USRE30578E - N-arylcarbamic acid esters - Google Patents
N-arylcarbamic acid esters Download PDFInfo
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- USRE30578E USRE30578E US05/853,971 US85397177A USRE30578E US RE30578 E USRE30578 E US RE30578E US 85397177 A US85397177 A US 85397177A US RE30578 E USRE30578 E US RE30578E
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/87—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans
- C07D307/88—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 1 or 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/20—N-Aryl derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to certain new N-arylcarbamic acid esters, to their use as plant-growth-regulating agents, and to plant-growth-regulating compositions containing them.
- maleic acid hydrazide can be used for keeping down plant growth and for suppressing undesired side shoots in tobacco or in tomatoes.
- its inhibiting action is not always entirely satisfactory if low amounts and concentrations are used.
- its toleration by plants is not always good, especially at high concentrations (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,575,954; 2,614,916 and 2,805,926; British Pat. Specification No. 672,596; and W. H. Andrew and S. R. Andrew, Can. I. Biol. 31,426 (1953)).
- R is lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl by which is meant a hydrocarbon radical containing up to about 10 carbon atoms, e.g., open-chain aliphatic, which can be saturated or olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated, or cycloaliphatic, and lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituted with hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy, or aryl, wherein the alkoxy or aryl are also lower, i.e, contain up to about 10 carbon atoms; more specifically
- R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or aralkyl that may be substituted in the aryl part,
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which may be identical or different, are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or halogen,
- R 4 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, acylalkyl (i.e., alkanoyloxyalkyl), alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl or arylthioalkyl radical, or the grouping ##STR4## wherein R 4' is hydrogen or is defined as R 4 is defined above and
- Y and Y' are oxygen or sulfur.
- R should be straight-chain or branched alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkenyl with three to six carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkynyl with three to six carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to eight carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl with two to four carbon atoms, hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl with, in either case, three to six carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy part and two to four carbon atoms in the alkyl part, haloalkyl with one to four carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially fluorine and chlorine), haloalkenyl or haloalkynyl with, in either case, three to six carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially chlorine) or aralkyl with one to four carbon atoms in the
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which may be alike or different, should each be hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, straightchain or branched alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to seven carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkoxy with one to four carbon atoms, haloalkyl with one or two carbon atoms and two to five halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine);
- R 4 should be straight-chain or branched alkyl with one to six carbon atoms or haloalkyl with one to six carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), straight-chain or branched alkenyl with three to six carbon atoms or haloalkenyl with three to six carbon atoms and one to four halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), straight-chain or branched alkynyl with three to six carbon atoms or haloalkynyl with three to six carbon atoms and one to four halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or acylalkyl or alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy or alkythio or acyl (i.e., alkanoyl) part and one to four carbon atom
- the compounds of the formula (I) have been found to possess very good plant-growth-influencing properties.
- the N-arylcarbamic acid esters according to the invention show a considerably greater inhibiting action on plant growth and far greater toleration by plants than maleic acid hydrazide, which is known from the state of the art and which is the nearest active substance of the same type of action.
- the compounds according to the invention hence represent a valuable enrichment of the art.
- the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of an N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the formula (I) in which an N-chloromethyl-N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the general formula ##STR5## in which
- R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the meanings stated above, is reacted (a) with a compound of the general formula
- R 4 and Y have the meanings stated above, in the presence of an acid-binding agent and optionally in the presence of a solvent, or (b) with a compound of the general formula
- R 4 and Y have the meanings stated above, and
- A is a cation or a fraction of a cation, such as an ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation,
- N-chloromethyl-N-aryl carbamates (II) that can be used according to the invention, there may be mentioned: Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenyl carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenylcarbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 4-Chloro-2-butynyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 3-Butynyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, Methyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-
- N-chloromethyl-N-aryl carbamates of the formula (II) used as starting materials have not hitherto been described in the literature, but can be prepared by a process, which does not form part of the state of the art, that comprises reacting carbamic acid esters with paraformaldehyde in the presence of thionyl chloride in an inert solvent at temperatures between +10° C. and +120° C. This process is the subject of a separate patent application.
- A is ammonium, dialkylammonium or trialkylammonium with one to four carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety (which may be straight-cahin or branched), a sodium ion or a potassium ion, or represents half of a magnesium ion or of a calcium ion.
- alcohols examples include mercaptans, phenols, thiophenols, carboxylic acids and thiocarboxylic acids (III) and their salts (IV) that can be used according to the invention, there may be mentioned: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert.-butanol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, 3-methylbutynol-(3), butenol-(3); 2-chloroethanol, 4-chloro-2-butynol, cyclohexanol, glycol monomethyl ether, benzyl alcohol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, methylmercaptan, ethylmercaptan, propylmercaptan, isopropylmercaptan, allylmercaptan, benzylmercaptan, 4-chlorothiophenol, sodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium monochloroacetate, sodium dichloroacetate, sodium
- any inert organic solvent especially a hydrocarbon, such as benzine, benzene or toluene, a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, or an ether, such as diethyl ether, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran.
- a hydrocarbon such as benzine, benzene or toluene
- a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride
- an ether such as diethyl ether, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran.
- any customary acid-binder can be used as the acid-binding agent, but it is preferred to use an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate or atertiary organic base: sodium carbonate, triethylamine and pyridine are particularly suitable.
