USRE37363E1 - Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine - Google Patents
Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE37363E1 USRE37363E1 US09/359,770 US35977099A USRE37363E US RE37363 E1 USRE37363 E1 US RE37363E1 US 35977099 A US35977099 A US 35977099A US RE37363 E USRE37363 E US RE37363E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molybdenum
- acid
- carbon atoms
- oil
- amine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 163
- -1 molybdenum carboxylate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CKDDRHZIAZRDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CKDDRHZIAZRDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CVKMFSAVYPAZTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(C)C(O)=O CVKMFSAVYPAZTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- AXXBSLWCWNGFPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclodecanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCCCCCC1 AXXBSLWCWNGFPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane carboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCCCC1 VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OJCIECFVKMNUAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid;undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OJCIECFVKMNUAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- KFEVDPWXEVUUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KFEVDPWXEVUUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);1,10-phenanthroline;dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003424 phenylacetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003279 phenylacetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 50
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 49
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229940035422 diphenylamine Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [H]N(C)C Chemical compound [H]N(C)C ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)-N-phenylaniline Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YKJSOAKPHMIDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-ethylhexanoate;molybdenum(4+) Chemical compound [Mo+4].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O YKJSOAKPHMIDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanediamide Chemical class NC(=O)CCC(N)=O SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZGDGVGVOFIGJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,2-n-di(butan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCC(C)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(C)CC ZGDGVGVOFIGJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUZVLYNISQOZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-ditert-butylaniline Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(N)=C1 NUZVLYNISQOZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFCPRRWCTNLGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-phenylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 NFCPRRWCTNLGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDACNGSDAFKTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxydiphenylamine Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NDACNGSDAFKTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKYFQPQIOXXPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tetradecylaniline Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 WKYFQPQIOXXPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M129/32—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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- C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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- C10M129/58—Naphthenic acids
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- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M145/16—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate polycarboxylic
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Definitions
- This invention relates to lubricating oil compositions, their method of preparation, and use. More specifically this invention relates to lubricating oil compositions which contain a molybdenum compound and a secondary diarylamine wherein the molybdenum compound is substantially free of active sulfur. The use of both the molybdenum and amine within certain concentrations provide improved oxidation control and friction modifier performance to lubricating oil compositions.
- the lubricating oil compositions of this invention are particularly useful as crankcase lubricants.
- Lubricating oils as used in the internal combustion engines of automobiles or trucks are subjected to a demanding environment during use. This environment results in the oil suffering oxidation which is catalyzed by the presence of impurities in the oil such as iron compounds and is also promoted by the elevated temperatures of the oil during use. This oxidation of lubrication oils during use is usually controlled to some extent by the use of antioxidant additives which may extend the useful life of the oil, particularly by reducing or preventing unacceptable viscosity increases.
- molybdenum acts synergistically with secondary diarylamines to provide significant improvement in oxidation control.
- the molybdenum compounds also act as friction modifiers to provide substantial fuel economy performance.
- Lubricant compositions containing various molybdenum compounds and aromatic amines have been used in lubricating oils.
- Such compositions include active sulfur or phosphorus as part of the molybdenum compound, use additional metallic additives, various amine additives which are different from those used in this invention, and/or have concentrations of molybdenum and amine which do not show the synergistic results obtained by this invention.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,394,279 of Jul. 19, 1983 to L. de Vries et al. discloses an antioxidant additive combination for lubrication oils prepared by combining (a) an active sulfur containing molybdenum compound prepared by reacting an acidic molybdenum compound, a basic nitrogen compound and carbon disulfide with (b) an aromatic amine compound.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,857 of May 23, 1989 to Amoco Corp discloses a process for preparation of overbased molybdenum alkaline earth metal and alkali metal dispersions for use in lubricating oil compositions.
- WO95/07962 of Mar. 23, 1995 to A. Richie et al. discloses a crankcase lubricant composition for use in automobile or truck engines which contains copper, molybdenum, and aromatic amines.
- this publication recites a very broad range of concentrations for the molybdenum and the amine whereas the concentrations of amine used with the molybdenum in the examples of that publication is well outside the range which this invention has found to be synergistic.
- molybdenum compounds of this reference contain active sulphur, phosphorus, and other elements and the amines include compounds such as primary amines which were not found synergistic with the molybdenum carboxylates of this invention.
- WO95/07963 of 23 Mar. 1995 to H. Shaub discloses highly sulfurized molybdenum compounds and various secondary aromatic amines having at least one aromatic group for producing a synergistic antioxidant effect when used as an antioxidant additive for lubricating oils. Again the molybdenum compounds contain active sulfur.
