft, which carries the liy-wh'eel and revolves in one of its bearin gs on the pedestal E, which pedestal and the cylinder are situated and screwed upon the cooler F. The cooler F consists of a rectangular inclosed' chamber, containing a 'series of parallel pipes, more particularly described hereafter. Situated on the top of the cylinder A, and partly supported by a pillar,-G, is a fixed refrigerator, H. This is a rectangular double-cased chalnbelyin which are suspended the cases H and H, which contain the liquid or other medium to be cooled. All the interi'ial parts, of the machine communicate with each other by the pipes J? and J 2 and valves L, 31,57, and O.- The cylinder A is fitted with heads A and A 'each of which is formed hollow and divided, asshown, by a partition into two compartments, the (:OIH- partnieuts of the cover A being marked a and b, an d those of the head A being marked a and 11 These compartments communicate with the in-. terior of the cylinder at its respective ends, by passages fitted with valves, L being the outletvalve, M the inlctvalve appertainin to the coinpar'tments a and b, and 0 being the "inlet-valve, and N the outlet-valve appertaining to-the corn partments a and 1: The 'i'ront part 3 of the cylinder, in which the compression takes place, is surrounded, as shown in Fig. 3, by a jacket, 1V,

containing water to cool it, and the back part, 1,

or other end of the cylinder in which the expan sioirtakes place is enveloped in a non-conductor of heat, Q, by preference composed of sawdust or loose cotton, in order to prevent it as much as possible from being heated from the outside. a is'an annular passage or space surrounding the cylinder, and separating the front from the back part of the cylinder,in order to prevent the heat being carried from the front to theback. This space cserves at the same time as a receptacle for the grease to lubricate the piston. The piston B is ncarly asthick as the whole length of the stroke of the crank I), and is constructed of two disk-plates, B and B aflixed to the piston-rod,

and'each of which. plates is titted with. the ordi-' nary cupped leathers. T between such plates is fill with anon-conductor of heat, by preference of loose cotton, and surrounded on.theoutside-Jby a wooden casing, B, for preventing the heat from bcin g conducted from the front to the. back part ofthe cylinder. The pi ston-rod passest'hrough astutiin g box, and is guided through a bush fitted in the pillar (in. The actuating mechanism oft-he valves-HA and O consists of a cam or tappet-wheel, ,S, keyed upon 1*, are lined, being secured in the ends ll;

- this water in direct contact with them water.

intermediate spacethe driving-shaft, which alternately strikes the iriction or unmet-rollers S mounted in a yokeupon the-rod 6', according to the expansion iu' the back part ot' the cylinder. The rod S is connected to the forked lever S, the ends of which lever actuate the spindles of the lives 0 and N, as illustrated, in such a manner that the valve 0 allows the compressed air to enter the back part of the cylinder for a portion of the ihrwaid stroke of the piston, until the valve 0 closes, when the expansion takes place for the remaining portion of the stroke. Durin g the luck-stroke of the piston the valve N is arranged to remain open by'the disposition of the cams or tappetwheels S upon the drivingshait. The \alvcs L and M in the cylimler-head A. are self-acting, likeordinary pump-valves. The cooler F consists of a hollow in closed box or chamber, which, at the same time, constitutes the ioundatimror bed-plate, upon which the cylinder A, pedestal E, and refrigerator H are fixed. Its interior is divided, by the space 11*, into two compartments, 1.0 and b hermetically closed. in each of these compartments a series of parallel pipes, F and The interiors of these pipes arein'coinnuu'iicaticn with each other through the space a and with the space a of the front cylinderhcad through the pipe J and with the space a of the back cylinder-head through the pipe J. The space :10 surrounding the out-side of the first's'eries of parallel. pipes is entirely fillcd with a running-stream of water, which flows away through the pipe W, the fresh supply. being kept up by means of an ordinary pump, which supply enters by the 1% v? and passes throng" the jackr 2r, surrouuduig the front part of the cylinder, hetero it enters the space 'w' through the pipe W in order to keep all the coolin g-pipes, the metal plates-F in the-compartment it, so asto c'onipel the water topass by or in contact with the outsideof every. single pipe, and by this means the water-is caused to pass through in an opposite direction to the current of air which passes through the interior of such pipes,- a'nd thus cools the air passing through them to the dowcst degree with the smallest quantity of cooling water. The other division or compartinent'of the cooler 'F, marked b, is similar to that just described, with this difference, that the pipes in this con'ipartnient are surrounded by a current of'cool air insteadof This cold air enters through the pipe J direct from the compartment 1) of the back cylinder-head, and alsof-ii oiu the refrigerator H,

