USRE36222E - Contaminant extractor and method - Google Patents
Contaminant extractor and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE36222E USRE36222E US08/271,401 US27140194A USRE36222E US RE36222 E USRE36222 E US RE36222E US 27140194 A US27140194 A US 27140194A US RE36222 E USRE36222 E US RE36222E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- container
- iadd
- heating
- iaddend
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 without limitation Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
- F26B3/305—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements the infrared radiation being generated by combustion or combustion gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/066—Movable chambers, e.g. collapsible, demountable
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/283—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/10—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material on floors which may be covered, e.g. by a roof
Definitions
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the decontamination chamber after charging or loading, taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 3.
- the invented apparatus consists of three main parts, a soil treating vessel, chamber, or box 10, a bank of heaters 12, and vacuum and gas discharge system 14.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
An improved method and apparatus for removal of .Iadd.contaminants such as .Iaddend.petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. The apparatus of the invention includes a shallow container, preferably with vertical sides, which has in its bottom wall a multiplicity of elongated recessed chambers with an open mesh entry area at the upper side, and a gas discharge orifice at one end of each chamber. A rack containing burners is adapted for positioning over the material to be treated within the container. The invented method includes charging materials to be treated into a container, heating the material while creating a partial pressure within the chamber, establishing a vacuum to pull the gasses downwardly through the soil and atmospheric air downwardly with the gasses, then either collecting or discharging the removed gasses, after which the soil is removed from the treatment chamber.
Description
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for decontaminating soil, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for the decontamination of soil by stripping of hydrocarbons therefrom, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons.
The present invention is more particularly related to removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil or dirt which is found at or adjacent to gasoline storage tanks, gasoline pumps, and other areas where petroleum products have impregnated the ground. The invention is also useful for removal of hazardous and non-hazardous solvents, and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from soil, including, without limitation, toluene, ethanol, phenols, and chlorinated solvents.
It has been estimated that there are more than 120,000 gasoline service stations in the United States, each of which may have gasoline or other petroleum products spilled or discharged or leaked into the soil around such service stations. In addition, there are many thousands of other automotive repair shops and users of petroleum products which are equally subject to having had petroleum contaminants spilled or leaking into the soil during the many years which there was no attention to protection of the environment. In a recent Wall Street Journal article, it was reported that a high percentage of gasoline storage tanks are currently leaking, and these spills must be dealt with in the future. Whenever an area that has been contaminated by petroleum products is sold, or a new use of that area is begun, the Environmental Protective Agency, or its state equivalent, requires that all contaminated soil be removed and/or sanitized. This is currently a difficult and costly procedure.
Applicant is aware of the following U.S. Patents concerning cleaning of contaminated soil.
Hobbs U.S. Pat. No. 4,202,282, entitled "Method of Incineration", teaches a method for thermally processing materials in a chamber on a conveyer belt utilizing infrared heating to drive off gasses from the material being processed, and mixing the released gasses with air flowing over, above, and parallel to the materials in the opposite direction of the material movement to provide a portion of heat for drying the materials. Apparently the materials are wet at the time they are introduced to the incinerating chamber.
Bridges et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,670,634 teaches in situ decontamination utilizing radio frequency energy, collecting the removed hydrocarbons in fluid form.
Keating II, et al, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,815,398, teach an apparatus for drying contaminated material to below the cracking temperature of the volatile organics which contaminate the material, followed by heating in a kiln to a temperature high enough to break down the volatile organics to non-toxic products, and recovering the gaseous products.
DeLeur U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,475 teaches a method for cleaning contaminated soil by indirect heating of soil in a sealed rotating furnace, then combusting the released contaminants in a second furnace. In this case the heat is provided to the furnace wall, rather than directly impacting the soil.
Barcell U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,528 teaches another rotary dryer in which soil is exposed to a gaseous flame to volatilize the contaminants, air is mixed with the released volatiles to form an exhaust gas which is filtered, heated, and incinerated at less than 1700° F.
None of the processes mentioned in any of the patents listed above operate as a batch process with the soil stationary during treatment.
