USRE39516E1 - Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same - Google Patents
Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE39516E1 USRE39516E1 US10/964,296 US96429604A USRE39516E US RE39516 E1 USRE39516 E1 US RE39516E1 US 96429604 A US96429604 A US 96429604A US RE39516 E USRE39516 E US RE39516E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- group
- alkyl
- layer type
- substituent
- electrophotosensitive material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- -1 phthalocyanine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005098 aryl alkoxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 81
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 48
- 230000036452 memory potential Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241001507722 Apteronotus albifrons Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbazole Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQGWMEKAPOBYFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,7-trinitrothioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C(=O)C3=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C3SC2=C1 WQGWMEKAPOBYFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHXBXWOHQZBGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 19631-19-7 Chemical compound N1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N=3)N2[In](Cl)N2C4=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 AHXBXWOHQZBGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOERSAVCLPYNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluoren-9-one Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C2=C1C=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C2[N+]([O-])=O JOERSAVCLPYNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVNMKGQIOLSWHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C(=O)C3=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C3OC2=C1[N+]([O-])=O FVNMKGQIOLSWHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHQGURIJMFPBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C3=CC=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C3C(=O)C2=C1 VHQGURIJMFPBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=NC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=N1 KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXNLZNGQJWKPAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9,16,23-tetraphenyl-29h,31h-phthalocyanine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2N=C3NC(C4=CC=C(C=C43)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=NC=3NC([C]4C=CC(=CC4=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=NC=3N=C([C]4C=CC(=CC4=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)N=C3N=2)C3=C1 SXNLZNGQJWKPAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCQLACGUXBFKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,7-trinitro-1-oxo-2h-fluoren-9-ylidene)propanedinitrile Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2C(C(=CC(C3=O)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+]([O-])=O)=C3C(=C(C#N)C#N)C2=C1 WCQLACGUXBFKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl aniline Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LBGCRGLFTKVXDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ac1mc2aw Chemical compound [Al+3].[Cl-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 LBGCRGLFTKVXDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004054 acenaphthylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetnaphthylene Natural products C1=CC(C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium iodide Chemical compound I[Al](I)I CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUVXQFBFIFIDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Al+3].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 HUVXQFBFIFIDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N antipyrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrrole Natural products C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- LBAIJNRSTQHDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Mg].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2NC(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2N1 LBAIJNRSTQHDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- PRMHOXAMWFXGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M molport-000-691-708 Chemical compound N1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N=3)N2[Ga](Cl)N2C4=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 PRMHOXAMWFXGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BYPNIFFYJHKCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-4-(2-phenyl-1,3-dihydropyrazol-5-yl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C1=CCN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1 BYPNIFFYJHKCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDJWHGNSQWLKGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-4-[5-[4-(methylamino)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(NC)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(NC)=CC=2)O1 UDJWHGNSQWLKGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G13/14—Transferring a pattern to a second base
- G03G13/16—Transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G13/22—Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0609—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
- G03G5/0635—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered
- G03G5/0638—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered containing two hetero atoms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0666—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group
- G03G5/0672—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group containing two or more methine or polymethine groups
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0696—Phthalocyanines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material which is used in digital image forming apparatuses such as electrophotosensitive copying machine, facsimile and laser beam printer, and a digital image forming method using the same.
- the present invention relates to a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material, which does not generate a memory image even when using in a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step, and a reversal development type digital image forming method using the same, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.
- an organic photosensitive material has widely been used because of its easy production, low cost, wide range of choice of photosensitive materials such as electric charge transferring material, electric charge generating material and binder resin, and high functional design freedom as compared with a conventional inorganic photosensitive material.
- the organic photosensitive material includes, for example, single-layer type photosensitive material wherein an electric charge transferring material (hole transferring material, electron transferring material) is dispersed in the same photosensitive layer, together with an electric charge generating material, and multi-layer type photosensitive material comprising an electric charge generating layer containing an electric charge generating material and an electric charge transferring layer containing an electric charge transferring material, which are mutually laminated.
- the single-layer type photosensitive material has attracted special interest recently because it has such an advantage that optical characteristics can be improved due to simple layer structure, excellent productivity and less interfaces between layers.
- an image forming apparatus using an electrophotosensitive system is capable of charging a photosensitive material (principal charge step), exposing an image to form a static latent image (exposure step), developing the static latent image with a toner at a state where a developing bias voltage is applied (development step) transferring the formed toner image to a transfer paper (transfer step), and fixing to form an image.
- the residual toner on the photosensitive material is cleaned by a urethane blade (cleaning step) and the residual electric charges on the photosensitive material are neutralized by LED (charge neutralizing step).
- the image forming apparatus using an electrophotosensitive system includes, for example, digital and analogue copying machines, facsimile and laser beam printer.
- a reversal development system for developing using a toner having the same polarity as that of a charging voltage to be applied to the photosensitive material in the charge step has widely been used in a digital image forming apparatus.
- a transfer voltage to be applied to the electrophotosensitive material in a transfer step is usually applied through a transfer medium (paper) without being applied directly to the electrophotosensitive material, and the transfer voltage is not applied when the transfer medium does not pass through the transfer step.
- the negative space electric charge density of the exposed portion is larger than that of the non-exposed portion and a difference in potential appears in the following charge step and the memory image is liable to be generated in case where the sensitivity of the positively charging single-layer type photosensitive material to the negative polarity is inferior and the photosensitive layer is used in the image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material, which hardly generates a exposure memory and a transfer memory and does not generate a memory image even when using in a reversal development type image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a reversal development typedigital image forming apparatus using the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.
- a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, characterized in that the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 ⁇ J/cm 2 is not more than 500 V hardly generates an exposure memory and a transfer memory and does not generate a memory image even when using in a reversal development type image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step. They have further studied based on this finding, thus completing the present invention.
- the present invention includes the following inventions:
- an exposure memory and a transfer memory are drastically reduced.
- the reason is considered as follows. That is, the smaller a difference in absolute value of the sensitivity between a plus polarity and a minus polarity, the better the transferring balance between holes and electrons generated in the photosensitive layer. Thus, the memory is reduced.
- the absolute value of the plus polarity sensitivity is smaller than that of the minus polarity sensitivity, that is, a positively charging type electrophotosensitive material is the most common because design of an electron transferring material having large mobility is difficult and the mobility of the electron transferring material is smaller than that of the hole transferring material and, furthermore, ozone is hardly generated in the image forming apparatus in the above single-layer type electrophotosensitive material.