- reaction temperatures in process variant (a) can be varied over a fairly wide range.
- the reaction is carried out at from -20° C. to +100° C., preferably from -10° C. to +80° C.
- the hydrochloride or chloride produced is removed by filtering it and then thoroughly rinsing the reaction solution with water; the solution is dried over freshly calcined sodium sulphate and subsequently distilled.
- the compounds of the formula (I) are mostly water-clear liquids that can easily be distilled. In some cases, however, oils that cannot be distilled are obtained.
- a diluent for the reaction according to process variant (b) there may be used any polar organic solvent, preferably a nitrile, such as acetonitrile and tolunitrile, a sulphoxide, such as dimethylsulphoxide, or an amide, such as dimethylformamide.
- a nitrile such as acetonitrile and tolunitrile
- a sulphoxide such as dimethylsulphoxide
- an amide such as dimethylformamide
- reaction temperatures for process variant (b) can be varied over a fairly wide range. In general, the reaction is carried out at from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably from 20° C. to 100° C.
- the chloride produced is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is taken up in an organic solvent. After brief shaking with water, the organic phase is dried and thereafter the solvent is distilled off in vacuo.
- the product thus obtained is in many cases pure but can be further purified by distillation, if necessary.
- the active compounds according to the invention interfere with the physiologial phenomena of plant growth and can therefore be used as plant growth regulators.
- the different effects of the active compounds essentially depend on the point in time at which they are used, relative to the stage of development of the seed or of the plant, and on the concentrations employed.
- Plant-growth regulators are used for various purposes that are related to the state of development of the plant.
- the seed dormancy can be broken by means of plantgrowth regulators in order to cause the seeds to germinate at a certain time that is desired, but at which the seed itself displays no readiness to germinate.
- Seed germination itself can be either inhibited or promoted by such active compounds depending on the concentration employed. This inhibition or promotion refers to the development of the seedling.
- the bud dormancy of plants that is to say the endogenic annual cycle, can be influenced by the active compounds, so that the plants, for example, shoot or blossom at a point in time at which they normally show no readiness to shoot or blossom.
- the shoot growth or root growth can be promoted or inhibited by the active compounds, depending on the concentration.
- the active compounds depending on the concentration.
- the inhibition of growth at the edges of roads and paths is of economic interest. Furthermore, the frequency of cutting the grass (mowing) of lawns can be reduced. Equally, the growth of woodlands can be inhibited.
- the lateral branching can also be increased by chemically breaking the apical dominance. Interest in this exists, for example, in the propagation of plants by cuttings. Depending on the concentration, it is however also possible to inhibit the growth of side shoots, for example in order to prevent the formation of side shoots in tobacco plants after decapitation and thereby promote leaf growth.
- Growth regulators can also be used to reduce the transpiration rate of plants in order to prevent damage through drying out.
- Fruit setting can be promoted, so that more fruit or seedless fruit is formed (parthenocarpy). Under certain conditions, the premature fall of fruit can also be prevented, or the fall of fruit can, to a certain degree, be promoted in the sense of a chemical thinning-out. The promotion of the fall of fruit can, however, also be utilized by carrying out the treatment at harvest time, whereby harvesting is facilitated.
- Increases in yield by means of growth regulators can be achieved both by promoting the setting of fruit and by the formation of larger fruit or by promotion of vegetative growth. Furthermore, it is possible to stimulate the synthesis or secretion of secondary vegetable constituents (for example the latex secretion of rubber trees).
- the active compounds according to the invention show herbicidal properties at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the active compounds according to the invention possess insecticidal, acaricidal and, in some cases, fungitoxic activity.
- the active compounds according to the present invention can be converted into the usual formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granulates. These may be produced in known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is, liquid or solid or liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, that is, emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents.
- extenders that is, liquid or solid or liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers
- surface-active agents that is, emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents.
- organic solvents can, for example, also be used as auxiliary solvents (see Agricultural Chemicals, March 1960, pages 35 to 38).
- liquid diluents or carriers there are preferably used aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylenes, toluene, benzene or alkyl naphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, or strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide or acetonitrile, as well as water.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes, toluene, benzene or alkyl naphthalenes
- liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers liquids which would be gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, for example aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, for example freon.
- ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, or ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina or silicates.
- emulsifying agents include non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene-fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene-fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylarylpolyglycol ethers, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates and aryl sulphonates; and preferred examples of dispersing agents include lignin, sulphite waste liquors and methyl cellulose.
- the active compounds according to the invention can be present in the formulations as a mixture with other active substances.
- the formulations in general, contain from 0.1 to 95, preferably from 0.5 to 90, percent by weight of active compound.
- the active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or in the form of the application forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granules. They may be employed in any customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomising, sprinkling or dusting.
- the amount of active substance employed can vary over a fairly wide range; it depends essentially on the nature of the desired effect. In general, however, the amounts used are from 0.1 to 25 kg/hectare, preferably from 0.5 to 20 kg/hectare.
- the present invention also provides a plant-growth-regulating composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the present invention in admixture with a solid or liquefied gaseous diluent or carrier or in admixture with a liquid diluent or carrier containing a surface-active agent.