through the pipe J", and proceeds in the direcpipes through the-outlet-valve L and pipe J Thisrcfi'igerator has already-been described as being fixed upon the cylindcr'and pilh'uwl, and

vcol-misting of a' ihulble-cascd. rectangular chunn ber ll, construqed of wood, the -space'bet -'een the casings being filled with a non-conductor of heat, bypreference'loos'e cotton. The cover I of vthis refrigerator has rectangular openings formed I it for-the corresponding rectangular metal cases" H which are opened-at the top and are suspended iiiFt-herefrigerator, as shown in Fig. 3. Inside 4 of these cases the ice-boxes jH ,filled freeze, such as alcohol; or at a higher temperature a solution of chloride of lime might be used.

.The cases If might be employed themselves for freezing purposesjby filling th'eni direct with the fluid to be frozen, as such cases are loosely inserted in the openings formed in the cover to receive' them,- and are packed under their top flanges with India'rubber, felt, orother similar material. vTo insure a complete spreading of the current of air over the whole outer surface of the cases H the zigzag or serrated partitions H are fixed inside the refrigerator, between each of the metal cases, by which means a zigzag course is given to thecurrent corresponding with the direction of the arrows shown. In the refrigerator the cold air, expanded to atmospheric pressure, enters through the pipe J and in passing through imparts its cold to the chest B and in. a corresponding degree becomes heated itself,

and finally escaping through the pipe J a into the cooler F. In order to maintain a constant pressure inside of the refrigerator, its interior cont municates, through the pipe Y with an expansible chamber exhibited in the form of an elastic ball or balloon, Z, by preference formed of vulcanized India rubber, which immediately becomes distended when the pressure is greater in the refrigerator than that of theatmosphere, and vice v rsa. Any loss of air inside the refrigerator caused by leakage of any of the parts is compensated for. by means of the valve R, which opens inward by atmospheric pressure whenever the pressure inside the refrigerator is less than that of the atmosphere, thus allowing the deficiency to. be made up; but before arriving inside the. refrigerator such supply, on its way to secure its delivery therein at a very lowvtemperature, should pass through chloride of lime, or its equivalent, placed in an ante-chambenR R, provided with perforated inner walls, separating it from the interior of the refrigerator..

Without the use of such chloride or its equivalent, the air will be' chilled nearlyif not quite as well by its passage through the perforations in the walls, while they are chilled from contact with the freezing air of the refrigerator.

The refrigerator, constructed as described, is designed specially for freezing liquids, but for cooling air or gases, or conden sin g vapors, straight or curved pipes maybe fixed-in such refrigerator in the same manner as the pipes described in the cooler F, which pipes are surrounded with the current of cold air coming from the machine through the pipe. J. Through the straight or curved pipes the air-,gases, or vapors to be cooled are conveyed in an opposite direction to the current of air. passing outside of them; and in case the maehinelis required to cool and ventilate apartments, such as cellars, ship-holds, hospitals, theaters, and other places, the cold air is con veyed from the tube J which may be lengthened for the. purpose directly into such places, while .fresh air is constantly supplied to'the machine through a pipe in connection with the pipe J,

to be thereb cooled and then forced into such places.

ture-regulator.