- the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the present invention preferably includes a positively charged type one as referred to in the above terms (3) to (8).
- the positively charging single-layer type electrophotosensitive material preferably contains the compound represented by the general formula (1) as the hole transferring material and at least one of the compounds represented by the general formulas (2), (3), (4) and (5) as the electron transferring material.
- the reason is as follows. That is, by using the compound having high hole transferability or electron transferability, the sensitivity to the positive or negative polarity is improved, which is very effective to reduce the memory.
- the memory image is not generated because the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention has a small memory.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between a transfer memory potential and an exposure memory potential, and a difference in absolution value of sensitivity between a plus polarity and a minus polarity of single-layer type electrophotosensitive materials of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an original for evaluation of a transfer memory image, and a transfer memory image.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an original for evaluation of an exposure memory image, and an exposure memory image.
- an organic photosensitive material having sensitivity in a wavelength range from 700 to 850 nm is required.
- the electric charge generating material which satisfies the above requirement and used in the organic photosensitive material, for example, polycyclic quinone compound, pyrylium compound, squalium compound, phthalocyanine compound and azo compound have been suggested or put into practice.
- various phthalocyanine compounds are used.
- the phthalocyanine compound includes, for example, metal-free phthalocyanine (CGM-1) containing no center metal; titanyl phthalocyanine (CGM-2) which has intensively been developed, recently; and metal phthalocyanine containing a center metal, such as aluminum phthalocyanine, vanadium phthalocyanine, cadmium phthalocyanine, antimony phthalocyanine, chromium phthalocyanine, copper 4-phthalocyanine, germanium phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine, chloroaluminum phthalocyanine, chloroindium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, magnesium phthalocyanine, dialkyl phthalocyanine, tetramethyl phthalocyanine, and tetraphenyl phthalocyanine.
- the crystal form that can be used may be any of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , x and ⁇ forms.
- the phthalocyanine compound is preferably contained in the amount of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight based on the weight of the binder resin.
- a memory becomes larger. The reason is as follows. That is, since carries are incorporated into a trap of the photosensitive layer to generate residual carries as a memory, the number of residual carriers are increased due to excess number of carrier. On the other hand, when the content is less than 0.1% by weight, it becomes difficult to put into practice because of poor photosensitivity.
- a stilbene compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used particularly preferably.
- the stilbene compound may be contained alone or at least one of them may be contained. That is, various hole transferring materials may be contained, together with the stilbene compound.
- Various hole transferring materials include nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds, for example, oxadiazole compound such as 2,5-di(4-methylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, styryl compound such as 9-4-(diethylaminostyryl)anthracene, carbazole compound such as polyvinylcarbazole, organic polysilane compound, pyrazoline compound such as 1-phenyl-3(p-dimethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, hydazone compound, triphenylamine compound, indole compound, oxadiazole compound, isoxazole compound, thiazole compound, thiadiazole compound, imidazole compound, pyrazole compound, and triazole compound.
- oxadiazole compound such as 2,5-di(4-methylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
- styryl compound such as 9-4-(diethyla
- the content of the hole transferring material is preferably from 5 to 500% by weight, and more preferably from 25 to 200% by weight, based on the weight of the binder resin.
- a quinone compound represented by the general formula (2), (3), (4) or (5) can be used particularly preferably.
- the quinone compound may be contained alone or at least one of them may be contained. That is, other electron transferring materials may be contained, together with the quinone compound.
- electron transferring materials include electron attractive substances, for example, pyrene compound, carbazole compound, hydrazone compound, N,N-dialkylaniline compound, diphenylamine compound, triphenylamine compound, triphenylmethane compound, tetracyanoethyl, tetracyanoquinoedimethane, chloroanil, bromoanil, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone, 5 2,4,7-trinitro-9-dicyanomethylenefluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, and 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, or those prepared by polymerizing these electron attractive substances.
- electron attractive substances for example, pyrene compound, carbazole compound, hydrazone compound, N,N-dialkylaniline compound, diphenylamine compound, triphenylamine compound, triphenylmethane compound, tetracyanoethy
- the content of the electron transferring material is preferably from 5 to 100% by weight, and more preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, based on the weight of the binder resin.
- binder resin in which the above respective components are dispersed for example, there can be used various resins used conventionally in the photosensitive layer.
- thermoplastic resins such as styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, acrylic copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, ionomer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, alkyd resin, polyamide, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polysulfone, diallyl phthalate resin, ketone resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, and polyether resin; crosslinkable thermosetting resins such as silicone resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, urea resin, and melamine resin; and photocurable resins such as epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate.
- binder resins ca be used alone, or two
- Particularly preferred resin includes, for example, bisphenol Z type monomer and bisphenol Z type polycarbonate derived from phosgene, such as Panlight manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Co., Ltd. and PCZ manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the binder resin is preferablywithin a range from 15,000 to 100,000.
- additives such as antioxidants, radical scavengers, singlet quenchers, deterioration inhibitors (e.g. ultraviolet absorbers), softeners, plasticizers, surface modifiers, extenders, thickeners, dispersion stabilizers, waxes, acceptors, and donors
- deterioration inhibitors e.g. ultraviolet absorbers
- softeners plasticizers
- surface modifiers e.g. extenders
- thickeners e.g. ultraviolet absorbers
- a barrier layer may be formed between the conductive substrate and photosensitive layer as far as it does not inhibits the characteristics of the photosensitive material.
- the film thickness of the photosensitive layer is preferably within a range from about 10 to 35 ⁇ m.
- the memory becomes large.
- the reason is considered as follows. That is, as the film thickness of the photosensitive layer increases, dark decay increases to reduce the charging capability, whereby an influence of the memory is liable to be exerted. Alternatively, a trap increase by an increase in absolute quantity of the constituting materials of the photosensitive layer.
- the film thickness is less than 10 ⁇ m, the sensitivity is drastically lowered by removal of the film, thereby making it difficult to put into practice.
- the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the present invention includes a preferable embodiment which contains a compound represented by the general formula (1) as the hole transferring material and a compound represented by the general formula (2) as the electron transferring material. Especially, it is more preferably to select HTM-1 as a compound represented by the general formula (1) and ETM-1 as a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprises a conductive substrate and a single photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate.
