USRE35413E - Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method - Google Patents
Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE35413E USRE35413E US08/220,963 US22096394A USRE35413E US RE35413 E USRE35413 E US RE35413E US 22096394 A US22096394 A US 22096394A US RE35413 E USRE35413 E US RE35413E
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- skimmer
- ions
- ion source
- droplets
- low pressure
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007787 electrohydrodynamic spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7293—Velocity or momentum separators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N2030/621—Detectors specially adapted therefor signal-to-noise ratio
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7233—Mass spectrometers interfaced to liquid or supercritical fluid chromatograph
- G01N30/724—Nebulising, aerosol formation or ionisation
- G01N30/7246—Nebulising, aerosol formation or ionisation by pneumatic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7233—Mass spectrometers interfaced to liquid or supercritical fluid chromatograph
- G01N30/724—Nebulising, aerosol formation or ionisation
- G01N30/7266—Nebulising, aerosol formation or ionisation by electric field, e.g. electrospray
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7233—Mass spectrometers interfaced to liquid or supercritical fluid chromatograph
- G01N30/7273—Desolvation chambers
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to electrospray ion sources and more particularly to sources having reduced neutral noise.
- the electrospray process consists of flowing sample liquid through a small tube or capillary which is maintained at a high voltage with respect to a nearby surface.
- the liquid is dispersed into fine electrically charged droplets or by the voltage gradient of the tip of the capillary.
- the ionization mechanism involves the desorption at atmospheric pressure of ions from the fine electrically charged particles.
- a heated gas is flowed in counter-current to the electrospray to enhance dissolution of the electrospray droplets.
- the ions created by the electrospray are then mass analyzed in a mass analyzer such as a mass spectrometer.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the region 4--4 of FIG. 1.
- an electrospray ion source 11 is schematically shown as associated with an analyzer chamber 12.
- the source includes an input needle 13 into which a liquid sample 14 is introduced.
- the needle includes an inner tube 16 in which the liquid sample is introduced. Surrounding the tube is a second tube 17 which defines with the first tube an annular region through which a liquid is introduced for mixing with the sample liquid to reduce the surface tension and form droplets.
- An outer tube 18 forms a second annulus through which a focusing gas is introduced to focus the droplets as they exit the needle towards a capillary tube 19.
- the needle, or capillary is maintained at a high voltage with respect to the nearby surfaces forming the ionization chamber 21 and as the liquid is dispersed, the droplets or particles are charged by the voltage gradient at the tip of the capillary.
- the ionization mechanism involves the desorption at atmospheric pressure of ions from the fine electrically charged particles.
- a counter-flow of gas indicated by the arrow 22 enhances the desorption process.
- the gas flows through a chamber 23 past the end of the capillary 19 and exits the ionization chamber 21 as indicated schematically at 24.
- the end of the tube 19 is supported by, for example, three supports 29 disposed at 120° with respect to one another.
- the end of the capillary is opposite a skimmer 31 which separates the low pressure region 26 from a lower pressure region in the analyzer 12.
- the skimmer includes a central orifice or aperture 32 which normally is aligned with the axis of the bore of the capillary.
- the skimmer is followed by ion optics which may comprise a second skimmer 33 and lenses 34, which direct ions into the analyzing chamber and into a suitable analyzer.
- the solvated droplets or particles flow into the capillary and acquire kinetic energy which allows them to pass through the skimmer aperture 32 into the lens region including skimmer 33 and lenses 34. These droplets or particles impact on the surfaces of the skimmer 33 or the lenses 34 and create secondary ions. These ions are random and find their way into the detector and cause noise to be observed at the detector, thereby decreasing the signal-to-noise level and producing electronic spikes in the mass spectrum.
- the axis of the capillary is altered or directed as shown in FIG. 4 by adjusting the supports 29 so that the axis is offset from the skimmer orifice or aperture. In this way, there is no alignment between the bore of the capillary and the orifice of the skimmer.
