USRE4456E - Improvement in the manufacture of artificial stone, stucco - Google Patents
Improvement in the manufacture of artificial stone, stucco Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE4456E USRE4456E US RE4456 E USRE4456 E US RE4456E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stucco
- artificial stone
- manufacture
- shellac
- improvement
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002969 artificial stone Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 26
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 and of Stucco Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002928 artificial marble Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M NaHCO3 Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000005428 Pistacia lentiscus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940036248 Turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
Images
Definitions
- my invention consists in the use of an aqueous solution of gum shellac, orits equivalent, in combining or cementing together particles of silex, alumina, calcium, or other mineral substances, to produce, not only artificial marbles and stones, but also stuccos, cements or paints, for useful and ornamental purposes; and in the compression of a composition of lime or cement and sand, or of other admixtures of earthy or mineral substances, moistened or dampened with an aqueous solution of gum shellac, into molds of any desired configuration, by the application of repeated blows with a suitable tamping-tool to successive layers of the composition placed therein while still in a plastic condition, for the purpose of producing thereby a hard, tenacious, and durable artificial stone.
- My shellac solution is best obtained by boiling the gum shellac of commerce in water previously made alkaline by the addition of any suitable alkaline salt in proper proportion.
- the proportions of shellac, alkali, and water may and necessarily will vary with the strength and quality of the solution required in producing various descriptions of stones, cements, 8m.
- a firm and durable stone, impervious to moisture is produced by dampening a mixture of about one part of lime or cement and four parts of sand or other silicious material, with or without gravel or other ingredients, with my aqueous solution of shellac, and then firmly compressing the composition into molds of any desired form, either by the use of suitable machinery or by hand.
Description
UNITED STATES GEORGE AIFREAR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO CHARLES HOLLAND,
GEORGE A. FREAR, AND JOHN M. WILSON.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, STU CCO, &c.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 73,965, dated February 4, 1868, reissue No. 4,456, dated July 4, 1871.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE A. FREAR, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of II- linois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Production of Artificial Stones and Marbles, and of Stucco, Cements, and Mineral Paints, of which the following is a specification:
The nature of my invention consists in the use of an aqueous solution of gum shellac, orits equivalent, in combining or cementing together particles of silex, alumina, calcium, or other mineral substances, to produce, not only artificial marbles and stones, but also stuccos, cements or paints, for useful and ornamental purposes; and in the compression of a composition of lime or cement and sand, or of other admixtures of earthy or mineral substances, moistened or dampened with an aqueous solution of gum shellac, into molds of any desired configuration, by the application of repeated blows with a suitable tamping-tool to successive layers of the composition placed therein while still in a plastic condition, for the purpose of producing thereby a hard, tenacious, and durable artificial stone.
My shellac solution is best obtained by boiling the gum shellac of commerce in water previously made alkaline by the addition of any suitable alkaline salt in proper proportion. The proportions of shellac, alkali, and water may and necessarily will vary with the strength and quality of the solution required in producing various descriptions of stones, cements, 8m.
In the manufacture of artificial stone for'building purposes I use a solution obtained by first dissolving from two to four ounces of saleratus, potash, soda, or other equivalent alkali, in about one gallon of pure boiling water, and then adding thereto one poimd of gum shellac, and boiling the mixture until the gum is entirely dissolved.
A firm and durable stone, impervious to moisture, is produced by dampening a mixture of about one part of lime or cement and four parts of sand or other silicious material, with or without gravel or other ingredients, with my aqueous solution of shellac, and then firmly compressing the composition into molds of any desired form, either by the use of suitable machinery or by hand.
I prefer to obtain the compression of the material by percussion rather than by simple pressure. To this end a certain quantity of the composition is placed, in a damp plastic state, in the mold, and spread to a proper thickness-say about four inches'.but which is greater or lesser according to the kind of work, and, by the application of repeated and systematic blows with a pounder or fiat-ended tool, heavy and hard, the composition is compressed into a dense firm mass. When one stratum has thus been perfectly packed and tamped in the mold a new portion of material is introduced and packed in the same manner, so that by continuing to add new portions of the composition and agglomerating said portions with the former stratunis by percussion, as described, a perfectly hard and compact mass of the desired thickness and form is obtained. The blocks or other articles thus produced will rapidly harden when removed from the molds, and in a few days are ready for building purposes.
To produce a more perfect finish I contemplate washing the surface or face of the artificial stone thus manufactured, five or six days after molding the same, with a weak solution of shellac dissolved in alcohol, ether, or spirits of turpentine say, about one pound of shellac in one gallon of the spirits.
Instead of using a mixture of lime or cement and sand to produce an artificial stone, I contemplate moistening simple sand, clay, lime, chalk, or other earthy or mineral substance, as well as any combinations thereof, with my aqueous shellac solution, and then molding the same, by per cussion, into suitable blocks or other devices, so that endless variety may be obtained therein at pleasure.
To produce a mastic or stucco I add so much of my shellac solution to lime, sand, clay, or any earthy or silicious material, or to mixtures thereof, as that the material or mixture shall be reduced by the solution to a pasty consistency, which can be readily worked and applied with a trowel. If then applied to any suitable surface it will firmly adhere thereto, and, upon hardening, produce a firm water-proof surface, which may be made to resemble stone so closely as not to be readily distinguishable therefrom.
Through a proper choice of the sand or other substances forming the basis of my improved artificial stones, &c., or by the use of coloring matter in connection therewith, nearly all descriptions of natural stone may be imitated, and any colors or shades of material obtained at pleasure.
Inapplying my improved stucco to buildings, Whether of brick or stone, I first wash the surface with my aqueous shellac solution preparatory to laying on the composition hereinbefore described.
I claim as my invention 1. The use of an aqueous solution of shellac in the production of artificial stones, stuccoes, &c., for useful and ornamental purposes.
2. In the manufacture of artificial stone With the Within-described compositions, bringing the molecules of the mass in close proximity one to the other by means and With the use of a suitable tamping-tool applied systematically to successive layers of the composition, substantially as herein set forth.
GEO. A. FREAK. Witnesses:
A. E. FREAK, DAVID A. BURR.
Family
ID=
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