- This photosensitive layer is formed by dissolving or dispersing the electric charge generating material, hole transferring material, electron transferring material and binder resin in a proper solvent, coating the conductive substrate with the resulting coating solution and drying the coating solution.
- the conductive substrate on which the photosensitive layer is formed for example, various materials having the conductivity can be used.
- metallic simple substances such as iron, aluminum, cooper, tin, platinum, silver, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, cadmium, titanium, nickel, palladium, indium, stainless steel, and brass; plastic materials prepared by depositing or laminating the above metal; and glasses coated with aluminum iodide, tin oxide, and indium oxide.
- the conductive substrate may be in the form of a sheet or drum according to the structure of the image forming apparatus to be used.
- the substrate itself may have the conductivity, or the surface of the substrate may have the conductivity.
- the conductive substrate may be preferably those having a sufficient mechanical strength on use.
- a dispersion is prepared by dispersing and mixing the above hole transferring material, electric charge generating material, electron acceptor and binder resin, together with a proper solvent, using a known method such as roll mill, ball mill, attritor, paint shaker, and ultrasonic dispersing equipment, and then the resulting dispersion is coated by using a known means and dried.
- the organic solvent includes, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, octane, and cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cylohexanone; esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; and dimethylformaldehyde, dimethyl
- surfactants and leveling agents may be used.
- the image forming apparatus of the present invention is a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus using the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the term (1), comprising at least a principal charge step, an exposure step, a development step and a transfer step along the forward direction of the electrophotosensitive material, characterized in that a voltage to be applied in the transfer step has a polarity reverse to a voltage to be applied in the charge step.
- Examples of the image forming apparatus include digital copying machine, facsimile and laser beam printer.
- the cleaning step may be omitted sometimes, similar to the charge neutralizing step, in order to reduce the size of the image forming apparatus and initial cost.
- CGM-1 X type metal-free phthalocyanine
- HTM-1 hole transferring material
- ETM-1 to ETM-8 electron transferring materials
- an alumina tube as the substrate was coated with the coating solution according to a dip coating method, followed by hot-air drying at 125° C. for 30 minutes to form a single-layer type photosensitive material having a photosensitive layer of 20 ⁇ m in a film thickness.
- the exposure memory image refers to an image wherein a ghost image of the exposed portion was generated at the gray portion by a reduction in surface potential of the photosensitive material at the strongly exposed portion (black solid portion) in case where the printing test was carried out using an original as shown in FIG. 3 .
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 muJ/cm<SUP>2 </SUP>is not more than 500 V, and a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus using the electrophotosensitive material, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.
Description
The present invention relates to a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material which is used in digital image forming apparatuses such as electrophotosensitive copying machine, facsimile and laser beam printer, and a digital image forming method using the same.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material, which does not generate a memory image even when using in a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step, and a reversal development type digital image forming method using the same, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.
Recently, an organic photosensitive material has widely been used because of its easy production, low cost, wide range of choice of photosensitive materials such as electric charge transferring material, electric charge generating material and binder resin, and high functional design freedom as compared with a conventional inorganic photosensitive material.
The organic photosensitive material includes, for example, single-layer type photosensitive material wherein an electric charge transferring material (hole transferring material, electron transferring material) is dispersed in the same photosensitive layer, together with an electric charge generating material, and multi-layer type photosensitive material comprising an electric charge generating layer containing an electric charge generating material and an electric charge transferring layer containing an electric charge transferring material, which are mutually laminated. The single-layer type photosensitive material has attracted special interest recently because it has such an advantage that optical characteristics can be improved due to simple layer structure, excellent productivity and less interfaces between layers.
On the other hand, an image forming apparatus using an electrophotosensitive system is capable of charging a photosensitive material (principal charge step), exposing an image to form a static latent image (exposure step), developing the static latent image with a toner at a state where a developing bias voltage is applied (development step) transferring the formed toner image to a transfer paper (transfer step), and fixing to form an image. The residual toner on the photosensitive material is cleaned by a urethane blade (cleaning step) and the residual electric charges on the photosensitive material are neutralized by LED (charge neutralizing step).
To reduce the size of the image forming apparatus and initial cost, various trials of omitting the cleaning step and charge neutralizing step have been made.
The image forming apparatus using an electrophotosensitive system includes, for example, digital and analogue copying machines, facsimile and laser beam printer. In particular, a reversal development system for developing using a toner having the same polarity as that of a charging voltage to be applied to the photosensitive material in the charge step has widely been used in a digital image forming apparatus.
However, the following problems such as generation of a memory image occur when using a conventional electrophotosensitive material in a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus.
<Transfer memory>
When using an electrophotosensitive material in a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus, a transfer voltage to be applied to the electrophotosensitive material in a transfer step is usually applied through a transfer medium (paper) without being applied directly to the electrophotosensitive material, and the transfer voltage is not applied when the transfer medium does not pass through the transfer step.
However, on-off timing of the transfer voltage is very difficult and portion to be applied directly to the photosensitive material is often generated with respect to front/rear portions of the transfer medium. That is, application of the transfer voltage starts before a transferring apparatus is covered with the front portion of the transfer medium. Furthermore, the transfer voltage is continuously applied even if portion of the transferring apparatus is exposed by passage of the rear end of the transfer medium so that the transfer voltage is applied directly to the photosensitive material at said portion.
In case of a positively charging single-layer type photosensitive material, since the polarity of the voltage to be applied in the transferring apparatus is negative, negative space electric charges are remained at the portion of the photosensitive material to which a negative voltage has been applied. Generally, a single-layer type photosensitive material has sensitivity in both polarities so that negative space electric charges are neutralized in the following charge neutralizing step.
However, in case where the sensitivity of the positively charging single-layer type photosensitive material to the negative polarity is drastically inferior (mobility of the electron transferring material is very small) or the photosensitive material is used in the image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step, negative space electric charges are not sufficiently neutralized and a reduction in potential is caused by an influence of space electric charges even if the photosensitive material is positively charged in the following charge step. Furthermore, a difference in sensitivity appears in the development step, thus causing such problems that said portion turns into black in the image (memory image).
<Exposure memory>
After passing through the exposure step and development step, positive electric charges on the surface of the positively charging single-layer type photosensitive material are uniformly neutralized in the charge neutralizing step usually, and the photosensitive material is positively charged uniformly in the following charge step.