- WO95/07966 of 23 Mar. 1995 to J. Atherton et al. discloses engine oil lubricants of various molybdenum compounds including that of some with active sulfur, certain organo-phosphorus compounds, an aminic antioxidant and a phenolic antioxidant within certain proportions.
- this invention is directed to a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising (a) a major amount of lubrication oil, (b) an oil soluble molybdenum compound substantially free of active sulfur which provides about 100 to 450 parts per million of molybdenum, and (c) about 750 to 5,000 parts per million (ppm) of an oil soluble secondary diarylamine.
- the invention is directed to a method for improving the antioxidant and friction properties of a lubricant by incorporating in the lubricant a molybdenum compound which is substantially free of active sulfur and a secondary diarylamine in the above described concentrations.
- the invention is directed to a lubrication oil concentrate comprising a solvent and a combination of from about 2.5 to 90 percent by weight of an oil soluble molybdenum compound which is substantially free of active sulfur and an oil soluble secondary diarylamine wherein the weight ratio of molybdenum from the molybdenum compound to the diarylamine in the concentrate is from about 0.020 to 0.60 parts of molybdenum for each part of amine.
- the invention is directed to a lubricating composition prepared by mixing 100 to 450 parts per million of oil soluble molybdenum compound substantially free of active sulfur and 750 to 5,000 parts of a secondary diaryl amine in a lubricating composition.
- the invention is directed to a lubrication oil concentrate prepared by dissolving in about 10 to 97.5 parts of a solvent a total of 2.5 to 90 parts of an oil soluble molybdenum compound substantially free of active sulfur and an oil soluble secondary diaryl amine.
- the molybdenum compound used in the various compositions and methods of this invention is substantially free of sulfur.
- compositions of this invention have various uses as lubricants such as for automotive and truck crankcase lubricants as well as transmission lubricants.
- a key advantage of this invention is the multifunctional nature of the molybdenum/diarylamine combination and the relatively low treat levels required for a performance benefit.
- This additive combination provides both oxidation control and friction control to the oil. This reduces the need for supplemental oxidation protection and frictional properties and should reduce the overall cost of the entire additive package. Further cost reduction is gained by the low treat levels employed.
- the molybdenum compound used in this invention can be any molybdenum compound which is soluble in the lubricant of formulated lubricant package and is substantially free of active sulfur.
- soluble or “oil soluble” is meant that the compound is oil soluble or solubilized under normal blending conditions into the lubrication oil or concentrate thereof.
- Active sulfur is sulfur which is not fully oxidized. Active sulfur further oxidizes and becomes more acidic in the oil upon use.
- sulfur such as divalent sulfur is active sulfur whereas the sulfur in a sulfonate group is fully oxidized and thus non-active sulfur. It is preferred however that the molybdenum compound be substantially free of all sulfur.
- the molybdenum compound contains less than about 0.5% by weight of the material in question, e.g., active sulfur which is generally an insufficient amount to add significantly to corrosion.
- the sulfur content of some commercially available molybdenum compounds can often have as much as about 1,000 ppm of sulfur as a contaminant and occasionally there can be as much as 2,000 ppm of the active sulfur. Such small amounts often come from contamination in processing the various ingredients involved.
- alkphenyl or “alkaryl” we mean a phenyl or aryl group, respectively, which contains an alkyl substituent.
- a molybdenum source such as ammonium molybdates, alkali and alkaline earth metal molybdates, molybdenum trioxide, and molybdenum acetylacetonates and an active hydrogen compound such as alcohols and polyols, primary and secondary amines and polyamines, phenols, ketones, anilines, etc.
- an active hydrogen compound such as alcohols and polyols, primary and secondary amines and polyamines, phenols, ketones, anilines,
- the main purpose for adding the molybdenum-free overbased sulfonates is to provide detergency.
- the overbased molybdenum sulfonates such as those described by Hunt et al are expected to provide synergistic antioxidant protection to lubricants.
- the molybdenum containing overbased alkaline earth metal and alkali metal sulfonates, phenates, and salicylates are prepared by a process which comprises:
- Molybdenum complexes prepared by reacting a fatty oil, a diethanolamine and a molybdenum source as described by Rowan et al in U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,647 of Dec. 26, 1989;
- Molybdenum salts such as the carboxylates are a preferred group of molybdenum compounds.
- the molybdenum salts used in this invention may be completely dehydrated (complete removal of water during preparation), or partially dehydrated. They may be salts of the same anion or mixed salts, meaning that they are formed from more than one type of acid.
- suitable anions there can be mentioned chloride, carboxylate, nitrate, sulfonate, or any other anion.
- the molybdenum carboxylates may be derived from any organic carboxylic acid.
- the molybdenum carboxylate is preferably that of a monocarboxylic acid such a that having from about 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Such acids can be hydrocarbon aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic carboxylic acids.