- the tendency is for the large droplets or particles to move to the center of the flow in the capillary and travel in a straight line. These droplets or particles traveling in a straight line strike the skimmer. This is illustrated in FIG. 4, which shows that large particles 36 travel a straight line and impinge upon the skimmer 31.
- the droplets or particles are thereafter pumped away by the vacuum pump associated with the chamber 26 as illustrated by the arrow 37.
- the realignment of the axis of the capillary tube does not cause any significant loss in the observed signal intensity of the ions being analyzed. This is due to the fact that the analyzed ions and gases undergo a free jet expansion and are deviated from the axis to travel through the orifice or aperture 32.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
An electrospray ion source having a capillary tube for directing ions from an ionizing region to an analyzing region including a skimmer in which the capillary tube is oriented to cause undesolvated droplets to strike the skimmer.
Description
This invention relates generally to electrospray ion sources and more particularly to sources having reduced neutral noise.
The electrospray process consists of flowing sample liquid through a small tube or capillary which is maintained at a high voltage with respect to a nearby surface. The liquid is dispersed into fine electrically charged droplets or by the voltage gradient of the tip of the capillary. The ionization mechanism involves the desorption at atmospheric pressure of ions from the fine electrically charged particles. In many cases, a heated gas is flowed in counter-current to the electrospray to enhance dissolution of the electrospray droplets. The ions created by the electrospray are then mass analyzed in a mass analyzer such as a mass spectrometer.
Under the appropriate conditions, the electrospray resembles a symmetrical cone consisting of a very fine mist (or fog) of droplets (ca. 1 μm diameter). Excellent sensitivity and ion current stability can be obtained if the fine mist is produced. Unfortunately, the electrospray "quality" is highly dependent on the bulk properties of the solution being analyzed. The most important of which are surface tension and conductivity. A poor quality electrospray may contain larger droplets (>10 μm diameter) or a non-dispersed droplet stream.
The use of sheath liquid and a focusing gas are often used to insure stable sprays when electrospraying high aqueous content sample solutions. One type of electrospray interface apparatus includes an inner needle for transferring a liquid sample to an ionizing region at one end of the needle, a first outer tube surrounding and spaced from said needle for flowing a liquid past the tip of said needle, and a second outer tube surrounding the first tube to define a second cylindrical space for flowing a gas past the end of said first tube and needle to focus the electrospray.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,542,293 there is described the use of a tube made of an electrical insulator for conducting ions in the ionizing electrospray region at atmospheric pressure and a low pressure region. A glass or quartz capillary is suitable. Ions and gas are caused to flow from the ionization region through the tube into the low pressure region where free jet expansion occurs. A conductive coating is formed on the ends of the insulating tube and a voltage is applied thereacross to accelerate ions which flow through the tube. A conducting skimmer is disposed adjacent the end of the tube and is maintained at a voltage which causes further acceleration of the ions through and into a lower pressure region including focusing lenses and analyzing apparatus.
The electrospray process employing a sheath liquid and focusing gas provides small droplets or particle which are desolvated by the addition of a counter current drying gas. Occasionally, larger undesolvated droplets or particles will traverse into the capillary and will acquire substantial kinetic energy which will allow it to pass through the skimmer and into the lens region. The droplets or particles impinge upon surfaces and forms secondary ions. These ions are random and cause noise to be observed at the analyzer detector, thereby decreasing the signal to noise levels and producing noise spikes in the ion chromatogram.
It is a general object of this invention to provide an ion source and method in which high velocity droplets or particles are prevented from flowing into the lens region of an associated analyzer.
It is another object of the invention to provide an ion source which includes a skimmer and means for directing high velocity droplets or particles away from the skimmer aperture.
The foregoing and other objects of this invention are achieved in an electrospray ion source of the type which includes a tube communicating between the ionizing region and a low pressure region with a skimmer having an aperture through which ions pass, the skimmer separating the low pressure region from a lower pressure region which includes lenses and an analyzer, where analysis is carried out. The capillary is oriented so that undesolvated droplets or particles travelling through the capillary are prevented from passing through the skimmer aperture into the analysis region.