Similar to the case of the transfer memory, the negative space electric charge density of the exposed portion is larger than that of the non-exposed portion and a difference in potential appears in the following charge step and the memory image is liable to be generated in case where the sensitivity of the positively charging single-layer type photosensitive material to the negative polarity is inferior and the photosensitive layer is used in the image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step.
Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material, which hardly generates a exposure memory and a transfer memory and does not generate a memory image even when using in a reversal development type image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reversal development typedigital image forming apparatus using the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.
The present inventors have intensively studied to attain the above objects and found the fact that a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, characterized in that the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 μJ/cm2 is not more than 500 V hardly generates an exposure memory and a transfer memory and does not generate a memory image even when using in a reversal development type image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step. They have further studied based on this finding, thus completing the present invention.
The present invention includes the following inventions:
-
- (1) a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 μJ/cm2 is not more than 500 V;
- (2) The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (1), wherein the absolute value of the plus polarity sensitivity is smaller than that of the minus polarity sensitivity;
- (3) The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (2), which contains, as the hole transferring material, a compound represented by the general formula (1):
- wherein R1 and R3 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent; and R2 and R4 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent, provided that R2 and R4 are hydrogen atoms when R2 and R4 are substituted at the para-position;
- (4) The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (2), which contains, as the electron transferring material, at least one selected from the group of compounds represented by the general formula (2):
- wherein R5 represents a halogen atom, or an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent; and R6 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent, or a group: —O—R6a, which represents an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent;
- the general formula (3):
- wherein R7 and R8 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, or a nitro group; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3;
- the general formula (4):
- wherein R9a, R9b, R9c and R9d are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent; and
- the general formula (5):
- wherein R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an haryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, or a nitro group, and n represents an integer of 0 to 3;
- (5) The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (2), which contains, as the hole transferring material, a compound represented by the general formula (1) and, as the electron transferring material, a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- (6) The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (2), wherein the content of the phthalocyanine compound is from 0.1 to 4.0% by weight based on the weight of the binder resin;
- (7) The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (2), which contains, as the binder resin, a bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 15,000 to 100,000;
- (8) The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (2), wherein the film thickness of the photosensitive layer is from 10 to 35 μm;
- (9) A method of producing a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, the photosensitive layer containing a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, wherein the photosensitive layer is formed by selecting the phthalocyanine compound, hole transferring material, electron transferring material and binder resin so that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity is not more than 500 V under the measuring conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 μJ/cm2.
- (10) The method of producing a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the term (9), wherein at least one selected from the group of the compounds represented by the general formula (2), (3), (4) and (5) of the term (4) is contained as the electron transferring material; and
- (11) A reversal development type digital image forming apparatus using the single-layer electrophotosensitive material of the term (1), comprising at least a principal charge step, an exposure step, a development step and a transfer step along the forward direction of the electrophotosensitive material, wherein a voltage to be applied in the transfer step has a polarity reverse to a voltage to be applied in the charge step step, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.
In the present invention, as described above, when using an electrophotosensitive material wherein a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 μJ/cm2 is not more than 500 V, an exposure memory and a transfer memory are drastically reduced. The reason is considered as follows. That is, the smaller a difference in absolute value of the sensitivity between a plus polarity and a minus polarity, the better the transferring balance between holes and electrons generated in the photosensitive layer. Thus, the memory is reduced.
As described above, the absolute value of the plus polarity sensitivity is smaller than that of the minus polarity sensitivity, that is, a positively charging type electrophotosensitive material is the most common because design of an electron transferring material having large mobility is difficult and the mobility of the electron transferring material is smaller than that of the hole transferring material and, furthermore, ozone is hardly generated in the image forming apparatus in the above single-layer type electrophotosensitive material.
The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the present invention preferably includes a positively charged type one as referred to in the above terms (3) to (8).
In the present invention, the positively charging single-layer type electrophotosensitive material preferably contains the compound represented by the general formula (1) as the hole transferring material and at least one of the compounds represented by the general formulas (2), (3), (4) and (5) as the electron transferring material. The reason is as follows. That is, by using the compound having high hole transferability or electron transferability, the sensitivity to the positive or negative polarity is improved, which is very effective to reduce the memory.
As described in the term (6), even when using in a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step, the memory image is not generated because the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention has a small memory.
As described above, even if the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention is used in a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step, a memory image is not generated because of very small exposure memory and transfer memory.
Various materials used in the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter.
Electric charge generating agent>
When using laser as a light source in a digital image forming apparatus, a semiconductor laser and LED are exclusively used in view of small size, cheap price and simplicity. Accordingly, an organic photosensitive material having sensitivity in a wavelength range from 700 to 850 nm is required. As the electric charge generating material which satisfies the above requirement and used in the organic photosensitive material, for example, polycyclic quinone compound, pyrylium compound, squalium compound, phthalocyanine compound and azo compound have been suggested or put into practice. In the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention, various phthalocyanine compounds are used.
In general, the phthalocyanine compound includes, for example, metal-free phthalocyanine (CGM-1) containing no center metal; titanyl phthalocyanine (CGM-2) which has intensively been developed, recently; and metal phthalocyanine containing a center metal, such as aluminum phthalocyanine, vanadium phthalocyanine, cadmium phthalocyanine, antimony phthalocyanine, chromium phthalocyanine, copper 4-phthalocyanine, germanium phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine, chloroaluminum phthalocyanine, chloroindium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, magnesium phthalocyanine, dialkyl phthalocyanine, tetramethyl phthalocyanine, and tetraphenyl phthalocyanine. The crystal form that can be used may be any of α, β, γ, δ, ε, σ, x and τ forms.
The phthalocyanine compound is preferably contained in the amount of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight based on the weight of the binder resin. When the content of the phthalocyanine compound exceeds 4% by weight, a memory becomes larger. The reason is as follows. That is, since carries are incorporated into a trap of the photosensitive layer to generate residual carries as a memory, the number of residual carriers are increased due to excess number of carrier. On the other hand, when the content is less than 0.1% by weight, it becomes difficult to put into practice because of poor photosensitivity.