- the present invention also provides a method of regulating the growth of plants which comprises applying to the plants or a plant habitat a compound of the present invention alone or in the form of a composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the present invention in admixture with a diluent or carrier.
- Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of polyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate.
- Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of polyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate.
- cress seeds were placed on a filter paper onto which the active-compound preparation had been dripped. Since the cress seeds adhere to moist filter paper the latter was placed vertically in a beaker of 250 ml capacity. The beaker was filled with 20 ml of active-compound preparation and was covered with a glass plate. After 4 days the seedlings were measured and the percentage inhibition of elongation growth was calculated, relative to the control (distilled water with the appropriate amounts of solvent and emulsifier).
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Abstract
New N-arylcarbamic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R is lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl, optionally substituted,
R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or halogen,
R4 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, acylalkyl (i.e., alkanoyloxyalkyl), alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl or arylthioalkyl radical, or the grouping ##STR2## wherein R4' is hydrogen or is defined as R4 is defined above, and
Y and Y' are oxygen or sulfur,
are outstandingly effective in regulating the growth of plants, i.e., to inhibit, stimulate or alter the growth of plants.
Description
The present invention relates to certain new N-arylcarbamic acid esters, to their use as plant-growth-regulating agents, and to plant-growth-regulating compositions containing them.
It has already been disclosed that maleic acid hydrazide can be used for keeping down plant growth and for suppressing undesired side shoots in tobacco or in tomatoes. However, its inhibiting action is not always entirely satisfactory if low amounts and concentrations are used. Equally, its toleration by plants is not always good, especially at high concentrations (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,575,954; 2,614,916 and 2,805,926; British Pat. Specification No. 672,596; and W. H. Andrew and S. R. Andrew, Can. I. Biol. 31,426 (1953)).
The present invention provides, as new compounds, N-arylcarbamic acid ester compounds of the general formula ##STR3## in which R is lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl by which is meant a hydrocarbon radical containing up to about 10 carbon atoms, e.g., open-chain aliphatic, which can be saturated or olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated, or cycloaliphatic, and lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituted with hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy, or aryl, wherein the alkoxy or aryl are also lower, i.e, contain up to about 10 carbon atoms; more specifically
R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or aralkyl that may be substituted in the aryl part,
R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or halogen,
R4 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, acylalkyl (i.e., alkanoyloxyalkyl), alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl or arylthioalkyl radical, or the grouping ##STR4## wherein R4' is hydrogen or is defined as R4 is defined above and
Y and Y' are oxygen or sulfur.
In formula (I) it is preferred that R should be straight-chain or branched alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkenyl with three to six carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkynyl with three to six carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to eight carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl with two to four carbon atoms, hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl with, in either case, three to six carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy part and two to four carbon atoms in the alkyl part, haloalkyl with one to four carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially fluorine and chlorine), haloalkenyl or haloalkynyl with, in either case, three to six carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially chlorine) or aralkyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl part and six to ten carbon atoms in the aryl part, this aryl part optionally carrying one or more substituents, preferably selected from halogen (especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine), branched or straight-chain alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, haloalkyl with one to four carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms, alkoxy with up to four carbon atoms and nitro;
that R1, R2 and R3, which may be alike or different, should each be hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, straightchain or branched alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to seven carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkoxy with one to four carbon atoms, haloalkyl with one or two carbon atoms and two to five halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine);
and that R4 should be straight-chain or branched alkyl with one to six carbon atoms or haloalkyl with one to six carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), straight-chain or branched alkenyl with three to six carbon atoms or haloalkenyl with three to six carbon atoms and one to four halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), straight-chain or branched alkynyl with three to six carbon atoms or haloalkynyl with three to six carbon atoms and one to four halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or acylalkyl or alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy or alkythio or acyl (i.e., alkanoyl) part and one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl part, optionally substituted cycloalkyl with three to eight carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl part, aryl with six to ten 10 carbon atoms, or aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl or arylthioalkyl with, in each case, six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl part and one to three carbon atoms in the alkyl part, the aryl part of the four last-mentioned radicals optionally carrying one or more substituents selected from halogen (preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine), straightchain or branched alkyl or alkoxy with, in either case, one to three carbon atoms and haloalkyl with one or two carbon atoms and one to five halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), or the grouping R4' --CY'--, where Y' is oxygen or sulphur and R4' is hydrogen or is defined as R4 has just been defined above.
The compounds of the formula (I) have been found to possess very good plant-growth-influencing properties. Surprisingly, the N-arylcarbamic acid esters according to the invention show a considerably greater inhibiting action on plant growth and far greater toleration by plants than maleic acid hydrazide, which is known from the state of the art and which is the nearest active substance of the same type of action. The compounds according to the invention hence represent a valuable enrichment of the art.
The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of an N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the formula (I) in which an N-chloromethyl-N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the general formula ##STR5## in which
R, R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings stated above, is reacted (a) with a compound of the general formula
H--Y--R.sup.4 (III)
in which
R4 and Y have the meanings stated above, in the presence of an acid-binding agent and optionally in the presence of a solvent, or (b) with a compound of the general formula
A--Y--R.sup.4 (IV)
in which
R4 and Y have the meanings stated above, and
A is a cation or a fraction of a cation, such as an ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation,
in the presence of a solvent.
If Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate and n-propylmercaptan are used as starting materials according to process variant (a), the reaction is represented by the following equation: ##STR6##
If Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate and sodium acetate are used as the starting materials according to process variant (b), the course of the reaction can be represented by the following equation: ##STR7##
As examples of the N-chloromethyl-N-aryl carbamates (II) that can be used according to the invention, there may be mentioned: Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenyl carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenylcarbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 4-Chloro-2-butynyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 3-Butynyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, Methyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methyl-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methyl-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)-carbamate and Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-carbamate.
The N-chloromethyl-N-aryl carbamates of the formula (II) used as starting materials have not hitherto been described in the literature, but can be prepared by a process, which does not form part of the state of the art, that comprises reacting carbamic acid esters with paraformaldehyde in the presence of thionyl chloride in an inert solvent at temperatures between +10° C. and +120° C. This process is the subject of a separate patent application.
Preferably, in formula (IV), A is ammonium, dialkylammonium or trialkylammonium with one to four carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety (which may be straight-cahin or branched), a sodium ion or a potassium ion, or represents half of a magnesium ion or of a calcium ion.
As examples of the alcohols, mercaptans, phenols, thiophenols, carboxylic acids and thiocarboxylic acids (III) and their salts (IV) that can be used according to the invention, there may be mentioned: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert.-butanol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, 3-methylbutynol-(3), butenol-(3); 2-chloroethanol, 4-chloro-2-butynol, cyclohexanol, glycol monomethyl ether, benzyl alcohol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, methylmercaptan, ethylmercaptan, propylmercaptan, isopropylmercaptan, allylmercaptan, benzylmercaptan, 4-chlorothiophenol, sodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium monochloroacetate, sodium dichloroacetate, sodium 2,2-dichloropropionate, sodium phenylacetate, sodium benzoate, potassium acetate, sodium thioacetate, sodium butyrate, sodium valerate, sodium propionate, sodium isobutyrate, sodium trifluoroacetate, sodium laevuleate, sodium cretonate, sodium salt of succinic acid monoester, sodium salt of maleic acid monoester and sodium salt of fumaric acid mono ester.
The alcohols, mercaptans, phenols, thiophenols, carboxylic acids and thiocarboxylic acids as well as their salts, which correspond to the formulae (III) and (IV) are used as starting substances, are known.
As a diluent in the reaction according to the process variant (a) there may be used any inert organic solvent, especially a hydrocarbon, such as benzine, benzene or toluene, a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, or an ether, such as diethyl ether, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran.
Any customary acid-binder can be used as the acid-binding agent, but it is preferred to use an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate or atertiary organic base: sodium carbonate, triethylamine and pyridine are particularly suitable.
The reaction temperatures in process variant (a) can be varied over a fairly wide range. In general, the reaction is carried out at from -20° C. to +100° C., preferably from -10° C. to +80° C.
In carrying out process variant (a), 1 to 1.5 moles of the compound of the formula (III) and 1 to 2 moles of an acid-binding agent are preferably used per mole of N-chloromethyl N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the formula (II). A further excess over the stoichiometric amounts does not result in any significant improvement in yield.
In order to isolate the compounds of the formula (I), the hydrochloride or chloride produced is removed by filtering it and then thoroughly rinsing the reaction solution with water; the solution is dried over freshly calcined sodium sulphate and subsequently distilled. The compounds of the formula (I) are mostly water-clear liquids that can easily be distilled. In some cases, however, oils that cannot be distilled are obtained.
As a diluent for the reaction according to process variant (b), there may be used any polar organic solvent, preferably a nitrile, such as acetonitrile and tolunitrile, a sulphoxide, such as dimethylsulphoxide, or an amide, such as dimethylformamide.
The reaction temperatures for process variant (b) can be varied over a fairly wide range. In general, the reaction is carried out at from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably from 20° C. to 100° C.
In carrying out process variant (b), 1 mole of the compound of the formula (IV) is generally employed per mole of the compound of the formula (II).
In order to isolate the compound of the formula (I), the chloride produced is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is taken up in an organic solvent. After brief shaking with water, the organic phase is dried and thereafter the solvent is distilled off in vacuo. The product thus obtained is in many cases pure but can be further purified by distillation, if necessary.
The preparation of compounds of this invention and the process employed is illustrated in and by the following preparative Examples.
A mixture of 23.9 g (0.746mole) of methanol and 37.8 g (0.373 mole) of triethylamine in 95 ml of anhydrous benzene was slowly added dropwise, whilst stirring, to a solution of 84.9 g (0.373 mole) of N-Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenyl carbamate in 200 ml of anhydrous benzene at 20° C. The exothermic reaction was kept to 20° C. by means of an ice bath. Thereafter, the triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered off and the benzene solution was washed with water and dried over freshly calcined sodium sulphate. The isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-phenylcarbamate thus obtained was purified by distillation; 74.9 g (90% of theory) of boiling point 97°-98° C./0.45 mm Hg were obtained.
A mixture of 15.2 g (0.2 mole) of n-propylmercaptan and 24.2 g (0.24 mole) of triethylamine in 160 ml of anhydrous benzene was added dropwise, whilst stirring, to a solution of 52.4 g (0.2 mole) of Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate in 200 ml of anhydrous benzene at 20° C. The temperature was kept at 20° C. Thereafter, the mixture was heated for one hour under reflux. After cooling, the triethylamine hydrochloride produced was filtered off and the resulting benzene solution was washed with water and dried over freshly calcined sodium sulphate. After distilling off the solvent, an oil remained, which was distilled in vacuo. 51.9 g (86% of theory) of Isopropyl-N-propylmercaptomethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate of boiling point 158° C./1 mm Hg were obtained.