- Monocarboxylic acids such as those of aliphatic acids having about 4 to 18 carbon atoms are preferred, particularly those having an alkyl group of about 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the alicyclic acids may generally contain from 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic acids may generally contain one or two fused rings and contain from 7 to 14 carbon atoms wherein the carboxyl group may or may not be attached to the ring.
- the carboxylic acid can be a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having from about 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- carboxylic acids that may be used to prepare the molybdenum carboxylates include: butyric acid; valeric acid; caproic acid heptanoic acid; cyclohexanecarboxylic acid; cyclodecanoic acid; naphthenic acid; phenyl acetic acid; 2- methylhexanoic acid; 2-ethylhexanoic acid; suberic acid; octanoic acid; nonanoic acid; decanoic acid; undecanoic acid; lauric acid, tridecanoic acid; myristic acid; pentadecanoic acid; palmitic acid; linolenic acid; heptadecanoic acid; stearic acid; oleic acid; nonadecanoic acid; eicosanoic acid; heneicosanoic acid; do
- 3,578,690 prepares its molybdenum carboxylates by reacting molybdenum oxide, molybdenum halide, alkali earth molybdate, alkaline earth molybdate, ammonium molybdate or mixtures of molybdenum sources with carboxylic acids at elevated temperatures and with removal of water.
- composition of the oil soluble molybdenum carboxylates can vary. Most of the literature refers to these compounds as molybdenum carboxylates. They have also been referred to as molybdenum carboxylate salts, molybdenyl (Mo O 2 2+ ) carboxylates and molybdenyl carboxylate salts, molybdenum carboxylic acid salts, and molybdenum salts of carboxylic acids.
- the concentration of the molybdenum from the molybdenum compound in the lubricant composition can vary depending upon the customer's requirements and applications.
- the actual amount of molybdenum added is based on the desired final molybdenum level in the lubricating composition. From about 100 to 450 parts per million of molybdenum are used in this invention based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition which may be formulated to contain additional additives and preferably about 100 to 250 parts per million of molybdenum and particularly 125 to 250 ppm are used based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the quantity of additive e.g., molybdenum carboxylate to provide molybdenum, is based on the total weight of the formulated or unformulated lubricating oil composition.
- the secondary diarylamines are well known antioxidants and there is no particular restriction on the type of secondary diarylamine used in the invention.
- the secondary diarylamine antioxidant has the general formula:
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- substituents for the aryl there can be mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl having from about 1 to 20 carbon atoms, hydroxy, carboxyl or nitro, e.g., an alkaryl group having from 7 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
- the aryl is preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl, particularly wherein one or both of the aryl groups are substituted with an alkyl such as one having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms. It is further preferred that both aryl groups be substituted, e.g. alkyl substituted phenyl.
- the secondary diarylamines used in this invention can be of a structure other than that shown in the above formula which shows but one nitrogen atom in the molecule.
- the secondary diarylamine can be of a different structure provided that at least one nitrogen has 2 aryl groups attached thereto, e.g., as in the case of various diamines having a secondary nitrogen atom as well as two aryls on one of the nitrogens.
- the secondary diarylamines used in this invention preferably have antioxidant properties in lubricating oils, even in the absence of the molybdenum compound.
- the secondary diarylamines used in this invention should be soluble in the formulated crankcase oil package.
- examples of some secondary diarylamines that may be used in this invention include: diphenyl amine; various alkylated diphenylamines, 3-hydroxydiphenylamine; N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine; dibutyldiphenylamine; dioctyldiphenylamine; dinonyldiphenylamine; phenyl-alipha-naphthylamine; phenyl-beta-naphthylamine; diheptyldiphenylamine; and p-oriented styrenated diphenylamine.
- the concentration of the secondary diarylamine in the lubricating composition can vary depending upon the customer's requirements and applications.
- a practical diarylamine use range in the lubricating composition is from about 750 parts per million to 5,000 parts per million (i.e. 0.075 to 0.5 wt %), preferably the concentration is from 1,000 to 4,000 parts per million (ppm) and particularly from about 1,200 to 3,000 ppm by weight. Quantities of less than 750 ppm have little or minimal effectiveness whereas quantities larger than 5,000 ppm are not economical.
- the quantity of molybdenum in relation to the quantity of the secondary amine should be within a certain ratio.
- the quantity of molybdenum should be about 0.020 to 0.6 parts by weight for each part by weight of the amine in the lubricating oil composition.
- this ratio will be from about 0.040 to 0.40 parts of the molybdenum per part of the amine and particularly about 0.05 to 0.3 parts of the molybdenum per part of the amine.
- the total quantity of molybdenum and amine can be provided by one or more than one molybdenum or amine compound.