<Hole transferring material>
As the hole transferring material used in the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention, a stilbene compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used particularly preferably. When using the stilbene compound as the hole transferring material, the stilbene compound may be contained alone or at least one of them may be contained. That is, various hole transferring materials may be contained, together with the stilbene compound.
Various hole transferring materials include nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds, for example, oxadiazole compound such as 2,5-di(4-methylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, styryl compound such as 9-4-(diethylaminostyryl)anthracene, carbazole compound such as polyvinylcarbazole, organic polysilane compound, pyrazoline compound such as 1-phenyl-3(p-dimethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, hydazone compound, triphenylamine compound, indole compound, oxadiazole compound, isoxazole compound, thiazole compound, thiadiazole compound, imidazole compound, pyrazole compound, and triazole compound.
The content of the hole transferring material is preferably from 5 to 500% by weight, and more preferably from 25 to 200% by weight, based on the weight of the binder resin.
<Electron transferring material>
As the electron transferring material used in the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention, a quinone compound represented by the general formula (2), (3), (4) or (5) can be used particularly preferably. When using the quinone compound as the electron transferring material, the quinone compound may be contained alone or at least one of them may be contained. That is, other electron transferring materials may be contained, together with the quinone compound.
Other electron transferring materials include electron attractive substances, for example, pyrene compound, carbazole compound, hydrazone compound, N,N-dialkylaniline compound, diphenylamine compound, triphenylamine compound, triphenylmethane compound, tetracyanoethyl, tetracyanoquinoedimethane, chloroanil, bromoanil, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone, 5 2,4,7-trinitro-9-dicyanomethylenefluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, and 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, or those prepared by polymerizing these electron attractive substances.
The content of the electron transferring material is preferably from 5 to 100% by weight, and more preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, based on the weight of the binder resin.
<Binder resin>
As the binder resin in which the above respective components are dispersed, for example, there can be used various resins used conventionally in the photosensitive layer.
There can be used, for example, thermoplastic resins such as styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, acrylic copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, ionomer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, alkyd resin, polyamide, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polysulfone, diallyl phthalate resin, ketone resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, and polyether resin; crosslinkable thermosetting resins such as silicone resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, urea resin, and melamine resin; and photocurable resins such as epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate. These binder resins ca be used alone, or two or more kinds of them can be used in combination.
Particularly preferred resin includes, for example, bisphenol Z type monomer and bisphenol Z type polycarbonate derived from phosgene, such as Panlight manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Co., Ltd. and PCZ manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd.
The weight-average molecular weight of the binder resin is preferablywithin a range from 15,000 to 100,000.
In addition to the above respective components, various conventionally known additives such as antioxidants, radical scavengers, singlet quenchers, deterioration inhibitors (e.g. ultraviolet absorbers), softeners, plasticizers, surface modifiers, extenders, thickeners, dispersion stabilizers, waxes, acceptors, and donors can be incorporated into the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention as far as these additives do not exert a deleterious influence on electrophotosensitive characteristics. To improve the sensitivity of the photosensitive layer, for example, known sensitizers such as terphenyl, halonaphthoquinones, and acenaphthylene may be used in combination with the electric charge generating material.
In the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material, a barrier layer may be formed between the conductive substrate and photosensitive layer as far as it does not inhibits the characteristics of the photosensitive material.
In the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention, the film thickness of the photosensitive layer is preferably within a range from about 10 to 35 μm. When the film thickness exceeds 35 μm, the memory becomes large. The reason is considered as follows. That is, as the film thickness of the photosensitive layer increases, dark decay increases to reduce the charging capability, whereby an influence of the memory is liable to be exerted. Alternatively, a trap increase by an increase in absolute quantity of the constituting materials of the photosensitive layer. On the other hand, when the film thickness is less than 10 μm, the sensitivity is drastically lowered by removal of the film, thereby making it difficult to put into practice.
As described hereinbefore, the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to the present invention includes a preferable embodiment which contains a compound represented by the general formula (1) as the hole transferring material and a compound represented by the general formula (2) as the electron transferring material. Especially, it is more preferably to select HTM-1 as a compound represented by the general formula (1) and ETM-1 as a compound represented by the general formula (2).
The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprises a conductive substrate and a single photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate. This photosensitive layer is formed by dissolving or dispersing the electric charge generating material, hole transferring material, electron transferring material and binder resin in a proper solvent, coating the conductive substrate with the resulting coating solution and drying the coating solution.
As the conductive substrate on which the photosensitive layer is formed, for example, various materials having the conductivity can be used. Examples thereof include metallic simple substances such as iron, aluminum, cooper, tin, platinum, silver, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, cadmium, titanium, nickel, palladium, indium, stainless steel, and brass; plastic materials prepared by depositing or laminating the above metal; and glasses coated with aluminum iodide, tin oxide, and indium oxide.
The conductive substrate may be in the form of a sheet or drum according to the structure of the image forming apparatus to be used. The substrate itself may have the conductivity, or the surface of the substrate may have the conductivity. The conductive substrate may be preferably those having a sufficient mechanical strength on use.
When the photosensitive layer is formed by the coating method, a dispersion is prepared by dispersing and mixing the above hole transferring material, electric charge generating material, electron acceptor and binder resin, together with a proper solvent, using a known method such as roll mill, ball mill, attritor, paint shaker, and ultrasonic dispersing equipment, and then the resulting dispersion is coated by using a known means and dried.
As the solvent for preparing the dispersion, various organic solvents can be used. The organic solvent includes, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, octane, and cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cylohexanone; esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; and dimethylformaldehyde, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. These solvents can be used alone, or two or more kinds of them can be used in combination.
To improve the dispersion properties of the hole transferring material, electric charge generating material and electron acceptor, and the smoothness of the surface of the photosensitive layer, for example, surfactants and leveling agents may be used.
On the other hand, the image forming apparatus of the present invention is a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus using the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the term (1), comprising at least a principal charge step, an exposure step, a development step and a transfer step along the forward direction of the electrophotosensitive material, characterized in that a voltage to be applied in the transfer step has a polarity reverse to a voltage to be applied in the charge step. Examples of the image forming apparatus include digital copying machine, facsimile and laser beam printer.
Even if the single-layer type electrophotosensitive material of the present invention is used in the above image forming apparatus including no charge neutralizing step, no memory image is generated because of very small transfer and exposure memories.