The foregoing and other objects of the invention will be more clearly understood from the description to follow when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 shows an electrospray ion source coupled to an analyzing region via a capillary tube;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the region 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 1 showing the tube support; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the region 4--4 of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, an electrospray ion source 11 is schematically shown as associated with an analyzer chamber 12. The source includes an input needle 13 into which a liquid sample 14 is introduced.
Referring particularly to FIG. 2, the needle includes an inner tube 16 in which the liquid sample is introduced. Surrounding the tube is a second tube 17 which defines with the first tube an annular region through which a liquid is introduced for mixing with the sample liquid to reduce the surface tension and form droplets. An outer tube 18 forms a second annulus through which a focusing gas is introduced to focus the droplets as they exit the needle towards a capillary tube 19. As previously explained, the needle, or capillary, is maintained at a high voltage with respect to the nearby surfaces forming the ionization chamber 21 and as the liquid is dispersed, the droplets or particles are charged by the voltage gradient at the tip of the capillary. The ionization mechanism involves the desorption at atmospheric pressure of ions from the fine electrically charged particles. A counter-flow of gas indicated by the arrow 22 enhances the desorption process. The gas flows through a chamber 23 past the end of the capillary 19 and exits the ionization chamber 21 as indicated schematically at 24.
A chamber 26 maintained at a lower pressure than the atmosphere pressure of the chamber 21 communicates with the ionization chamber via the capillary tube 19. Due to the differences in pressure, ions and gas are caused to flow through the capillary 19 into the chamber 26. A voltage is applied between conductive sleeves 27 and 28 to provide a voltage gradient. The end of the tube 19 is supported by, for example, three supports 29 disposed at 120° with respect to one another.
The end of the capillary is opposite a skimmer 31 which separates the low pressure region 26 from a lower pressure region in the analyzer 12. The skimmer includes a central orifice or aperture 32 which normally is aligned with the axis of the bore of the capillary. The skimmer is followed by ion optics which may comprise a second skimmer 33 and lenses 34, which direct ions into the analyzing chamber and into a suitable analyzer.
As described above, the solvated droplets or particles flow into the capillary and acquire kinetic energy which allows them to pass through the skimmer aperture 32 into the lens region including skimmer 33 and lenses 34. These droplets or particles impact on the surfaces of the skimmer 33 or the lenses 34 and create secondary ions. These ions are random and find their way into the detector and cause noise to be observed at the detector, thereby decreasing the signal-to-noise level and producing electronic spikes in the mass spectrum.
In accordance with this invention, the axis of the capillary is altered or directed as shown in FIG. 4 by adjusting the supports 29 so that the axis is offset from the skimmer orifice or aperture. In this way, there is no alignment between the bore of the capillary and the orifice of the skimmer. The tendency is for the large droplets or particles to move to the center of the flow in the capillary and travel in a straight line. These droplets or particles traveling in a straight line strike the skimmer. This is illustrated in FIG. 4, which shows that large particles 36 travel a straight line and impinge upon the skimmer 31. The droplets or particles are thereafter pumped away by the vacuum pump associated with the chamber 26 as illustrated by the arrow 37. The realignment of the axis of the capillary tube does not cause any significant loss in the observed signal intensity of the ions being analyzed. This is due to the fact that the analyzed ions and gases undergo a free jet expansion and are deviated from the axis to travel through the orifice or aperture 32.
Thus, there has been provided a method and apparatus for reducing neutral noise in an electrospray.