- the composition of the lubricant oil can vary significantly based on the customer and specific application.
- the oil is a formulated oil which is composed of between 75 and 95 wt % of a mineral lubrication oil, between 0 and 10 wt % of a polymeric viscosity index improver, and between about 5 and 15 wt % (weight percent) of an additive package.
- the additive package generally contains the following components:
- the dispersants are nonmetallic additives containing nitrogen or oxygen polar groups attached to a high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain.
- the hydrocarbon chain provides solubility on the hydrocarbon base stocks.
- the dispersant functions to keep oil degradation products suspended in the oil.
- Examples of commonly used dispersants include copolymers such as polymethacrylates and styrenemaleinic ester copolymers, substituted succinamides, polyamine succinamides, polyhydroxy succinic esters, substituted mannich bases, and substituted triazoles.
- the dispersant is present in the finished oil between about 4.0 and8.5 wt %.
- the detergents are metallic additives containing charged polar groups, such as sulfonates or carboxylates, with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or alkylaromatic chains, and several metal ions.
- the detergents function by lifting deposits from the various surfaces of the engine. Examples of commonly used detergents include neutral and overbased alkali and alkaline earth metal sulfonates, neutral and overbased alkali and alkaline earth metal phenates, sulfurized phenates, overbased alkaline earth salicylates, phosphonates, thiopyrophosphonate, and thiophosphonates.
- the detergents are present in the finished oil between about 1.0 and 2.5 wt %.
- ZDDP's The ZDDP's (zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates) are the most commonly used antiwear additives in formulated lubricants. These additives function by reaction with the metal surface to form a new surface active compound which itself is deformed and thus protects the original engine surface. Other examples of anti-wear additives include tricresol phosphate, dilauryl phosphate, sulfurized terpenes and sulfurized fats.
- the ZDDP's also function as antioxidants. Generally, the ZDDP is present in the finished oil between about 1.0 and 1.5 wt %, although when used, they can be used at substantially lower concentrations, e.g., 0.5 wt %. It is desirable from environmental concerns to have lower levels of ZDDP.
- antioxidants in molybdenum-free oils other antioxidants in addition to the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates are used to protect the oil from oxidative degradation.
- the amount of supplemental antioxidant will vary depending on the oxidative stability of the base stock. Typical treat levels in finished oils can vary from about 1.0 to 2.5 wt %.
- the supplementary antioxidants that are generally used include hindered phenols, hindered bisphenols, sulfurized phenols, alkylated diphenylamines, sulfurized olefins, alkyl sulfides and disulfides, dialkyl dithiocarbamates,and phenothiazines.
- molybdenum carboxylates with diphenylamines removes the need for these supplementary antioxidatives.
- a supplementary antioxidant may be included in oils that are less oxidatively stable or in oils that are subjected to unusually severe conditions.
- the lubrication oil component of this invention may be selected from any of the synthetic or natural oils used as lubricants such as that for crankcase lubrication oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, for example automobiles and truck engines, marine, and a railroad diesel engines.
- Synthetic base oils include alkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids, polyglycols and alcohols, poly-alpha-olefins, including polybutenes, alkyl benzenes, organic esters of phosphoric acids, and polysilicone oils.
- Natural base oils include mineral lubrication oils which may vary widely as to their crude source, e.g., as to whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic.
- the lubrication oil base stock conveniently has a viscosity of about 2.5 to about 15 cSt or mm 2/ s and preferably about 2.5 to about 11 cSt or mm 2/ s at 100° C.
- a polymeric viscosity index improver (VII) component may be used in this invention and such component may be selected from any of the known viscosity index improvers.
- the function of the VII is to reduce the rate of change of viscosity with temperature, i.e. they cause minimal increase in engine oil viscosity at low temperature but considerable increase at high temperature.
- examples of viscosity index improvers include polyisobutylenes, polymethacrylates, ethylene/propylene copolymers, polyacrylates, styrene/maleic ester copolymers, and hydrogenated styrene/butadiene copolymers.
- supplemental additives that perform specific functions not provided by the main components.
- additional additives include, pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, foam inhibitors and supplemental friction modifiers.
- the lubricating oil compositions of this invention can be made by adding the molybdenum additive and the secondary diarylamine additive in a lubricant oil composition.
- the composition can also contain additional additives such as dispersants, detergents, zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophsophates, and still additional antioxidants.
- additional additives such as dispersants, detergents, zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophsophates, and still additional antioxidants.
- the method or order of component addition is not critical.
- the combination of molybdenum and amine additives can be added to the lubrication oil as a concentrate with or without such concentrate containing the remaining additives.