The present invention is an apparatus and method for decontaminating and sanitizing soil, particularly soil containing petroleum hydrocarbons, such as gasolines, oils, and the like. The apparatus comprises a generally flat, shallow container, preferably with vertical sides, the container having a multiplicity of elongated recessed chambers in its bottom wall, with an open mesh entry area at the upper side of the chambers, and a gas discharge orifice at one end of each such chamber. Vacuum pumps communicate with the interior of the container through the gas discharge orifice. A rack containing a multiplicity of burners or heaters, preferably infrared heaters, is adapted for positioning over the soil to be treated within the container, with the heaters directed downwardly against the upper surface of the soil. The rack of heaters may be adapted for sliding or rolling movement into and out of the operative position above the container. A vacuum pump provides the impetus for downward movement of the hydrocarbon vapors through the soil, which exits through the vacuum pump, and can be collected if desired. The unit is preferably portable, as the cost for transporting the unit to the site to be treated is much less than the cost of moving the earth to the treatment location and back to the place where is to be used as fill.
The method consists of charging materials such as contaminated dirt and soil into a treating chamber having sides and a bottom, and open to the atmosphere at the top, establishing a vacuum, or at least a partial vacuum, through the bottom of the container to establish a down draft through the generally loosely packed soil, heating the soil from the top, and pulling the hot gases downwardly through the soil, and atmospheric air downwardly behind or commingled with the gasses, releasing the hydrocarbon vapors, and collecting the hydrocarbon vapors in the recessed vacuum chambers as they exit the bottom of the soil layer, then either collecting or discharging the removed gasses. Finally, the decontaminated soil is removed from the treatment chamber.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide apparatus for extracting hydrocarbons from soil.
It is also an object of this invention to provide apparatus which can be vehicle mounted for transport.
If is another object of the present invention to provide apparatus for decontamination of soil which does not require a sealed chamber for treating of the soil.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for decontaminating soil which results in removing and discharging of gasses which are environmentally acceptable.
It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus for extracting hydrocarbons from soil which is capable of being transported to and operable at the site of the contaminated soil.
It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus for extracting hydrocarbons from soil which results in the treated soil meeting current environmental standards.
It is also an object of this invention to provide a method for removing entrained hydrocarbons particularly petroleum hydrocarbons from soil.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a method for removing entrained hydrocarbons from loose soil where the soil is stationary during treatment.
It is also an object of this invention to provide an economical and effective method for removing entrained hydrocarbons from loosened soil.
The foregoing and other objects will become more readily apparent by referring to the following detailed description and the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the invented soil treatment apparatus, with the soil treating chamber partially cut away, the apparatus being in the ready or charging orientation.
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 in the decontamination mode, the view being taken from the opposite direction from the view of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a top or plan view of the decontamination chamber.
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the decontamination chamber of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the decontamination chamber after charging or loading, taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the chamber of FIG. 3, taken along the line 5--5 of FIG. 3, with the soil support and soil removed therefrom.
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIGS. 1, and 2, the invented apparatus consists of three main parts, a soil treating vessel, chamber, or box 10, a bank of heaters 12, and vacuum and gas discharge system 14.
The soil treating vessel 10 is a box or receptacle of desired shape, a preferable rectangular shape is shown, having upstanding side walls 18, a fixed end wall 20, a hinged end wall 22, and bottom wall 26. The two end walls 20 and 22, each carry a rail 24 at the upper edge.
The bottom wall 26 of the soil treating box 10 has a multiplicity of vacuum chambers or wells 28. The end of each well adjacent the fixed end wall 20 is connected to vacuum system 14. A perforated floor plate 30 with perforations 32 above and aligned with the vacuum chambers is situated in the bottom of the soil receptacle 10. The vacuum wells can be either longitudinally or transversely oriented, but are preferably longitudinal. While it is possible to utilize the vacuum wells merely with a vacuum being pulled from one end, preferably each vacuum well has an elongated vacuum tube 34 situated within it, with the vacuum tube surrounded by pea gravel, which traps dirt particles and prevents them from entering the vacuum pump 36.