A solution of 16.3 g (0.1 mole) of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 14 ml (0.1 mole) of triethylamine in 100 ml of benzene was added dropwise, over the course of 15 minutes, to a solution of 23.4 g (0.1 mole) of Methyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-carbamate in 200 ml of dry benzene. Thereafter the triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered off, the filtrate was washed with 5% strength sodium hydroxide solution and water, and after drying over calcined sodium sulphate the benzene was distilled off under reduced pressure. 52.4 g (92% of theory) of Methyl-N-(2,4-dichlorophenoxymethyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, melting at 79°-80° C. after recrystallization from ethanol, were obtained.
A mixture of 52.4 g (0.2 mole) of Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate and 24.6 g (0.3 mole) of anhydrous sodium acetate in 700 ml of anhydrous acetonitrile was boiled for four hours under reflux. After cooling, the salts were filtered off, the filtrate was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in 300 ml of ether and the ether solution was washed with water and dried over freshly calcined sodium sulfate. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off and the resulting oil was distilled in vacuo. 34.2 g (95% of theory) of Isopropyl-N-acetoxymethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate of boiling point 134° C./0.3 mm Hg and refractive index nD 20 1.5074 were obtained.
The following compounds may be prepared by methods analogous to those given in the foregoing Examples.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR12##
Melting Point. °C.
Compound Boiling point. °C./mm
Hg
No. R R.sup.1
R.sup.2
R.sup.3
Y R.sup.4
Compound Name Refractive index
__________________________________________________________________________
n.sub.D.sup.20
1 CH.sub.3
H H H O CH.sub.3
Methyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-
86-87/0.3
phenyl carbamate
2 CH.sub.3
H H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
Methyl-N-ethoxymethyl-N-
104/0.35
phenyl carbamate
3 CH.sub.3
H H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
Methyl-N-isopropyoxymethyl-
79-81/0.15
N-phenyl carbamate
4 CH.sub.3
H H H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
Methyl-N-n-butoxymethyl-N-
93-94/0.15
phenyl carbamate
5 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3
Isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-
98/0.4
N-phenyl carbamate
6 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.3
Isopropyl-N-ethoxyethyl-N-
92/0.3
phenyl carbamate
7 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O C.sub.3 H.sub.7
Isopropyl-N-n-propoxymethyl-
128-130/0.8
N-phenyl carbamate
8 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
Isopropyl-N-isopropoxymeth-
94/0.2
yl-N-phenyl carbamate
9 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl
H H O CH.sub.3
Isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-
110/0.2
N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate
__________________________________________________________________________
Compounds 10 to 43 hereinbelow have not been named for the sake of
brevity. inasmuch as the nomenclature is analogous to that given above.
Melting point °C.
Compound Boiling pont. °C./mm Hg
No. R R.sup.1
R.sup.2
R.sup.3
Y R.sup.4 Refractive index n.sub.D.sup.20
__________________________________________________________________________
10 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
131-133/0.5
11 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O C.sub.3 H.sub.7
139-141/0.5
12 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
133-135/0.5
13 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
146-148/0.5
14 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O CHCCH.sub.2
135-140/0.3
15 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O (C.sub.2 H.sub.3)(CH.sub.3)CH
135-137/0.4
16 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.3 C
130-132/0.3
17 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O CH.sub.2CHC(CH.sub. 3).sub.2
139-141/0.3
18 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O HCCC(CH.sub.3)
140-145/0.4
--
19 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O CH.sub.3 1.5380
20 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
1.5325
21 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O C.sub.3 H.sub.7
1.5276
22 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
1.5282
23 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
1.5239
24 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O (C.sub.2 H.sub.3)(CH.sub.3)CH
1.5274
25 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H S C.sub.3 H.sub.7
1.5548
26 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H S C.sub.4 H.sub.9
1.5496
27 CH.sub.3
3-Cl H H O CH.sub.3 96-98/0.25
28 CH.sub.3
3-Cl H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
96-97/0.15
29 CH.sub.3
3-Cl H H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
125-126/0.5
30 CH.sub.3
H 4-Cl
H O CH.sub.3 113/0.4
31 CH.sub.3
H 4-Cl
H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
111/0.25
32 CH.sub.3
H 4-Cl
H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
118-119/0.25
33 CH.sub.3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H O CH.sub.3 154-155/1.5
34 CH.sub.3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
136/0.35
35 CH.sub.3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
122-123/0.25
36 CH.sub.3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
166-167/1.3
37 CH.sub.3
H H H O 2,4-Cl.sub. 2C.sub.3 H.sub.2
72-72.5
38 CH.sub.3
H H H S C.sub.4 H.sub.9
124-126/0.65
39 CH.sub.3
H H H S 4-ClC.sub.4 H.sub.9
171-175/0.15
40 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3
H 5-Cl
O CH.sub.3 132/0.6
41 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3
H 5-Cl
O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
130/0.2
42 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3 O
H 5-Cl
O CH.sub.3 138/0.2
43 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3 O
H 5-Cl
O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
138/0.3
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR13##
__________________________________________________________________________
Comp- Melting point. °C.