- the lubricating oil concentrate will comprise a solvent and from about 2.5 to 90 weight percent (wt %) and preferably 5 to 75 wt % of the combination of the molybdenum additive and amine additive of this invention.
- the solvent may be that of hydrocarbon oils, e.g., mineral lubrication oil or a synthetic oil.
- the ratio of molybdenum to amine in the concentrate composition is from about 0.02 to 0.6 parts of molybdenum per part of amine and preferably from about 0.04 to 0.4 parts of molybdenum for each part of the amine by weight.
- the concentrate may contain additional additives as is conventional in the art, e.g., dispersants, detergents, and zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates.
- the molybdenum compound in this invention is preferably substantially free of phosphorus and substantially free of active sulfur and it is particularly preferred to have the molybdenum compound substantially free of sulfur whether active or otherwise.
- the following example shows the antioxidant synergism that exist,; when molybdenum naphthenate and a diphenylamine are formulated into an ADE Grade 5W-30 type motor oil.
- the example also shows that this antioxidant behavior is unique when compared to other metals.
- the DSC cell was pressurized with 500 psi air and programmed with the following heating sequence: (1) jump from ambient to 165° C., (2) jump from 165° C. to 175° C. at 2 C/min, (3) isothermal at 175° C.
- the oil samples were held at 175° C. until an exothermic release of heat was observed.
- the exothermic release of heat marks the oxidation reaction.
- the time from the start of the experiment to the exothermic release of heat is called the oxidation induction time and is a measure of the oxidative stability of the oil (i.e. the longer the oxidation induction time the greater the oxidative stability of the oil). All oils are evaluated in duplicate and the results averaged.
- the improved oxidative stability of the oil is predominantly due to the presence of molybdenum naphthenate and diphenylamine.
- the other metals show very little effect, or a negative effect, on the oxidative stability of the oil.
- the other metals show no interaction effect, or a negative interaction effect, with the diphenylamine.
- Ce Nap is cesium naphthenate
- Co Nap is cobalt naphthenate
- Ni Oct is nickel octanoate
- Mo Nap is molybdenum naphthenate.
- concentration of metallic additives is expressed in parts per million of the metal.
- DPA is dinonyldiphenylamine which is expressed in percent by weight, e.g. 0.1 wt % being 1,000 ppm;
- Induction Time is the DSC Induction Time in minutes as an average.
- Molybdenum naphthenate and a variety of amines were blended into an SAE Grade 5W-30 type motor oil (formulated crankcase oil as described in Example 2) as shown in Table III and as further described below.
- the only additional antioxidant in these blends was the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.
- the oxidation stability of these oils was measured by pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) as described in Example 1. These oils were also subjected to the hot oil oxidation test described in Example 2.
- Example 3 The results of the tests of Example 3 are shown in Table III.
- Table III the first column is the test number involved.
- the column headed “A” shows the concentration of molybdenum naphthenate expressed in ppm of molybdenum.
- the remaining columns “B” through “J” show concentrations in weight percent wherein column “B” is that of dinonyl diphenylamine; column “C” is an alkylated diphenylamine trade named Naugalube 680, from Uniroyal Chemical Company; “D” is phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; “E” is disecbutyl phenylenediamine; “F” is 4-tetradecylaniline; “G” is 2,5-di-t-butylaniline; “H” is 2,6-diisopropyl aniline; “T” is di-n-decylamine; and “J” is that of process oil.
- Table IIIA wherein for each of the
- Molybdenum octoate and alkylated diphenylamine were blended into an SAE grade 5W-30 type motor oil as shown in Table IV. The only additional antioxidant in these blends was the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. The frictional properties of these oils were measured using the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig. In this instrument 1-2 mls (milliliters) of a sample oil are placed in a temperature controlled steel pan. A steel ball attached to a moveable arm is lowered into the pan. A load of 400 g is applied to the steel ball/arm assembly. The steel/ball arm assembly is oscillated at 20 Hz over a 1 mm (millimeter) path length.
- Mo-Oct is molybdenum octoate
- N-680 is alkylated diphenylamine
- t-Bu is t-butylphenols
- PO is process oil.
- Molybdenum 2-ethylhexanoate containing 13.0 wt % molybdenum and alkylated diphenylamine, Naugalube 680, from Uniroyal Chemical Company, were blended into an SAE grade 5W-30 motor oil as shown in Table V below.
- the control 5W-30 motor oil contained the following additives:
- the oxidative stability of these oils was measured by using the following Hot Oil Oxidation Test: Into 25 g of each motor oil was blended 0.8 g of catalyst mixture containing 5.55 wt % Iron (III) Naphthenate (6 wt % Fe content) and 94.45 wt % xylenes. Dry air was blown through the oil at a rate of 10 L/h (liters per hour) while maintaining the temperature at 160° C. for a period of 64 hours. The oil was cooled and the percent change in viscosity between the new oil and the oxidized oil was determined at 40° C. The lower percent change in viscosity for an oil is an indication of less oil degradation and thus better oxidation control by the additives.