As described above, the cleaning step may be omitted sometimes, similar to the charge neutralizing step, in order to reduce the size of the image forming apparatus and initial cost.
The following Examples and Comparative Examples further illustrate the present invention in detail. The following embodiments are illustrative, and they should not be construed to limit the technical scope of the present invention.
2.0 Parts by weight of a X type metal-free phthalocyanine (CGM-1) as the electric charge generating material, 70 parts by weight of a hole transferring material (HTM-1) represented by the general formula (1), 40 parts by weight of electron transferring materials (ETM-1 to ETM-8) represented by the general formulas (2), (3), (4) and (5), 100 parts by weight a bis-Z type polycarbonate resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 30,000 as the binder resin and 800 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were dispersed or dissolved in a ball mill for 24 hours to prepare a coating solution for single-layer type photosensitive layer. Then, an alumina tube as the substrate was coated with the coating solution according to a dip coating method, followed by hot-air drying at 125° C. for 30 minutes to form a single-layer type photosensitive material having a photosensitive layer of 20 μm in a film thickness.
In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 7, except that ETM-9 to ETM-11 were used as the electron transferring material, single-layer type photosensitive materials were produced.
In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 8, except that titanyl phthalocyanine (CGM-2) was used as the electric charge generating material, single-layer type photosensitive materials were produced.
In the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, except that titanyl phthalocyanine (CGM-2) was used as the electric charge generating material, single-layer type photosensitive materials were produced.
With respect to the single-layer type photosensitive materials of the respective Examples and Comparative Examples, the following respective characteristics were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Among these data, a relationship between a transfer memory potential, an exposure memory potential, and a difference in absolution value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity is shown in FIG. 1.
<Evaluation of plus polarity sensitivity>
Using a drum sensitivity tester (manufactured by GENTEC Co. under the trade name of GENTEC SINCIA 30 M)), a voltage was applied to the electrophotosensitive materials of the respective Examples and Comparative Examples to charge the surface at +800 V. Then, the surface of each photosensitive material (exposure time: 100 msec.) was irradiated (exposure energy: 1.0 μJ/cm2) with monochromic light having a wavelength of 780 nm (half-width: 20 nm, light intensity: 20 μW/cm2) from white light of a halogen lamp as an exposure light source through a band-pass filter, and then a surface potential at the time at which 500 msec. have passed since the beginning of exposure was measured as a potential after exposure VLP (V). The smaller the potential after exposure, the higher the sensitivity of the photosensitive material.
[Evaluation of minus polarity sensitivity]
In the same manner as in case of the <evaluation of plus polarity sensitivity>, except that a voltage was applied to the electrophotosensitive materials of the respective Examples and Comparative Examples to charge the surface at −800 V using a drum sensitivity tester (manufactured by GENTEC Co. under the trade name of GENTEC SINCIA 30 M)), a surface potential at the time at which 500 msec. have passed since the beginning of exposure was measured as a potential after exposure VLN (V)
<Evaluation of transfer memory potential>
After the electrophotosensitive materials of the respective Examples and Comparative Examples were installed in a multifunction printer Antico 40 excluding a charge neutralizing lamp, manufactured by KYOCERA-MITA Co., Ltd., a surface potential on application of no transfer bias and a surface potential on application of a transfer bias after the following charge step were measured and a difference between them was taken as a transfer memory potential. The case where the transfer memory potential is 45 V or less at which no transfer memory image is generated was rated “Pass”, whereas, the case where the transfer memory potential is 45 V or more was rated “Fail”.
<Evaluation of exposure memory potential>
After the electrophotosensitive materials of the respective Examples and Comparative Examples were installed in a multifunction printer Antico 40 excluding a charge neutralizing lamp, manufactured by KYOCERA-MITA Co., Ltd., a surface potential on no exposure and a surface potential on exposure after the following charge step were measured and a difference between them was taken as an exposure memory potential. Similar to the case of the transfer memory potential, the case where the exposure memory potential is 45 V or less at which no transfer memory image is generated was rated “Pass”, whereas, the case where the exposure memory potential is 45 V or more was rated “Fail”.
<Evaluation of transfer memory image>
After the electrophotosensitive materials of the respective Examples and Comparative Examples were installed in a multifunction printer Antico 40 excluding a charge neutralizing lamp, manufactured by KYOCERA-MITA Co., Ltd., a printing test was carried out and it was visually judged whether a transfer memory image is generated or not. As shown in FIG. 2 , the transfer memory image refers to an image wherein a black lateral band was generated in a drum longitudinal direction by a reduction in surface potential of the photosensitive material at the portion to which the transfer bias was applied in case where the printing test was carried out using an original having a gray front surface (Munsell value: N=6.5).
<Evaluation of exposure memory image>
After the electrophotosensitive materials of the respective Examples and Comparative Examples were installed in a multifunction printer Antico 40 excluding a charge neutralizing lamp, manufactured by KYOCERA-MITA Co., Ltd., a printing test was carried out and it was visually judged whether an exposure memory image is generated or not. The exposure memory image refers to an image wherein a ghost image of the exposed portion was generated at the gray portion by a reduction in surface potential of the photosensitive material at the strongly exposed portion (black solid portion) in case where the printing test was carried out using an original as shown in FIG. 3.