pound Compound Boiling point °C./mm
Hg
No. R R.sup.1
R.sup.2
R.sup.3
Y R.sup.4 Name Refractive index
__________________________________________________________________________
n.sub.D.sup.20
44 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
Isopropyl-N-2-methyl
122/0.3
propanoyl-oxymethyl-N-
phenyl carbamate
45 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.3 C
Isopropyl-2,2-dimethyl
138/0.7
propanoyl-N-oxymethyl-N-
phenyl carbamate
46 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O C.sub.6 H.sub.3CH.sub.2
Isopropyl-N-2-phenyl-
179-180/0.5
acetoxymethyl-N-phenyl
carbamate
47 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O C.sub.6 H.sub.3
Isopropyl-N-benzoyloxy-
64-65
methyl-N-phenyl carbamate
48 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O H Isopropyl-N-2-formyloxy-
117/0.35
methyl-N-phenyl carbamate
49 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3 Isopropyl-N-acetoxymethyl-
118/0.4
N-phenyl carbamate
50 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.3
Isopropyl-N-n-propanoyl-
119/0.2
oxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate
51 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.3
Isopropyl)-N-n-propanoyl-
138/0.4
oxymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
52 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.3 H.sub.7
Isopropyl-N-n-butanoyloxy-
150/0.4
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
53 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
Isopropyl-N-n-pentanoyloxy-
155/0.4
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
54 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl
H H O (C.sub.2 H.sub.5) (CH.sub.3)CH
Isopropyl-N-2-methylbutanoyl-
147/0.4
oxymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
__________________________________________________________________________
Melting point °C.
Compound Boiling point. °C./mm Hg
No. R R.sup.1
R.sup.2
R.sup.3
Y R.sup.4 Refractive index n.sub.D.sup.20
__________________________________________________________________________
55 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
142/0.5
56 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.3 C
142/0.5
57 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O ClCH.sub.2
1.5184
58 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O Cl.sub.2 CH
1.5203
59 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O CCl.sub.3
1.5249
60 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O CH.sub.3 CCl.sub.2
1.5146
61 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O C.sub.6 H.sub.3
51
62 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Cl H H O C.sub.6 H.sub.3 CH.sub.2
1.5374
63 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3 O
H 5-Cl
O CH.sub.3
1.5086
64 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3
H 5-Cl
O CH.sub.3
1.5049
65 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O CH.sub.3
160/0.1
66 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O ClCH.sub.2
188/0.1
67 CH.sub.3
H H H S C.sub.2 H.sub.3
1.5848
68 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O 2,4-Cl.sub. 2C.sub.8 H.sub.3
82
69 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.3
190/1.2
70 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
170/0.6
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR14## (I)
Compound Compound Boiling point,
No. R R.sup.1
R.sup.2
R.sup.3
Y R.sup.4 Name °C./mm
__________________________________________________________________________
Hg
71
##STR15##
3-Cl
H H O CH.sub.3 3-Butin-2-yl-N-methoxy- methyl-N-3-chlor
ophenyl- carbamate
136-137/0.3
72
##STR16##
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
3-Butin-2-yl-N-ethoxymethyl- N-3-chlorop
henyl carbamate
140-141/0.4
73
##STR17##
3-Cl
H H O n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7
3-Butin-2-yl-N-n-propoxy- methyl-N-3-chl
orophenyl carbamate
140-142/0.2
74
##STR18##
3-Cl
H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Butin-2-yl-N-isopropoxy- methyl-N-3-ch
lorophenyl carbamate
142-143/0.5
75
##STR19##
3-Cl
H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2
3-Butin-2-yl-N-3-methyl- i-butoxymethyl-
N-3-chloro- phenyl carbamate
148-149/0.4
76 HCCC(CH.sub.3).sub.2
3-Cl
H H O CH.sub.3 3-Butin-2-yl-N-methoxy-
132-134/0.1
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
77 HCCC(CH.sub.3).sub.2
3-Cl
H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
3-Butin-2-yl-N-isopropoxy-
140-141/0.6
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 4
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR20## (V)
__________________________________________________________________________
Melting
point,
°C.
Boiling
point,
°C./mm
Hg
Refractive
Compound Compound index
No. R R.sup.1
R.sup.2
R.sup.3
Y R.sup.4 Name n.sub.D.sup.20
__________________________________________________________________________
78 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3 O
5-Cl
H O CH.sub.2 Cl Isopropyl-N-chloroacetoxy-
72.5
methyl-N-(2-methoxy-5-chloro-
phenyl)carbamate
79 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
2-CH.sub.3 O
5-CL
H O CCl.sub.2 CH.sub.3
Isopropyl-N-(3,3-dichloro-n-
1.5167
propanoyloxymethyl)-N-2-
methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)
carbamate
80 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O CH.sub.3 Isobutyl-N-acetoxymethyl-N-
153/0.1
3-chlorophenyl carbamate
81 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
Isobutyl-N-n-propanoyloxy-
151/0.1
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
82 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7
Isobutyl-N-n-butanoyloxy-
159/0.1
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
83 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O cyclo-C.sub.3 H.sub.5
Isobutyl-N-cyclopropyl-
168/0.1
carbonyloxymethyl-N-3-
chlorophenyl carbamate
84 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2
3-Cl H H O C(CH.sub.3).sub.3
Isobutyl-N-(2,2-dimethyl-
161/0.1
propanoyloxymethyl)-N-3-
chlorophenyl carbamate
85
##STR21##
3-Cl H H O CH.sub.3 1-Methylpropyl-1-N-acetoxy-
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate 145/0.08
86
##STR22##
3-Cl H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
1-Methylpropyl-1-N-n-propanoyl-
xymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamic acid n-butyl-(2)
150/0.1
__________________________________________________________________________
Melting
point,
°C.