The heater apparatus 12 has a multiplicity of downwardly directed infrared heaters 38 which are sufficiently closely spaced to thoroughly heat the entire surface of soil when the heaters are in the operative position. The heaters are mounted in a frame or rack 40, which is itself mounted on rails 42, the rails 42 being mounted atop a rail support frame 44 which is aligned with the rails 24 atop the end walls 20, 22 of the soil treating chamber 10. The frame or rack 40 is adapted for sliding movement or rolling movement by wheels 46 into and out of the operative position above the chamber 10.
The hinged end wall 22, which is connected to bottom wall 26 by elongated hinge 48, is laid flat for accessibility by pay loaders or other convenient charging mechanisms for charging dirt or soil into the treating chamber.
The invented hydrocarbon extractor removes hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, etc., from any friable, loosely packed contaminated material, but preferably from dirt or soil.
A preferred container is a steel box eight feet in width, sixteen feet in length and two feet deep. The box has two-inch slotted well screens in the bottom that are connected to a union 50 outside the box. Five spaced elongated wells 28 each contain a vacuum tube 34 surrounded with pea gravel. A manifold 52, to which all the vacuum tubes are attached, has a vacuum pulled through it. The vacuum has been measured from 2 to 10 inches of Hg (mercury) depending on the soil type being treated. The top of the box 10 has a rail system, with a horizontal rail on each end wall. Infrared heaters 38 are situated in a frame 40, with the heaters so spaced to provide heat coverage of the entire surface of the soil 66 to be treated in the box. The frame has mating rollers for engaging the rails, so the frame is readily movable from the stand-by position (FIG. 1) into the operative position (FIG. 2) over the box of untreated soil, and back again.
Contaminated soil 66 is loaded into the box 10 to a depth of about one foot (about 30 cm) as shown in FIG. 5. Vacuum pumping is initiated, then the heater assembly 12 is rolled into the operative position atop the box 10 and heaters 38 are ignited by activating heater controls 56. The soil 66 is heated on the surface to a depth of several inches below the surface. This is accomplished partly by radiant heat from the heaters and partly by convection caused by the vacuum system pulling the heat downwardly through the soil, which heats the material to sufficiently high temperatures that the contained hydrocarbons are vaporized, extracted from their former locations, removed through application of the vacuum and forced out of the soil by the heated atmospheric air following the vapors. After the material is treated, the decontaminated soil is unloaded from the chamber, advantageously with a front end loader and stockpiled until cool.
The removed gasses are exhausted to the atmosphere through exhaust stack 72, which may include emission controls therein, such as a carbon bed, an afterburner, a condenser, a catalytic converter, a scrubber, a precipitator, a cyclone, or the like. Alternatively, stack 72 may be connected to one or more emission controls, such as any of the foregoing, or a baghouse.
The infrared heated, vacuum hydrocarbon extractor works on two principles. First, infrared light heats the soil and the hydrocarbons both radiantly and by convection. The infrared light excites the molecules it strikes, causing them to vibrate rapidly. This produces heat, which is transferred through convection. A vacuum is pulled through tubes at a point furthest away from the infrared heat source. This vacuum performs two functions: (1) draw the convection heat through thesource to heat the soil not exposed to the infrared light, and (2) reduce the vapor pressure within the treatment chamber. Second, lowering of the pressure decreases the boiling point of the hydrocarbons being liberated from the treated soil. The vapor pressure--boiling point relationship is expressed by the following well known empirical equation for specific substances for which a and b values are known, wherein p=pressure in mm Hg; T=temperature in degrees Kelvin; a and b are constants given (among other places) in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed. (1988), beginning page D-212. ##EQU1## This allows the removal of contaminants with higher boiling points at lower temperature. The energy needed to heat the system is only about one-fourth as much as required by other thermal stripping systems. The vacuum also works in a physical way as well. By physically drawing and saturating the treated soil with air, the heated air will displace the other gasses present and sweep them out of the treating chamber, which adds to the effectiveness of the system.