- the abbreviation “% visc Incr” in Table V relates to percent viscosity increase. All oils were evaluated in duplicate and the results averaged. The results are found in Table IV.
- a sample of molybdenum octoate was diluted with paraffin oil, blended at 50° C. for 1 hour and filtered using a pressure filtration apparatus.
- the molybdenum content of the filtered oil was determined to be 2.91 wt %
- a series of lubrication formulations in accordance with this invention were tested in the Sequence IIIE engine test.
- the IIIE test uses a 231 CID (3.8 liter) Buick V-6 engine at high speed (3,000 pm) and a very high oil temperature of 149° C. for 64 hours. This test is used to evaluate an engine oil's ability to minimize oxidation, thickening, sludge, varnish, deposits, and wear.
- the formulations contained 7.0 wt % viscosity index improver, 7.0 wt % ashless dispersant, 1.1 wt % ZDDP, 1.4 wt % detergents, 0.5 wt % supplemental additives, with the remainder being mineral oil.
- supplemental antioxidants are indicated in Table VII along with the engine test results.
- Hindered, mixed t-butylphenol antioxidant, referred to as “Phenolic” in Table VII below and a secondary alkylated diphenylamine, referred to as “Amine” in Table VII below disclosed for use in this invention are commercially available.
- Formulation A also simply referred to in the table as “A” contained no molybdenum.
- the molybdenum source in formulation B simply referred to as “B” in the table is molybdenum octoate available from Shepherd Chemical Company.
- the molybdenum source in formulation C simply referred to as “C” in the table, is molybdenum 2-ethylhexanoate available from OM Group.
- the following example shows antioxidant synergism between molybdenum and a diarylamine wherein the molybdenum compound is not a carboxylate.
- Molyvan855 a sulfur and phosphorus free organic amide molybdenum complex supplied by R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. (CAS Reg. No. 64742-52-5), alkylated diphenylamine Naugalube 680, from Uniroyal Chemical Company, and process oil were blended into an SAE Grade 5W-30 type motor oil as shown in Table IX below.
- the formulated oil used in this example was the same as that used in Example 1.
- the only additional antioxidant in these blends was the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- the oxidation stability of these oils was measured by pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) as described in Example 1.
- the expected values are what one would observe if there were no synergism between the Molyvan 855 and the alkylated diphenylamine, i.e., the additives act independently of each other.
- the much larger measured OIT values versus the expected values clearly show the organic amide molybdenum complex/diphenylamine synergism.
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Abstract
Description
TABLE I |
PDSC Induction Times for Motor Oi1 Blends |
Concentration of Additives In SAE Grade 5W-30 Type Motor Oil* |
Oil | Ce | Co | Ni | Mo | Process | Induction | |
No. | Nap | Nap | Oct | Nap | DPA | Oil Wt. % | Time |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 1.50 | 41.8 |
2 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.27 | 16.5 |
3 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.27 | 26.4 |
4 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 26.5 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.35 | 16.1 |
6 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 28.1 |
7 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 33.5 |
8 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 22.7 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0.00 | 1.27 | 24.7 |
10 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 60.1 |
11 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 62.5 |
12 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.60 | 34.6 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 72.4 |
14 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 26.0 |
15 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 40.9 |
16 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 54.2 |
*A formulated crankcase oil containing 83.2 wt % base oil, 6.2 wt % polymeric viscosity index improver, 6.9 wt % ashless dispersant, 2.1 wt % calcium, sodium & magnesium overbased & neutral detergents, and 1.2 wt % zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. |
TABLE I |
PDSC Induction Times for Motor Oi1 Blends |
Concentration of Additives In SAE Grade 5W-30 Type Motor Oil* |
Oil | Ce | Co | Ni | Mo | Process | Induction | |
No. | Nap | Nap | Oct | Nap | DPA | Oil Wt. % | Time |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 1.50 | 41.8 |