Boiling
point,
°C./mm Hg
Compound Refractive
No. R R.sup.1
R.sup.2
R.sup.3
Y R.sup.4 Index
n.sub.D.sup.20)
__________________________________________________________________________
87
##STR23##
3-Cl
H H O n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7
156/0.05
88
##STR24##
3-Cl
H H O n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9
160/0.1
89
##STR25##
3-Cl
H H O C(CH.sub.3).sub.3
153/0.1
90 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl
H H O
##STR26## 80-82
91 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.3 H.sub.7
168/0.6
92 ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
3-Cl
H H O
##STR27## 92-93
93 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2
134/0.3
94 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O C.sub.3 H.sub.7
128/0.3
95 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR28## 138/0.4
96 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O ClCH.sub.2 139/0.3
97 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR29## 1.4888
98 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
1.4892
99 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHCH.sub.2
1.4868
100 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR30## 1.5060
101 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR31## 64.65
102 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR32## 1.5004
103
##STR33##
3-Cl
H H O CH.sub.3 153-155°/0.
2
104
##STR34##
3-Cl
H H O ClCH.sub.2 137-139/10.sup.-3
105
##STR35##
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5
155-156/0.2
106
##STR36##
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.3 H.sub.7
158-160/0.1
107
##STR37##
3-Cl
H H O (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
154-155/0.2
108
##STR38##
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.4 H.sub.9
163-165/0.2
109 HCCC(CH.sub.3).sub.2
3-Cl
H H O CH.sub.3 160-162/0.2
110 HCCC(CH.sub.3).sub.2
3-Cl
H H O C.sub.2 H.sub.
162-163/0.1
111 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3COCH.sub.2CH.sub.2
71-72
112 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.12
37-38
113 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.14
43-44
114 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3CHCH 52-53
115 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR39## 1.4845
116 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.10
1.4829
117 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O ClCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
142-144/0.4
118 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O Cl.sub.2 CH 162-163/0.7
119 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3 OCOCH.sub.2CH.sub.2
39-41
120 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR40## 136/0.4
121 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2).sub.8
1.4899
122 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.2CH 161/2.5
123 (CH.sub.3 ).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR41## 1.5331
124 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.16
35-37
125 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR42## 1.5414
126 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH
H H H O
##STR43## 99-100
__________________________________________________________________________
The active compounds according to the invention interfere with the physiologial phenomena of plant growth and can therefore be used as plant growth regulators.
The different effects of the active compounds essentially depend on the point in time at which they are used, relative to the stage of development of the seed or of the plant, and on the concentrations employed.
Plant-growth regulators are used for various purposes that are related to the state of development of the plant.
Thus, the seed dormancy can be broken by means of plantgrowth regulators in order to cause the seeds to germinate at a certain time that is desired, but at which the seed itself displays no readiness to germinate. Seed germination itself can be either inhibited or promoted by such active compounds depending on the concentration employed. This inhibition or promotion refers to the development of the seedling.
The bud dormancy of plants, that is to say the endogenic annual cycle, can be influenced by the active compounds, so that the plants, for example, shoot or blossom at a point in time at which they normally show no readiness to shoot or blossom.
It is also possible to delay the opening of buds, for example in order to prevent frost damage in areas subject to frost.
The shoot growth or root growth can be promoted or inhibited by the active compounds, depending on the concentration. Thus, it is possible, for example, very greatly to inhibit the growth of the fully formed plant or conversely to bring the plant altogether to a more robust habitus, or to bring about stunted growth.
The inhibition of growth at the edges of roads and paths is of economic interest. Furthermore, the frequency of cutting the grass (mowing) of lawns can be reduced. Equally, the growth of woodlands can be inhibited.
During the growth of the plant, the lateral branching can also be increased by chemically breaking the apical dominance. Interest in this exists, for example, in the propagation of plants by cuttings. Depending on the concentration, it is however also possible to inhibit the growth of side shoots, for example in order to prevent the formation of side shoots in tobacco plants after decapitation and thereby promote leaf growth.
Growth regulators can also be used to reduce the transpiration rate of plants in order to prevent damage through drying out.
In the case of influencing blossom formation, either a retardation of blossom formation or an acceleration of blossom formation can be achieved depending on the concentration and on the point in time at which the substance is used. Under certain circumstances it is also possible to increase the setting of blossoms, and these effects arise if the appropriate treatments are carried out at the time of normal blossom formation. Furthermore, the formation of predominantly female or predominantly male blossoms can be achieved.