In the prior art, the material being treated has been agitated or has been placed into a very thin, usually free-falling depth of material to allow full treatment. In the present invention loosely packed granular material is placed into the vessel; heaters are moved into position over the soil; a vacuum is initiated beneath the vessel, acting on the soil throughout the perforated floor; the heaters are ignited, heating the soil evenly and thoroughly to a substantial depth; ambient air entering the chamber at all locations above the soil is also heated and pulled downwardly through the loosely packed soil, carrying heat to the lower-most particles. The combination of heat and reduced pressure removes the volatiles from the soil and the vacuum draws the removed volatiles out from the treating chamber through the vacuum wells.
The tops of the end walls 20,24 can be utilized as the rails for the burner assembly wheels 46. While the burner assembly is normally pushed into position by hand, it is possible to provide a low power drive motor to drive the burner assembly into and out of the operative position.
A pusher mechanism can be provided at one end to shove out the dirt from the treating chamber, and the opposed upstanding end can be hinged so that the treated soil can be shoved out very easily through the open end. The pusher mechanism can be situated within the chamber, or it can even be an exterior force, such as a truck-mounted pusher, i.e., a bulldozer-like blade mounted on a beam or yoke. Such pushing mechanisms work because the dirt is charged to a shallow depth, and it is friable.
The treating chamber can be provided with a lifting mechanism 70 at the closed end, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, which will create a dump-truck style effect to empty the treating chamber after removal of the vaporized hydrocarbons from the treated soil.
From the foregoing, it is readily apparent that I have invented in improved, economical, and effective method for decontaminating soil by removing entrained hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons, from loosened soil, where the soil is stationary during treatment, and which results in removing and discharging of gasses which are environmentally acceptable. The invented apparatus for decontamination of soil by extracting hydrocarbons therefrom does not require a sealed chamber for treating of the soil, the apparatus being transportable to and operable at the site of the contaminated soil, the output of which meets current environmental standards.
It is to be understood that the foregoing description and specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the best mode of the invention and the principles thereof, and that various modifications and additions may be made to the apparatus by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, which is therefore understood to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. . .A.!. .Iadd.The .Iaddend.method . .for removing hydrocarbons from soil, comprising placing the soil in an open container, heating the soil and the entrained hydrocarbons by directing heat against the soil;
creating a sub-atmospheric pressure within the soil by establishing a vacuum beneath the soil;
vaporizing the hydrocarbons within the soil;
removing the vaporized hydrocarbons downardly from beneath the soil;
withdrawing the vaporized hydrocarbon from beneath the soil; and
discharging the vaporized hydrocarbons.!. .Iadd.of claim 22 wherein said organic contaminants are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and their derivatives.Iaddend..
2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising collecting the . .discharged.!. .Iadd.withdrawn .Iaddend.vaporized hydrocarbons.
3. A method according to claim .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein the heating is accomplished by radiant heating.