Ihave already described the-particular nranher in which the expanded air passes out of the back part of the cylinder from the compartment b through the pipe J into the cooler, and

through the pipe J 5 into the refrigerator. It now,

therefore, only remains to be shown more particularly how the cold air is divided so as to pass in the proper quantities through each of the 'pipes'J and J". For this purpose the pipes J and 'J each open into a cylindrical compartment, J which is titted with a segmental valve, 1, (see Fig. 1,) having the character of a three-way cock. This valve turns witha hand-lever, so thateither of the mouths of the pipes J 2 and J 5 may be par tially or entirely closed at pleasure by the hand of the attendant, and the exact relative sizes ot' such openings is indicated by an index forming part-of the hand-lever upon a dial-plate.

' The operation of the various parts of the machine having been separately described, I will now describe the course-of the air in its circulation through the machine,

During-the forward stroke of the piston-that is to say, its movement toward the front cylininder-head A --the air is compressed in the compressing-chamber 3 and by its pressure caused to open the valve 12 and'pass out through the compartment 0. of the head and through the pipe J to the cooler, in which it passes first through the pipes Fiend afterward through; the pipes F and is thereby cooled. From the cooler the compressed air passes through the pipe J into the compartment a of the back cylinder-head A, whence it passes'through the valve 0 into the expansion-chamber 1 of the cylinder during a portion of the stroke, and until the valve Otis closed, after which the air in the latter chamber expands during the remainder .of the stroke. During the whole return or back-stroke. of the pisn ton, the expanded and cooled air fi'om the expension-chamber passesout through the open valve N into compartment 1; of the cylinderhead A and thence to the temperatnre-regula-,

tor, J, whence a. portion of itpasses through the pipe J to. the refrigerator, and a port on through the pipe J into the space surrounding the pipe F in the compartment bof the cooler. At the same time the air displaced from the refrigerator'by the incoming cold air passes out through the pipe J into the aforesaid space of the cooler. The air all passes out-from this space of the cooler, through the pipe J, into the compartment b 'of the front cylinder-head, whence it isdr'awn by the piston, through the nletyalve M, into the compression-chamber of the cyhnder.

I will now proceed to describe the tempera {eh ii iii represented;

f-cnri-dby LettersPatent,

.It will be readily apparent that instead ofthe compression and expa-nsienot' the air taking p-lgce-in one andhi'he samecylinder, as in the lilathejexpansion and cmnpres sion may take ph I and ihatthe cooler V and refrigerator may be erectr ed some distance the mane nereinheforedescribed; Tlie'cyL' "m le-1f er cylindersmay also be z placed all-.01) li'qne and rerthaal' instead" of it horizontal kposition, as illustrated, and tlieair maybeadniitted into and iiithdrawn. from the expansion-cylinder by means of the ordinary slidealve used'in the stmmiengfine. l

.lf a less intense degree of. cold is required,' the tlwylmler may be dispensed with and water be employed instead; or even atmospheric air may he used in place of the \YfllTl1 lllltpassing round the mitside of the pines'in the cooler in precisely the same manner as ilic water. i

'What is here claimed and desired to be se- 1,. The process herein the intensity of cold produced, the same vconsisting in i'eturuing a part. of the compressed ztir aller expansion, so as to cool the air still under compression, as set forth.

2. The combination of the cooler and the tem-- -e in two; separate cylinders;

described for increasing to impin gfe against the gas-and for the purposes specified.

-' 5. Incombination with the refngerating-chmn- H jacketed, and

A. In" combination with the freezing-cells of.

the refrigerator, the serrated dividing-plates H, whereby the-current of air isimpeded audcaused ber' of an ice-making machine, the expan'sible ehaniber' Z, connected therewith and operating, fillllStill-ltiillly as described, for the purposes speci'- .iied. air passinground the outsides of the .pipes'in scribed. v

' Y F. B. WINDHAUSEN'.

Witnesses.

B. B. LENDENTT, S. BAARHS. (S3) sides of the said cells,

within the pipes, substantially as dc-

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