USRE3249E - The first rational kefined-ikon and steei - Google Patents

Description

description thereof, whicii will enable interior of a furnace or pot containing melted iron or taining the metal.

purities and carbon contained in the metal, by means tion and maintenance of avacuum or partial vacuum andthoiiwliuingofthefurnacqasseenatab.

THE Frnstr NATIONAL Hummm-IRON AnDsTEEIzMANUFAo'rUnING COMPANY, or;

' New vous, N.- Y., Assronnns 0F JOHN ABSTEBDAL'OF SAME PLAGE.

Imm Pawn; No. 52,121, and .mum 23, Aisos; ava. 3,249, Mmmm 29, 186s.

nanovnn P nocsss rcarinrmnm :non um sri-:sn

'i 'The B'chednle referred to in Lolte'rn Patont nd hiking pan ofthe lama.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it-kncwn that JOHN Assrnsnsmot' the city, county, and Statemf NewYork, has invented a. new and improved Brocess ihr Refining Ironand Making' Steel incacuo; and '1, J AMES W. PHILLIPS, President of the .First National 'Reined-Iron und Steel Mann-- factnringompany, of New York, N. Y., do hereby declaxe'the following to be a full, clear, and exact those skilled in the artltomake and usc the same.

The nature ot' this invention consists in .u new pmcess of vmouu focturing iron and steel, by creating and maintaining a vacuum or partial vacuum within the steel, so asfo extinct the impurities funn the fused metal, after the salue haveheen dilated into a gaseous state by heat.

Also, in fusing the-'metal and supplying the air for. the combustion of the fuel, by-aeurrent or currents of air, produced by "partial vacuum within the furnace, pot, or retort con- Aiso, in'vaporiziu'g, diluting, or burning up :the iinof zi-current orcuri'ents ofair produeed-by the creawithin the fmnace,'pct, ur retort; wntaining the metal to be fused. .Y Also, n the 'couyersion of molten crude iron or Vof rcmelted pig .or inery-i'ron into' steel orv into 'mallef able iron,=by means of a current orj currents of air, produced by creating and maintaining a vacuum or partiaLvacunm in the interior of thei'nrnace, pot, or retort containiug'said molten metal. v A .In orderto explain the process, the accompanying diagram of .un apparatus has been drawn, iu .which the process can be-carried ont with convenience, although it .must -bc 'understood that itis not'wished to be oonned to any particular apparatus in carrying out the invention, but the right visreservedv to use aniapparatus of any suitable construction,

The pot or furnace in which the iron is refined, or the steel made,is constructed in the ordinarymanner, and in o rderto create the vacuum within the furuaceor pot, a steam-pipe, D, is introduced in the throat of said pot or sc that a jet of steam, or, if preferred, conmaybe iniectedin said throat 'from a steam# on. generator, the end of said steam-pipe being" turned into the throat, in the direction of the mouth vofthethrnnceorp'o't.A

In thcioide of the 'an'openin .G,is made,A near thelevel of the suriisce of the melt metal inthe vfurnace, and -in piace of ordinary tuy one or more openings thro the wail ofthe ace, near thethroaaforming channels between theoutercasing In Vorder to carry out the processfa commencementcreating and maintaining a vacuum 0r the fumaoe, and aser having filled the furnace up to its throat with coke, coal, or charcoal, or any other fuel, the fire is lighted through the orifice c, and in a, quarter or half :in hour, whenk the fire is suliieiently kindled, the stop-cock O-in the steam-pipe is opened, and the steam let on.

coke, charcoal, or othei'fuel begins to settle down, and

then alternateohar'ges df fuel,

and crude or pig-iron, are thrown in, through the throat or month of the and when the iron begins to'melt, similar charges are thrown in everyien or een minutes..

" Before theinetal begins tomelt', or when c'oxximei-Y ning to melt, the orifice c is closed with a lump of moist clay-.'-j The air is supplied tllrough'the orifice-and channels a' b, 'and Yas soon as the level ofthe melted metal rises near the opening orlarge orifice G, said orifice is opened,

il msdebyiayingatewcbips of woon, .in 'the of vfurnace or pot, f thc Aund the slagraked outfrom the surweofthe fused metal, and when this operation is completed, a higher pressure. of steam is letn, so as to produce aincirasedrarefac- .tion of the air in the furnace, and to cause the air to pass through the melted metal with increased ing the heat Ato become more intense.-

By this means the impurities of the iron: are evaporapidity, causrated or. dilated into-gases, which are can'ied away-by the suction of the" The air,- in passing through the melted metal, also `,ums aV portion of the carbon contained in th metal, f

thus transforming the iron into steel.