| TABLE 1 | |||||||||
| Plus | Minus | Difference in | Transfer | Exposure | Exposure | ||||
| polarity | polarity | absolute value | memory | memory | memory | ||||
| Kind of | sensitivity | sensitivity | of sensitivity | potential | potential | Transfer | potential | ||
| ETM | (V) | (V) | (V) | (V) | (V) | memory image | (V) | ||
| Example 1 | ET-1 | 132 | 150 | 18 | 15 | 10 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 2 | ET-2 | 141 | 290 | 149 | 20 | 26 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 3 | ET-3 | 144 | 341 | 197 | 30 | 32 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 4 | ET-4 | 150 | 352 | 202 | 26 | 10 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 5 | ET-5 | 131 | 153 | 22 | 15 | 25 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 6 | ET-6 | 205 | 322 | 117 | 35 | 32 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 7 | ET-7 | 252 | 550 | 298 | 35 | 36 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 8 | ET-8 | 223 | 704 | 481 | 25 | 44 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Comp. | ET-9 | 131 | 652 | 521 | 55 | 66 | Lateral black | Ghost image was |
| Example 1 | band was | generated | ||||||
| generated | ||||||||
| Comp. | ET-10 | 123 | 663 | 540 | 70 | 76 | Lateral black | Ghost image was |
| Example 2 | band was | generated | ||||||
| generated | ||||||||
| Comp. | ET-11 | 130 | 661 | 531 | 85 | 90 | Lateral black | Ghost image was |
| Example 3 | band was | generated | ||||||
| generated | ||||||||
| TABLE 2 | |||||||||
| Plus | Minus | Difference in | Transfer | Exposure | Exposure | ||||
| polarity | polarity | absolute value | memory | memory | memory | ||||
| Kind of | sensitivity | sensitivity | of sensitivity | potential | potential | Transfer | potential | ||
| ETM | (V) | (V) | (V) | (V) | (V) | memory image | (V) | ||
| Example 9 | ET-1 | 109 | 128 | 19 | 13 | 4 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 10 | ET-2 | 112 | 250 | 138 | 18 | 24 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 11 | ET-3 | 109 | 312 | 203 | 24 | 29 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 12 | ET-4 | 115 | 320 | 205 | 22 | 5 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 13 | ET-5 | 108 | 322 | 14 | 13 | 25 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 14 | ET-6 | 173 | 290 | 117 | 32 | 30 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 15 | ET-7 | 211 | 523 | 312 | 33 | 30 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Example 16 | ET-8 | 189 | 675 | 486 | 20 | 42 | No memory image | No memory image |
| was generated | was generated | |||||||
| Comp. | ET-9 | 100 | 623 | 523 | 56 | 60 | Lateral black | Ghost image was |
| Example 4 | band was | generated | ||||||
| generated | ||||||||
| Comp. | ET-10 | 95 | 630 | 535 | 68 | 70 | Lateral black | Ghost image was |
| Example 5 | band was | generated | ||||||
| generated | ||||||||
| Comp. | ET-11 | 103 | 620 | 517 | 90 | 86 | Lateral black | Ghost image was |
| Example 6 | band was | generated | ||||||
| generated | ||||||||
As is apparent from Table 1, Table 2 and FIG. 1 , when a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity is 500 V or less, both of a transfer memory potential and an exposure memory potential becomes 45 V or less so that no memory image is generated.
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application Serial No.11-302914, filed on Oct. 25, 1999, is incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (11)
1. A single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, characterized in that the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 μJ/cm2 is not more than 500 V.
2. The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 1 , wherein the absolute value of the plus polarity sensitivity is smaller than that of the minus polarity sensitivity.
3. The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 2 , which contains, as the hole transferring material, a compound represented by the general formula (1):
wherein R1 and R3 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent; and R2 and R4 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent, provided that R2 and R4 are hydrogen atoms when R2 and R4 are substituted at the para-position.
4. The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 2 , which contains, as the electron transferring material, at least one selected from the group of compounds represented by the general formula (2):
wherein R5 represents a halogen atom, or an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent; and R6 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent, or a group: —O—R6a, which represents an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent;
the general formula (3):
wherein R7 and R8 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, or a nitro group; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3;
the general formula (4):
wherein R9a, R9b, R9c are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent; and
the general formula (5):
wherein R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, or nitro group; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3.
5. The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 2 , which contains, as the hole transferring material, a compound represented by the general formula (1) and, as the electron transferring material, a compound represented by the general formula (2).
6. The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 2 , wherein the content of the phthalocyanine compound is from 0.1 to 4.0% by weight based on the weight of the binder resin.
7. The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 2 , which contains, as the binder resin, a bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 15,000 to 100,000.
8. The single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 2 , wherein the film thickness of the photosensitive layer is from 10 to 35 μm.
9. A method of producing a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, the photosensitive layer containing a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, characterized in that the photosensitive layer is formed by selecting the phthalocyanine compound, hole transferring material, electron transferring material and binder resin so that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity is not more than 500 V under the measuring conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 μJ/cm2.
10. The method of producing a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material according to claim 9 , wherein said electron transferring material is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (2):
wherein R5 represents a halogen atom, or an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent; and R6 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent, or a group: —O—R6a, which represents an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent;
the formula (3):
wherein R7 and R8 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, or a nitro group; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3;
the formula (4):
wherein R9a, R9b, R9c and R9d are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom,
or an alkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent; and
the formula (5):
wherein R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, or nitro group; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3.
11. A method for reversal development in a digital image forming apparatus comprising charging the apparatus with the single-layer electrophotosensitive material of claim 1 , carrying out an exposure of an image, developing said image and transferring said image along a forward direction of the electrophotosensitive material, wherein a voltage is applied in the transferring which has a polarity reverse to a voltage to be applied in the charging , further wherein the method does not include a charge neutralizing step.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/964,296 USRE39516E1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2004-10-14 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
| US12/585,448 USRE42189E1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2009-09-15 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30291499 | 1999-10-25 | ||
| US09/595,906 US6190812B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2000-06-20 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
| US10/964,296 USRE39516E1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2004-10-14 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/595,906 Reissue US6190812B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2000-06-20 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/595,906 Reissue US6190812B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2000-06-20 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE39516E1 true USRE39516E1 (en) | 2007-03-13 |
Family
ID=44680791
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/595,906 Ceased US6190812B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2000-06-20 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
| US10/964,296 Ceased USRE39516E1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2004-10-14 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
| US12/585,448 Expired - Lifetime USRE42189E1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2009-09-15 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/595,906 Ceased US6190812B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2000-06-20 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/585,448 Expired - Lifetime USRE42189E1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2009-09-15 | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6190812B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1184728B1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2008-01-02 | Kyocera Mita Corporation | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material |
| KR100619036B1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-09-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Manufacturing method of single layer photosensitive layer forming coating composition using homogenizer |
| JP2007248946A (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus |
| JP6350389B2 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-07-04 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | Image forming apparatus |
| WO2017187838A1 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and image-forming device |
| JP6569808B2 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-09-04 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
| JP6617690B2 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-12-11 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4264695A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1981-04-28 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photosensitive material with electron donors and electron acceptors |
| JPH03256050A (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1991-11-14 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Bichargeable organic sensitive body for electrophotography |