Claims (1)
1. An ion source of the type which includes an ionization chamber and an adjacent low pressure region including a skimmer having an orifice, a capillary tube having an axial bore communicating between the ionization chamber and the low pressure region whereby ions and gases in said ionization chamber flows through said bore into said low pressure region, directing the axis of the capillary tube away from the skimmer orifice whereby droplets and/or particles flowing through the bore are not allowed to pass through the skimmer, while ions are transmitted into the low pressure chamber..]..[.2. An electrospray ion source as in claim 1 in which said ionization chamber includes means for electrospraying a sample to be analyzed..]..Iadd.3. A method of operating an ion source, said ion source including a low pressure chamber having a skimmer with an orifice and a capillary tube having a bore with an axis, said method comprising the steps of:
desolvating charged droplets in said ion source to produce a flow of ions and undesolvated droplets;
causing said flow of ions and undesolvated droplets to flow from said bore along said axis of said bore into said low pressure chamber; and
offsetting said axis of said bore from said orifice of said skimmer so that said ions flow through said orifice while said undesolvated droplets impinge upon said skimmer. .Iaddend..Iadd.4. A method of operating an ion source, said ion source including a low pressure chamber having a skimmer with an orifice, and means to communicate with the low pressure chamber, said method comprising the steps of:
desolvating charged droplets in said ion source to produce a flow of ions and undesolvated droplets;
causing said flow of ions and undesolvated droplets to flow from said communicating means along an axis of said communicating means into said low pressure chamber; and
offsetting said axis of said communicating means from said orifice of said skimmer so that said ions flow through said orifice while said undesolvated droplets impinge upon said skimmer. .Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/220,963 USRE35413E (en) | 1991-05-17 | 1994-03-30 | Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/703,471 US5171990A (en) | 1991-05-17 | 1991-05-17 | Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method |
US08/220,963 USRE35413E (en) | 1991-05-17 | 1994-03-30 | Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/703,471 Reissue US5171990A (en) | 1991-05-17 | 1991-05-17 | Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USRE35413E true USRE35413E (en) | 1996-12-31 |
Family
ID=24825524
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/703,471 Ceased US5171990A (en) | 1991-05-17 | 1991-05-17 | Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method |
US08/220,963 Expired - Lifetime USRE35413E (en) | 1991-05-17 | 1994-03-30 | Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/703,471 Ceased US5171990A (en) | 1991-05-17 | 1991-05-17 | Electrospray ion source with reduced neutral noise and method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5171990A (en) |
JP (1) | JP2604087B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2068849C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2256523B (en) |
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US5736740A (en) * | 1995-04-25 | 1998-04-07 | Bruker-Franzen Analytik Gmbh | Method and device for transport of ions in gas through a capillary |
US20040217280A1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-11-04 | Mds Sciex | Atmospheric pressure charged particle discriminator for mass spectrometry |
US20050258358A1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-11-24 | Thakur Rohan A | Electrospray ion source apparatus |
US20060255264A1 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-16 | Belford Michael W | Enhanced ion desolvation for an ion mobility spectrometry device |
US20080001082A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2008-01-03 | Richard Syms | Microengineered vacuum interface for an ionization system |
US20080104064A1 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-05-01 | Gangqiang Li | Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer Interface |
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US5306910A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-04-26 | Millipore Corporation | Time modulated electrified spray apparatus and process |
US20060277017A1 (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 2006-12-07 | Sproch Norman K | Method for the characterization of the three-dimensional structure of proteins employing mass spectrometric analysis and computational feedback modeling |
US5504327A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-04-02 | Hv Ops, Inc. (H-Nu) | Electrospray ionization source and method for mass spectrometric analysis |
US7047171B1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 2006-05-16 | Sproch Norman K | Method for the characterization of the three-dimensional structure of proteins employing mass spectrometric analysis and computational feedback modeling |
US5750988A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1998-05-12 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Orthogonal ion sampling for APCI mass spectrometry |
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1991
- 1991-05-17 US US07/703,471 patent/US5171990A/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-05-15 CA CA002068849A patent/CA2068849C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-18 GB GB9210609A patent/GB2256523B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-18 JP JP4124009A patent/JP2604087B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-03-30 US US08/220,963 patent/USRE35413E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5171990A (en) | 1992-12-15 |
JP2604087B2 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
GB2256523A8 (en) | 2000-03-17 |
CA2068849A1 (en) | 1992-11-18 |
GB2256523A (en) | 1992-12-09 |
CA2068849C (en) | 1999-02-02 |
GB9210609D0 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
GB2256523B (en) | 1995-04-19 |
JPH06215727A (en) | 1994-08-05 |
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