4. A method according to claim .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein the heating is accomplished by infrared heating.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the soil is placed in the container in generally loose form.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the soil is placed in the container to a generally even depth. . .7. A method according to claim 1, further comprising collecting the discharged gasses..!.. .8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising heating ambient air above the soil, and drawing the heated ambient air downwardly with the vaporized
gasses..!.9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum created
beneath the soil is from 2 to 10 inches of mercury. 10. Apparatus for treating soil, comprising:
a shallow container, having vertical sides and a bottom wall;
a multiplicity of recessed chambers beneath said bottom wall, and fixed thereto;
said bottom wall being provided with orifices for gas communication between said container and said chambers;
means communicating with said chambers for removing gases from said chambers and said container; and
means for heating the interior of said container. 11. Apparatus according
to claim 10, wherein said means for removing gases is a vacuum pump. 12. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said means for removing gases includes each vacuum chamber having a vacuum tube situated therein,
communicating with said vacuum pump. 13. Apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein each vacuum tube is surrounded by pea gravel. 14. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein one of said vertical sides is hinged to
said bottom wall. 15. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said means for heating the interior of said container is a heater mounted above and spaced from the bottom wall of said container, and adapted to hear the
upper surface of material in said container generally evenly. 16. Apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising means for moving said heater from a stand-by position adjacent said container to an
operating position over said container. 17. Apparatus according to claim 15, comprising a rack having at least one heater mounted therein, track means associated with said containers and track engaging means associated
with said rack. 18. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said track
engaging means are wheels journalled on said rack. 19. Apparatus according
to claim 15, wherein said heater is a radiant heater. 20. Apparatus
according to claim 15, wherein said heater is an infrared heater. 21. Apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising means attached to one end of said container for lifting such end and substantially emptying said container. .Iadd.22. A method for removing organic contaminants from soil, comprising placing the soil in an open container, heating the soil and the entrained organic contaminants by directing heat against the soil;
creating a sub-atmospheric pressure within the soil by establishing a vacuum beneath the soil;
vaporizing the contaminants within the soil;
removing the vaporized contaminants downwardly from the soil; and
withdrawing the vaporized contaminants from beneath the soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.23. A method according to claim 22, further comprising collecting the withdrawn vaporized contaminants. .Iaddend..Iadd.24. A method according to claim 22, wherein the heating is accomplished by radiant heating. .Iaddend..Iadd.25. A method according to claim 22, wherein the heating is accomplished by infrared heating. .Iaddend..Iadd.26. A method according to claim 22, wherein the soil is placed in the container in generally loose form. .Iaddend..Iadd.27. A method according to claim 22, wherein the soil is placed in the container to a generally even depth. .Iaddend..Iadd.28. A method according to claim 22, further comprising heating ambient air above the soil, and drawing the heated ambient air downwardly with the vaporized contaminants. .Iaddend..Iadd.29. A method according to claim 22, wherein the vacuum beneath the soil is from 2 to 10 inches of mercury.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/271,401 USRE36222E (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1994-07-06 | Contaminant extractor and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/778,346 US5127343A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Hydrocarbon extractor |
| US08/271,401 USRE36222E (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1994-07-06 | Contaminant extractor and method |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/778,346 Reissue US5127343A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Hydrocarbon extractor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE36222E true USRE36222E (en) | 1999-06-08 |
Family
ID=25113033
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/778,346 Ceased US5127343A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Hydrocarbon extractor |
| US08/271,401 Expired - Lifetime USRE36222E (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1994-07-06 | Contaminant extractor and method |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/778,346 Ceased US5127343A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Hydrocarbon extractor |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5127343A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2065215A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000000871A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-06 | Mclaren Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation | Improved contaminant extractor |
| US6829844B2 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2004-12-14 | Patrick Richard Brady | Evaporative desorption soil treatment apparatus and process |
| US20060242900A1 (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2006-11-02 | Lovelace Reginald B | Nematode extermination in place using heat blankets |
| AU2004202441B2 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2007-12-13 | Mclaren Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation | Improved contaminant extractor |
| US20170350086A1 (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-07 | Daniel Jensen | Ground Thawing Device |
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| US11413668B2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2022-08-16 | Ezraterra, Llc | Sintered wave multi-media polarity conversion treatment apparatus and process for nondestructive removal and condensation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other dangerous compounds |
| US11768189B2 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-09-26 | Patrick Richard Brady | Detection, characterization, and mapping of subsurface PFAS-stabilized viscoelastic non-Newtonian LNAPLS using rheological methods |
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| US20080217261A1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-11 | M-I Llc | Off-line treatment of hydrocarbon fluids with ozone |
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| CA2984538C (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2023-09-12 | Recover Energy Services Inc. | Multi-container side emptying liquid containing drill cuttings transport trailer |
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| WO2000000871A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-06 | Mclaren Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation | Improved contaminant extractor |
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| US11768189B2 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-09-26 | Patrick Richard Brady | Detection, characterization, and mapping of subsurface PFAS-stabilized viscoelastic non-Newtonian LNAPLS using rheological methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2065215A1 (en) | 1993-04-17 |
| US5127343A (en) | 1992-07-07 |
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