Afterhavirg'hxh'scgl or dilated the impuritifes frgom themetahan Y ndtheperceniageo oar n to thepiioperstandnyi, snpply'of airis altogether, anda still highcr-pressuxeofstoaxn let on,sti li. further in the ofthe within the Pnmecf bem @xmas the impnritiesthat may still in inthe melted metal.

when illiis appeared, y testhga samploatdisren' t, e process,the slag is againnked outfmmthesursee of the fus'ed tl1eoriceG,andatter the metal has heendep' -of im impurities, itl is-run oli;` eimbypiexdngnepmg orme orm o, or byincuning e ordinii? iron,withtho exception that in theircnonlyxepernmgeofrbcnredniredin baking steel is left. lnbldstcmaksltasicasuperlqinlithm furnace or pcg-with its mouth downwards, by

vacuum' may be varied, ltho is run o' from the furnace inthin slabs,which are broken.

mouth secured in fire-brick, with an opening through the bricks, forming a flue in line with the interior oi y the omcble.

The upper end of this flue is contracted, and joins t a neck, P, with a bell-shaped mouth, and through this neck the stearn-pipeisintroduced,the endof which turns .up parallel with the side of said'neck.

From this description it willbe seen that the process 'is accomplished by seinen distinct manipulations, as follows . First, the iron is melted in a furnace orY pot, where the draught is created by producing and maintaining a vacuum or partial vacuum within the furnace.

Second, to ,rake the slag or drossfrom the suriisce of the melted iron, which operation is eifected Without stopping theesupply of air for combustion.A

Third, 4to let in a heavy pressure of steam,in order to cause a rapid circulationof air through; the vmolten mass of iron, vso as to burn away some oi'- the carbon of the iron, and to dilatel the' impurities into gaseous vapors, and separate them from the iron, as much as possible, by the vacuum.

Fourth, to reduce'the' pressure of steam, and allow uw' ,melted mesu to rundown so as w gsm rake' ofthe slagfrom the surface oft emetal. w .Y

Fifth, to stop the supply of air entirely, and to iu-f crease the pressure of steam in the throat' of the fursoasto create and maintain a total vacuum within nace the or pot, for the purpose of iinally extracting all the gaseous impurities, by the process of distille# in. wenn.

Sixth, tol cast the steel by the previous manipulations, in ingoia, or'in the, form of any object d and draw and anheal the same, as desired. y

so' obtained is broken up into small fragments, and remelted again in the second fm'uaee or crucible, by add- Seventh, to obtalustecl cfa superior quality, the steel in to it some oxides of manganese-aud other carbonio its ees, in the ordinary manner. A vacuum is also created and. maintained within the said crucible, so as to ex'eludethe atmospheric lair from the interior of the pet in fusing the metal, and to preventthe oxidation of the steel, and aiierwards'themetal: isrun out, and out SMU asdeeired. During this process, the means for producing the the steam-arrangement is used byjprei'ere'n as The process isnct n in to the manufacture of iron and steel from pig oriundo-iron, for

also' made by melting bli'siered steel by the same process. i By melting in the second pot orcrucihle marked B, the vacuum created and maintained within the' interior of the same pot also facilitates the dilation and extracton'of the impurities that maybe contained in the ironj before cementation.

'The advantages of the invention are as follows, viz: First, by meltingthe iron under a. vacuum or partial vacunm maintained within the interior of the fur nace, a. wellequalized distribution and pressure Ji' air throughout the whole mass is obtained.

Second, in producinga rapid circulation cfairthrough the molten mass, by means of the vaeuum'created and maintained in the interior 'of the pot or furnace, the

pressure oi' air and combustionof carbonthroughout the vmolten mass are equalized.

Third, in obtaining a current of air through theA molten metal, entering the furnace of its own accord,

without being forced, it facilitates the running out of some of the molten metal, for its examination at dirferent stages of the process.

Fourth, in continuing the vacuum alter the supply .of air has been stopped, the remaining gaseous impuri- 3. aporizing, dilating', or burning up the impurities and oarbon'contained in the metal, by means of a current yor currents of air, produced by the creation and maintenance ci a vacuum or partial vacuum will in the furnace, pot,.or. retort containing. the metal to be 4. The conversion oi' molten'crude-iron or ofremelted pig or iinery-iron into steel' or into malleable iron, by

means of current or currents ot'air, produced by cref atiu and maintaining a vacuum or vacuum in the uter'ior of the furnace, pot,.or retortcontainingsaid melted metal.

' JAMES W PHILLIPS,' Witnesses: i President. W. Hann,

. F. unna.

2.'Fusing the metal and supplying the air for the combustion ofthe fuel, by a curreutor currents of air, produced by creating and maintaining a vacnum-or partial vacuum within the furnace, pot', or; retort oon- -tainin the metal.

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