2 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.27 | 16.5 |
3 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.27 | 26.4 |
4 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 26.5 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.35 | 16.1 |
6 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 28.1 |
7 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 33.5 |
8 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 22.7 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0.00 | 1.27 | 24.7 |
10 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 60.1 |
11 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 62.5 |
12 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.60 | 34.6 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 72.4 |
14 | 200 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 26.0 |
15 | 0 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 40.9 |
16 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 54.2 |
*A formulated crankcase oil containing 83.2 wt % base oil, 6.2 wt % polymeric viscosity index improver, 6.9 wt % ashless dispersant, 2.1 wt % calcium, sodium & magnesium overbased & neutral detergents, and 1.2 wt % zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. |
TABLE II |
Oxidative Stability of Motor oil Blends* |
by PDSC and the Hot Oil Oxidation Test |
Concentration | ||||||
of Additives | Process | Induc- | ||||
Oil | Mo Nap | N-680 | Oil | tion | Expected | Viscosity |
# | (As ppm Mo) | Wt % | Wt % | Time | Time | Increase |
1 | 0 | 0.000 | 1.25 | 28.4 | 28.4 | 303.18 |
2 | 125 | 0.000 | 1.04 | 35.1 | 35.1 | 671.48 |
3 | 250 | 0.000 | 0.83 | 33.0 | 33.0 | 362.22 |
4 | 0 | 0.075 | 1.18 | 44.9 | 44.9 | 44.64 |
5 | 125 | 0.075 | 0.97 | 63.5 | 51.6 | 36.93 |
6 | 250 | 0.075 | 0.76 | 73.0 | 49.5 | 66.10 |
7 | 0 | 0.150 | 1.10 | 62.5 | 62.5 | 31.61 |
8 | 125 | 0.150 | 0.89 | 107.8 | 69.2 | 11.93 |
9 | 250 | 0.150 | 0.68 | 108.7 | 67.1 | 10.02 |
*A formulated crankcase oil containing 83.2 wt % base oil, 6.2 wt % polymeric viscosity index improver, 6.9 wt % ashless dispersant, 2.1 wt % calcium, sodium, and magnesium overbased and neutral detergents, and 1.2 wt % zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. |
TABLE III |
Oxidation of Motor Oil Containing Molybdenum Naphthenates and Amines |
Concentration of additives in SAE Grade 5W-30 Type Motor Oil* |
Oil | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J |
0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.25 |
1 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.92 |
2 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.15 |
3 | 200 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
4 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.15 |
5 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
6 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.15 |
7 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
8 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.15 |
9 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.15 |
11 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
12 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.15 |
13 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
14 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 1.15 |
15 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
16 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 1.15 |
17 | 200 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.82 |
*A formulated crankcase oil containing 83.2 wt % base oil, 6.2 wt % polymeric viscosity index improver, 6.9 ashless dispersant, 2.1 wt % calcium, sodium and magnesium overbased & neutral detergents, and 1.2 wt % zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. |
TABLE IIIA | ||
Oxidation Induction Time | Viscosity Increase | |
By PDSC (min) | From 72 h HOOT (%) | |
Oil # | Avg From Duplicate Runs | Avg From Duplicate Runs |
0 | 41.8 | 510.6 |
1 | 54.0 | 1650.2 |
2 | 72.9 | 89.3 |
3 | 111.2 | 59.5 |
4 | 81.8 | 68.3 |
5 | 102.8 | 48.8 |
6 | 66.8 | 129.1 |
7 | 74.3 | 102.2 |
8 | 61.3 | 150.6 |
9 | 62.6 | 417.3 |
10 | 40.8 | 728.1 |
11 | 41.8 | 1387.4 |
12 | 40.3 | 534.2 |
13 | 48.2 | 1058.8 |
14 | 34.2 | 463.2 |
15 | 46.2 | 561.7 |
16 | 39.9 | 305.0 |
17 | 39.7 | 905.8 |
TABLE IV |
Frictional Properties Of Motor Oil Blends using the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test |
Concentration of additives in | ||
SAE GRADE 5W-30 TYPE | ||
MOTOR OIL |
Mo-Oct | A-N-680 | t-Bu | P.O. | FRICTION COEFFICIENT |
Oil | ppm | wt % | wt % | wt % | 70 C | SD | 100 C | SD | 130 C | SD |
R1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.117 | 0.001 | 0.116 | 0.001 | 0.116 | 0.001 |
2 | 204 | 0.125 | 0 | 0.375 | 0.117 | 0.001 | 0.113 | 0.002 | 0.113 | 0.001 |