| US5474868A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-12-12 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoconductor with lignin |
| JPH0822136A (en) | 1994-07-04 | 1996-01-23 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic method |
| US5492784A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-02-20 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Positively-chargeable single-layered type electrophotographic photoconductor |
| US5498502A (en) * | 1994-01-17 | 1996-03-12 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Negative charging type printing photosensitive resin composition |
| JPH0977763A (en) | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-25 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Dioxotetracenedione derivative and electrophotographic receptor produced by using the derivative |
| JPH09151157A (en) | 1995-09-25 | 1997-06-10 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Naphthoquinone derivative and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same |
| JPH09281729A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-31 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| EP0863442A2 (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-09 | Mita Industrial Co. Ltd. | Naphthoquinone derivative and electrophotosensitive material using the same |
| JPH10239874A (en) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-09-11 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| US5932383A (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 1999-08-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic photosensitive member and process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus including same |
| JP2001228637A (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-08-24 | Fuji Denki Gazo Device Kk | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic device |
| JP2001305755A (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-02 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming device using the same |
| JP2001312075A (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-11-09 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Monolayer electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming device having no charge neutralizing system by using the same |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3901496A1 (en) | 1988-01-21 | 1989-08-03 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Electrophotographic printer |
| JPH0333751A (en) | 1989-06-30 | 1991-02-14 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
| DE69217566T2 (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1997-06-12 | Mita Industrial Co Ltd | Electrophotographic organic photosensitive material |
| JP2730808B2 (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1998-03-25 | 三田工業株式会社 | Organic photoreceptor for electrophotography |
| JP3105602B2 (en) | 1991-11-29 | 2000-11-06 | 京セラミタ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JPH06236048A (en) | 1993-02-09 | 1994-08-23 | Konica Corp | Production of photosensitive body |
| JPH07181818A (en) | 1993-02-26 | 1995-07-21 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Reversal developing system image forming device for preventing occurence of image mottle |
| JP3192528B2 (en) | 1993-05-31 | 2001-07-30 | 京セラミタ株式会社 | Organic photoreceptor for electrophotography |
| JP3257910B2 (en) | 1994-10-13 | 2002-02-18 | 京セラミタ株式会社 | Electrophotography |
| JP3572123B2 (en) | 1995-09-06 | 2004-09-29 | 京セラミタ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JPH09160379A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-20 | Brother Ind Ltd | Image forming device |
| US5867755A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 1999-02-02 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic type image forming device and developing roller for use in the device |
| JP3273542B2 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 2002-04-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| JPH10115945A (en) | 1996-10-14 | 1998-05-06 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic device |
| JPH11109657A (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-23 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic equipment |
| JP3897879B2 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2007-03-28 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member and electrophotographic image forming apparatus using the same |
| JP2000019748A (en) | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-21 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Negatively charged single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor |
-
2000
- 2000-06-20 US US09/595,906 patent/US6190812B1/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-10-14 US US10/964,296 patent/USRE39516E1/en not_active Ceased
-
2009
- 2009-09-15 US US12/585,448 patent/USRE42189E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4264695A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1981-04-28 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photosensitive material with electron donors and electron acceptors |
| JPH03256050A (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1991-11-14 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Bichargeable organic sensitive body for electrophotography |
| US5492784A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-02-20 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Positively-chargeable single-layered type electrophotographic photoconductor |
| US5474868A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-12-12 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoconductor with lignin |
| US5498502A (en) * | 1994-01-17 | 1996-03-12 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Negative charging type printing photosensitive resin composition |
| JPH0822136A (en) | 1994-07-04 | 1996-01-23 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic method |
| JPH0977763A (en) | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-25 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Dioxotetracenedione derivative and electrophotographic receptor produced by using the derivative |
| US5994012A (en) | 1995-09-25 | 1999-11-30 | Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. | Naphthoquinone derivative and electrophotosensitive material using same |
| JPH09151157A (en) | 1995-09-25 | 1997-06-10 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Naphthoquinone derivative and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same |
| JPH09281729A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-31 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| US5932383A (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 1999-08-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic photosensitive member and process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus including same |
| JPH10239874A (en) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-09-11 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| US6090514A (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2000-07-18 | Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JPH10251194A (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-22 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Naphthoquinone derivative and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same |
| EP0863442A2 (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-09 | Mita Industrial Co. Ltd. | Naphthoquinone derivative and electrophotosensitive material using the same |
| JP2001228637A (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-08-24 | Fuji Denki Gazo Device Kk | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic device |
| JP2001305755A (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-02 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming device using the same |
| JP2001312075A (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-11-09 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Monolayer electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming device having no charge neutralizing system by using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| USRE42189E1 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
| US6190812B1 (en) | 2001-02-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| USRE42189E1 (en) | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same | |
| US6593047B2 (en) | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material | |
| EP0353067B1 (en) | Electrophotographic photosensitive material containing m-phenylenediamine compound | |
| US6432595B1 (en) | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material and image forming apparatus using the same | |
| US6573017B2 (en) | Single-layer type electrophotosensitive material | |
| EP0707245B1 (en) | Electrophotographic method | |
| JP3638500B2 (en) | Single layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member and image forming apparatus using the same | |
| JP3722465B2 (en) | Image forming method and reverse development type digital image forming apparatus | |
| JP3748452B2 (en) | Single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| US5688620A (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a residual charge-suppressing fatty acid ester in the photoconductive layer | |
| JP4111399B2 (en) | Single layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member and image forming apparatus | |
| JPH0641041A (en) | Hydrazone-based compound and photosensitive body using the same | |
| JPH07209886A (en) | Electrophotographic organic photoreceptor | |
| JP2991797B2 (en) | Carbazole compounds and photoreceptors using the same | |
| JP3798409B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor for wet development and image forming apparatus for wet development | |
| JPH06118672A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JP2518834B2 (en) | Charge generation material for electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JP3486708B2 (en) | Positively charged organic electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| US6054237A (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process for producing the same, and image forming apparatus using same | |
| US6309784B1 (en) | Charge transport layers and/or charge generation layers comprising unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and photoconductors including the same | |
| JPH07152175A (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JP2002328480A (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JPH09160270A (en) | Positively charged organic electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JPH06266130A (en) | Single layer type electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JPH06186760A (en) | Single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
| FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| RF | Reissue application filed |
Effective date: 20090915 |
|
| CC | Certificate of correction | ||
| FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |