USRE30661E - Electric current producing galvanic cell - Google Patents
Electric current producing galvanic cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE30661E USRE30661E US05/780,649 US78064977A USRE30661E US RE30661 E USRE30661 E US RE30661E US 78064977 A US78064977 A US 78064977A US RE30661 E USRE30661 E US RE30661E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solute
- galvanic cell
- lithium
- anode
- magnesium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 tetrachloroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium chloro(dioxido)borane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])Cl PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012712 vegetable carbon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004108 vegetable carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to galvanic cells, and particularly to galvanic cells of the type employing thionyl chloride as an inorganic electrolytic solvent.
- Thionyl chloride is well known as an inorganic electrolytic solvent for galvanic cells. This use is described, for example, on page 234 of Non-Aqueous Solvents (1953) by Audrieth and Kleinberg.
- thionyl chloride has the attribute of being an inorganic solvent in which a large number of salts of diverse compositions may be dissolved, it also can be readily reduced like other oxychlorides at the cathode surface of a galvanic cell, thus acting as a cathodic depolarizer as well as a solvent.
- electrolytes using pure thionyl chloride as solvent fail to yield high coulombic efficiencies in cells using lightweight metals, e.g., lithium as anodes.
- an object of the invention to provide an improved galvanic cell comprising an anode composed of one or more relatively light weight metals less noble than zinc, and an electrolytic solvent including thionyl chloride.
- Other objects of the invention are to provide a galvanic cell employing a metal less noble than zinc such as lithium as an anode, and an electrolytic solvent including thionyl chloride, which cell is relatively stable and develops high coulombic efficiencies.
- the present invention resides in the discovery of a unique and as yet not fully understood synergistic effect which occurs with the addition of certain sulfur and phosphor compound solutes to that of certain salt solutes when dissolved in thionyl chloride.
- Galvanic cells employing the resulting electrolyte have been found to have increased cell capacities and coulombic efficiencies.
- a galvanic cell comprising a porous cathode and an anode including a metal less noble than zinc selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and aluminum.
- An electrolyte is provided for electrolytic conduction between the cathode and anode with the electrolyte comprising a solvent including thionyl chloride.
- a first solute is dissolved in the solvent consisting essentially of a salt of the selected anode metal.
- a second solute is also dissolved in the solvent selected from the group of compounds consisting of phosphoryl chloride, sulfolane, sulfur dioxide and mixtures thereof.
- Cylindrical cells 1 inch in diameter by 2 inches in length were constructed by coiling an inert cathode with a lithium anode.
- the cathode 1/2 inches by 8 inches, was hot pressed at 200° C. to an expanded nickel screen, from a mixture consisting of 80% acetylene black, 17% graphite and 3% teflon powder as binder.
- the lithium anode 11/2 inches wide by 9 inches long, was rolled to a thickness of 0.015 inches.
- a fiberglass separator was placed between the two electrodes which were then coiled and inserted into a nickel plated steel can. With proper connections spotwelded, the cell was filled with 10 cc of electrolyte and sealed.
- the electrolyte consisted of a 1.5 molar solution of lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride.
- the cell was discharged under a 5 ohm load. It operated at an average voltage of 3.25 volts and delivered current for 3.8 hours thereby giving a cell capacity of 2.46 ampere-hours.
- Example 2 Identical cells were filled with the same quantity as in Example 1 of an electrolyte consisting of a 1.5 molar solution of lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride in which sulfur dioxide was also dissolved to a concentration of 3 moles per liter. When discharged, these cells delivered a somewhat higher voltage of 3.3 volts, but operated for 6.2 hours, thus delivering a capacity of 4.1 ampere-hours.
- Example 2 Identical cells to that described in Example 1 were now filled with 10 cc of an electrolyte consisting of a 1.5 molar solution of lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride in which also sulfolane was dissolved to a concentration of 3 moles per liter. These cells operated for 5.2 hours thus delivering a capacity of 3.4 ampere-hours.
- Example 1 Identical cells as in Example 1 were now filled with an electrolyte consisting of 1.8 moles per liter lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride to which phosphoryl chloride was added to a concentration of 1.5 moles per liter and sulfur dioxide also to a concentration of 4.5 moles per liter. The same amount of electrolyte as above was added and the cells sealed and discharged. At an average voltage of 3.3 volts they yielded 6 hours of operation or 3.86 ampere-hours upon discharge.
- Cylindrical cells similar to that described in Example 1 were built using a cathode pressed to an expanded nickel screen using a mixture consisting of 40% acetylene black, 15% graphite, 10% carbon black, 15% active vegetable carbon, 16% coke and 4% teflon powder as binder.
- a magnesium anode one and a half inches by nine inches by 0.015 inches was rolled in together with a fiberglass separator to produce a coil.
- the coil was filled with 11 cc of an electrolyte consisting of 1.85 m solution of magnesium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride in which also sulfolane was dissolved to a concentration of 1.5 m/L.
- the cell was discharged under a 20 ohm load and operated for a period of 21.5 hours at an average voltage of 2.9 volts for a delivered capacity of 3.1 ampere-hours.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A galvanic cell is disclosed comprising a porous cathode and an anode including a metal less noble than zinc selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and aluminum. The cell also includes an electrolyte for electrolytic conduction between the cathode and anode which electrolyte comprises a solvent including thionyl chloride. A first solute consisting essentially of a salt of the selected anode metal is dissolved in the solvent in a concentration of between 0.5 and 3.0 moles per liter. A second solute selected from the group of compounds consisting of phosphoryl chloride, sulfolane, sulfur dioxide and mixtures thereof is also dissolved in the solvent in a concentration of between 0.5 and 6.0 moles per liter.
Description
This invention relates generally to galvanic cells, and particularly to galvanic cells of the type employing thionyl chloride as an inorganic electrolytic solvent.
Thionyl chloride is well known as an inorganic electrolytic solvent for galvanic cells. This use is described, for example, on page 234 of Non-Aqueous Solvents (1953) by Audrieth and Kleinberg.
Although thionyl chloride has the attribute of being an inorganic solvent in which a large number of salts of diverse compositions may be dissolved, it also can be readily reduced like other oxychlorides at the cathode surface of a galvanic cell, thus acting as a cathodic depolarizer as well as a solvent. In high rate applications, however, electrolytes using pure thionyl chloride as solvent fail to yield high coulombic efficiencies in cells using lightweight metals, e.g., lithium as anodes.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved galvanic cell employing thionyl chloride as an electrolytic solvent.
More specifically, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved galvanic cell comprising an anode composed of one or more relatively light weight metals less noble than zinc, and an electrolytic solvent including thionyl chloride.
Other objects of the invention are to provide a galvanic cell employing a metal less noble than zinc such as lithium as an anode, and an electrolytic solvent including thionyl chloride, which cell is relatively stable and develops high coulombic efficiencies.
Briefly described, the present invention resides in the discovery of a unique and as yet not fully understood synergistic effect which occurs with the addition of certain sulfur and phosphor compound solutes to that of certain salt solutes when dissolved in thionyl chloride. Galvanic cells employing the resulting electrolyte have been found to have increased cell capacities and coulombic efficiencies.
In a preferred form of the invention a galvanic cell is provided comprising a porous cathode and an anode including a metal less noble than zinc selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and aluminum. An electrolyte is provided for electrolytic conduction between the cathode and anode with the electrolyte comprising a solvent including thionyl chloride. A first solute is dissolved in the solvent consisting essentially of a salt of the selected anode metal. A second solute is also dissolved in the solvent selected from the group of compounds consisting of phosphoryl chloride, sulfolane, sulfur dioxide and mixtures thereof.
Cylindrical cells 1 inch in diameter by 2 inches in length were constructed by coiling an inert cathode with a lithium anode. The cathode, 1/2 inches by 8 inches, was hot pressed at 200° C. to an expanded nickel screen, from a mixture consisting of 80% acetylene black, 17% graphite and 3% teflon powder as binder. The lithium anode, 11/2 inches wide by 9 inches long, was rolled to a thickness of 0.015 inches. A fiberglass separator was placed between the two electrodes which were then coiled and inserted into a nickel plated steel can. With proper connections spotwelded, the cell was filled with 10 cc of electrolyte and sealed. The electrolyte consisted of a 1.5 molar solution of lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride. The cell was discharged under a 5 ohm load. It operated at an average voltage of 3.25 volts and delivered current for 3.8 hours thereby giving a cell capacity of 2.46 ampere-hours.
Identical cells were filled with the same quantity as in Example 1 of an electrolyte consisting of a 1.5 molar solution of lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride in which sulfur dioxide was also dissolved to a concentration of 3 moles per liter. When discharged, these cells delivered a somewhat higher voltage of 3.3 volts, but operated for 6.2 hours, thus delivering a capacity of 4.1 ampere-hours.
Identical cells to that described in Example 1 were now filled with 10 cc of an electrolyte consisting of a 1.5 molar solution of lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride in which also sulfolane was dissolved to a concentration of 3 moles per liter. These cells operated for 5.2 hours thus delivering a capacity of 3.4 ampere-hours.
Identical cells as in Example 1 were now filled with an electrolyte consisting of 1.8 moles per liter lithium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride to which phosphoryl chloride was added to a concentration of 1.5 moles per liter and sulfur dioxide also to a concentration of 4.5 moles per liter. The same amount of electrolyte as above was added and the cells sealed and discharged. At an average voltage of 3.3 volts they yielded 6 hours of operation or 3.86 ampere-hours upon discharge.
Cylindrical cells similar to that described in Example 1 were built using a cathode pressed to an expanded nickel screen using a mixture consisting of 40% acetylene black, 15% graphite, 10% carbon black, 15% active vegetable carbon, 16% coke and 4% teflon powder as binder. A magnesium anode one and a half inches by nine inches by 0.015 inches was rolled in together with a fiberglass separator to produce a coil. The coil was filled with 11 cc of an electrolyte consisting of 1.85 m solution of magnesium chloroaluminate in thionyl chloride in which also sulfolane was dissolved to a concentration of 1.5 m/L. The cell was discharged under a 20 ohm load and operated for a period of 21.5 hours at an average voltage of 2.9 volts for a delivered capacity of 3.1 ampere-hours.
Similar cylindrical cells were pressed with a cathode mix containing 65% acetylene black, 15% active carbon charcoal, 16% graphite and 4% teflon power as binder. A lithium anode and a fiberglass separator similar to that of Example 1 was used. The cell was filled with 10.6 cc of electrolyte consisting of 1.7 molar solution lithium chloroborate in thionyl chloride in which sulfur dioxide and sulfolane were both dissolved to a concentration of 1.5 m/L each. When discharged under a 5 ohm load these cells delivered a voltage of 3.15 volts for a period of 6.2 hours thereby delivering 3.9 ampere-hours in capacity.
It should be understood that the just described examples are provided to illustrate principles of the invention in preferred, specific forms. Many modifications and additions may, of course, be made to the individual examples without departure from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (1)
- .[. . The galvanic cell of claim 1 wherein said first solute is a tetrachloroborate of the selected anode metal..]. .[.5. The galvanic cell of claim 1 wherein said first solute is a hexachloroarsenate of the selected anode metal..]. .[.6. The galvanic cell of claim 5 wherein said first solute is a hexachloroantimonate of the selected anode metal..]. .[.7. The galvanic cell of claim 1 wherein said anode includes lithium and wherein said first solute is selected from the group of lithium salts consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium chloroaluminate, lithium tetrachloroborate, lithium hexachloroarsenate and lithium hexachloroantimonate..]. .[.8. The galvanic cell of claim 1 wherein said anode includes magnesium and wherein said first solute is selected from the group of magnesium salts consisting of magnesium perchlorate, magnesium chloroaluminate, magnesium tetrachloroborate, magnesium hexachloroarsenate and magnesium hexachloroantimonate..]. .[.9. The galvanic cell of claim 1 wherein said anode includes lithium and said first solute consists essentially of lithium chloroaluminate..]. .[.10. The galvanic cell of claim 9 wherein said second solute consists of a mixture of two members of the group of compounds consisting of phosphoryl chloride, sulfolane and sulfur dioxide..]. .[.11. The galvanic cell of claim 1 wherein said porous cathode comprises carbon..]. .[.12. The galvanic cell of claim 1 wherein said second solute is sulfolane..]. .[.13. The galvanic cell of claim 1 where said second solute is phosphoryl chloride..]. .Iadd. 14. A galvanic cell comprising:A. a porous solid cathode;B. an anode that includes lithium; andC. an electrolyte for electrolytic conduction between said anode and cathode consisting essentially of thionyl chloride in which is dissolveda. a first solute consisting essentially of lithium chloroaluminate in a concentration of between 0.5 and 3.0 moles per liter, andb. a second solute consisting of a mixture of sulfolane and sulfur dioxide in a concentration of between 0.5 and 6.0 moles per liter. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 15. A galvanic cell comprising:A. a porous solid cathode;B. an anode including a metal less noble than zinc selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and aluminum; andC. an electrolyte for electrolytic conduction between said anode and cathode consisting essentially of thionyl chloride in which is dissolveda. a first solute consisting essentially of a salt of the selected anode metal in a concentration of between 0.5 and 3.0 moles per liter, andb. a second solute consisting of sulfolane in a concentration of between 0.5 and 6.0 moles per liter. .Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/780,649 USRE30661E (en) | 1977-03-23 | 1977-03-23 | Electric current producing galvanic cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/780,649 USRE30661E (en) | 1977-03-23 | 1977-03-23 | Electric current producing galvanic cell |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US416073A Reissue US3891458A (en) | 1973-11-15 | 1973-11-15 | Electric current producing galvanic cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE30661E true USRE30661E (en) | 1981-06-30 |
Family
ID=25120229
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/780,649 Expired - Lifetime USRE30661E (en) | 1977-03-23 | 1977-03-23 | Electric current producing galvanic cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USRE30661E (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1982001443A1 (en) * | 1980-10-17 | 1982-04-29 | Laboratories Inc Gte | Electrochemical cell |
| USH457H (en) | 1985-08-22 | 1988-04-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Cathode for use in high energy primary thionyl chloride cell systems and high energy primary thionyl chloride cell systems including the cathode |
| USH496H (en) | 1987-08-10 | 1988-07-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Electrolyte for use in an all inorganic rechargeable cell and lithium inorganic cell containing the improved electrolyte |
| US5352546A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1994-10-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | High rate electrochemical cell |
| CN115602863A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-13 | 上海交通大学（Cn） | Magnesium/thionyl chloride primary battery and preparation and recovery method thereof |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3415687A (en) * | 1966-03-29 | 1968-12-10 | Honeywell Inc | Electric current producing cell |
| FR1583804A (en) | 1968-04-03 | 1969-12-05 | ||
| US3493433A (en) * | 1964-10-13 | 1970-02-03 | American Cyanamid Co | Electrodeposition of alkali metals from nonaqueous solvents |
| US3567515A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1971-03-02 | American Cyanamid Co | Electrochemical cell containing sulfur dioxide as the cathode depolarizer |
| FR2079744A5 (en) | 1970-02-11 | 1971-11-12 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Non aqueous electrolyte for lithium halide cells - contg tetrachloraluminate and quaternary ammonium aluminate in thiony |
| US3681144A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1972-08-01 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Lithium-metal selenide organic electrolyte cell |
| US3926669A (en) * | 1972-11-13 | 1975-12-16 | Gte Laboratories Inc | Electrochemical cells having an electrolytic solution comprising a covalent inorganic oxyhalide solvent |
-
1977
- 1977-03-23 US US05/780,649 patent/USRE30661E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3493433A (en) * | 1964-10-13 | 1970-02-03 | American Cyanamid Co | Electrodeposition of alkali metals from nonaqueous solvents |
| US3415687A (en) * | 1966-03-29 | 1968-12-10 | Honeywell Inc | Electric current producing cell |
| FR1583804A (en) | 1968-04-03 | 1969-12-05 | ||
| FR2079744A5 (en) | 1970-02-11 | 1971-11-12 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Non aqueous electrolyte for lithium halide cells - contg tetrachloraluminate and quaternary ammonium aluminate in thiony |
| US3567515A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1971-03-02 | American Cyanamid Co | Electrochemical cell containing sulfur dioxide as the cathode depolarizer |
| US3681144A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1972-08-01 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Lithium-metal selenide organic electrolyte cell |
| US3926669A (en) * | 1972-11-13 | 1975-12-16 | Gte Laboratories Inc | Electrochemical cells having an electrolytic solution comprising a covalent inorganic oxyhalide solvent |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Auborn et al., Research and Development Technical Report ECOM-0060-2, Jul. 1972. * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1982001443A1 (en) * | 1980-10-17 | 1982-04-29 | Laboratories Inc Gte | Electrochemical cell |
| US4375501A (en) | 1980-10-17 | 1983-03-01 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Electrochemical cell |
| USH457H (en) | 1985-08-22 | 1988-04-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Cathode for use in high energy primary thionyl chloride cell systems and high energy primary thionyl chloride cell systems including the cathode |
| USH496H (en) | 1987-08-10 | 1988-07-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Electrolyte for use in an all inorganic rechargeable cell and lithium inorganic cell containing the improved electrolyte |
| US5352546A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1994-10-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | High rate electrochemical cell |
| CN115602863A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-13 | 上海交通大学（Cn） | Magnesium/thionyl chloride primary battery and preparation and recovery method thereof |
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