3 | 319 | 0.125 | 0 | 0 | 0.110 | 0.001 | 0.104 | 0.004 | 0.106 | 0.004 |
4 | 432 | 0.125 | 0 | 0 | 0.105 | 0.001 | 0.095 | 0.001 | 0.092 | 0.001 |
Rs | 0 | 0.125 | 0.70 | 0.375 | 0.125 | 0.001 | 0.128 | 0.002 | 0.127 | 0.003 |
Formulated Motor Oil Components | Weight % | ||
ZDDP | 1.1 | ||
Ashless dispersant | 7.0 | ||
Viscosity Index Improver | 7.0 | ||
Neutral & Overbased Detergents | 1.4 | ||
Pour Point Depressant | 0.5 | ||
Diluent Oil | 83.0 | ||
TABLE V |
Oxidative Stability of Motor Oil Blends By the Hot Oil Oxidation Test |
Amine | Molybdenum | % Viscosity Increase | Change | |
N-680 | 2-ethylhexanoate | After 74 h | % Visc | |
Sample | wt % | ppm Mo | in the HOOT | Incr |
0 | 0.15 | 0 | 70 | 0 |
1 | 0.15 | 52 | 69 | −1 |
2 | 0.15 | 104 | 68 | −2 |
3 | 0.15 | 156 | 49 | −21 |
4 | 0.15 | 208 | 43 | −27 |
5 | 0.15 | 260 | 46 | −24 |
6 | 0.15 | 312 | 35 | −35 |
7 | 0.15 | 364 | 32 | −38 |
8 | 0.15 | 416 | 27 | −43 |
9 | 0.15 | 468 | 23 | −47 |
TABLE VI |
Oxidative Stability of Motor Oil Blends By the Hot Oil Oxidation Test |
Amine | % Viscosity | Change % | ||
Sample | Wt % | PPM Mo | Increase | Viscosity |
1 | 0.125 | 0 | 55 | 0 |
2 | 0.125 | 204 | 35 | −20 |
3 | 0.125 | 318 | 27 | −28 |
4 | 0.125 | 432 | 133 | 78 |
TABLE VII |
Sequence IIIE Evaluation of |
Molybdenum/Secondary Diphenylamine Antioxidants |
Passing | ||||
Result | Limits | A | B | C |
Phenolic Content (wt %) | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | |
Amine Content (wt %) | 0.1 | 0.125 | 0.2 | |
Molybdenum Content | 0 | 458 | 115 | |
(ppm Mo) | ||||
% Vis. Inc. @ 64 h | 375 Max. | TVTM | 152 | 300 |
AE Sludge | 9.2 Min. | 9 | 9.54 | 9.56 |
APS Varnish | 8.9 Min. | 7.96 | 9.1 | 9.38 |
ORL Deposit | 3.5 Min. | 2.53 | 4.38 | 4.8 |
Stuck Ring | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
AC Wear | 30 Max. | 7.2 | 7.8 | 6.5 |
MC Wear | 64 Max. | 15.0 | 12.00 | 11.00 |
Oil Consumption in Liters | 5.1 Max | 4.35 | 3.32 | 3.35 |
TABLE VIII |
Hot Oil Oxidation Unadditized Base Oil |
In the Presence and Absence of Molybdenum. |
Base Oil | N-680 | Mo HEX-CEM | % Change Visc. | |
Oil # | (wt %) | (wt %) | (ppm Mo) | After 40 h |
1 | 99.75 | 0.25 | 0 | 318 |
2 | 99.65 | 0.25 | 130 | −2 |
3 | 99.55 | 0.25 | 260 | 1 |
TABLE IX | ||||||
Molyvan 855 | Process | |||||
Added | N-680 | Oil | Induction | Expected | Viscosity | |
Wt % | Added | Added | Time | OIT | Increase | |
Oil | (ppm Mo) | Wt % | Wt % | (min) | (min) | (%) |
A | 0 | 0 | 1.25 | 26.6 | 201 | |
B | 0 | 0.1 | 1.15 | 59.4 | 42 | |
C | 0.272 (200) | 0 | 0.98 | 50.8 | 548 | |
D | 0.272 (200) | 0.1 | 0.88 | 106.2 | 83.6 | 25 |
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/359,770 USRE37363E1 (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1999-07-22 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
US09/604,285 USRE38929E1 (en) | 1995-11-20 | 2000-06-26 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
US11/133,442 USRE40595E1 (en) | 1995-11-20 | 2005-05-20 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/559,879 US5650381A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
US09/359,770 USRE37363E1 (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1999-07-22 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/559,879 Reissue US5650381A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/559,879 Continuation US5650381A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
US09/604,285 Continuation USRE38929E1 (en) | 1995-11-20 | 2000-06-26 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE37363E1 true USRE37363E1 (en) | 2001-09-11 |
Family
ID=24235439
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/559,879 Ceased US5650381A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
US09/359,770 Expired - Lifetime USRE37363E1 (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1999-07-22 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/559,879 Ceased US5650381A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Lubricant containing molybdenum compound and secondary diarylamine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5650381A (en) |
JP (1) | JP3758259B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2189387C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2307245B (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2189387A1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
GB2307245B (en) | 2000-07-12 |
CA2189387C (en) | 2001-03-13 |
GB9624118D0 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
GB2307245A (en) | 1997-05-21 |
JPH09151387A (en) | 1997-06-10 |
JP3758259B2 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
US5650381A (en) | 1997-07-22 |
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