Fruit setting can be promoted, so that more fruit or seedless fruit is formed (parthenocarpy). Under certain conditions, the premature fall of fruit can also be prevented, or the fall of fruit can, to a certain degree, be promoted in the sense of a chemical thinning-out. The promotion of the fall of fruit can, however, also be utilized by carrying out the treatment at harvest time, whereby harvesting is facilitated.
Increases in yield by means of growth regulators can be achieved both by promoting the setting of fruit and by the formation of larger fruit or by promotion of vegetative growth. Furthermore, it is possible to stimulate the synthesis or secretion of secondary vegetable constituents (for example the latex secretion of rubber trees).
Some of the active compounds according to the invention show herbicidal properties at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the active compounds according to the invention possess insecticidal, acaricidal and, in some cases, fungitoxic activity.
The active compounds according to the present invention can be converted into the usual formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granulates. These may be produced in known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is, liquid or solid or liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, that is, emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents. In the case of the use of water as an extender, organic solvents can, for example, also be used as auxiliary solvents (see Agricultural Chemicals, March 1960, pages 35 to 38).
As liquid diluents or carriers, there are preferably used aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylenes, toluene, benzene or alkyl naphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, or strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide or acetonitrile, as well as water.
By liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers are meant liquids which would be gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, for example aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, for example freon.
As solid diluents or carriers, there are preferably used ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, or ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina or silicates.
Preferred examples of emulsifying agents include non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene-fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene-fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylarylpolyglycol ethers, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates and aryl sulphonates; and preferred examples of dispersing agents include lignin, sulphite waste liquors and methyl cellulose.
The active compounds according to the invention can be present in the formulations as a mixture with other active substances.
The formulations, in general, contain from 0.1 to 95, preferably from 0.5 to 90, percent by weight of active compound.
The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or in the form of the application forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granules. They may be employed in any customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomising, sprinkling or dusting.
The amount of active substance employed can vary over a fairly wide range; it depends essentially on the nature of the desired effect. In general, however, the amounts used are from 0.1 to 25 kg/hectare, preferably from 0.5 to 20 kg/hectare.
The present invention also provides a plant-growth-regulating composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the present invention in admixture with a solid or liquefied gaseous diluent or carrier or in admixture with a liquid diluent or carrier containing a surface-active agent.
The present invention also provides a method of regulating the growth of plants which comprises applying to the plants or a plant habitat a compound of the present invention alone or in the form of a composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the present invention in admixture with a diluent or carrier.
The plant-growth-regulating activity of the compounds of the present invention is illustrated in and by the following test Examples.
Solvent: 10 parts by weight of methanol
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of polyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate.
In order to prepare a suitable preparation of the active compound, 1 part by weight of the active compound was mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and made up to the desired concentration with water.
Grass plants 3 to 4 cm high were sprayed with the active-compound preparations until dripping wet. After 14 days, the additional growth was measured and the inhibition of growth in percent of the additional growth of the control plants was calculated. The damage was classified on a scale from 0 to 5, with "0" denoting no damage and "5" denoting the death of the plants.
The active compounds, active-compound concentrations and results can be seen from Table A below:
TABLE A
__________________________________________________________________________
Inhibition of growth in grass (Festuca pratensis)
Concen-
tration
Inhibition/
Active compound (ppm) damage
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR44## 2000 1000 500
70%/3 55%/2 55%/1
(known)
##STR45## 2000 1000 500
--/5 --/5 30%/4
(known)
##STR46## 2000 1000 500
100%/1 100%/1 40%/1
(Compound 9)
##STR47## 1000 60%/1
(Compound 35)
##STR48## 1000 60%/0
(Compound 36)
##STR49## 1000 100%/2
(Compound 14)
##STR50## 1000 60%/0
(Compound 16)
##STR51## 1000 80%/1
(Compound 18)
##STR52## 500 90%/0
(Example 4, supra)
##STR53## 500 90%/1
(Compound 57)
##STR54## 500 90%/2
(Compound 58)
__________________________________________________________________________
Solvent: 10 parts by weight of methanol
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of polyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate.
In order to prepare a suitable preparation of the active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound was mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and made up to the desired concentration with water.
50 cress seeds were placed on a filter paper onto which the active-compound preparation had been dripped. Since the cress seeds adhere to moist filter paper the latter was placed vertically in a beaker of 250 ml capacity. The beaker was filled with 20 ml of active-compound preparation and was covered with a glass plate. After 4 days the seedlings were measured and the percentage inhibition of elongation growth was calculated, relative to the control (distilled water with the appropriate amounts of solvent and emulsifier).
The active compounds, active-compound concentrations and results are shown in Table B below:
TABLE B
______________________________________
Inhibition of growth in cress seedlings
Concen-
tration
Active compound (ppm) Inhibition
______________________________________
##STR55## 200 35%
(known)
##STR56## 200 40%
(known)
##STR57## 200 55%
(Compound 9)
##STR58## 200 70%
(Compound 14)
##STR59## 200 50%
(Compound 16)
##STR60## 200 70%
(Compound 18)
##STR61## 200 80%
(Example 4)
##STR62## 200 80%
(Compound 57)
##STR63## 200 80%
(Compound 58)
______________________________________
It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
Claims (13)
1. N-arylcarbamate of the formula: ##STR64## wherein R is alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms;
alkenyl of from three to six carbon atoms; alkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms; cycloalkyl of from five to eight carbon atoms; hydroxyalkyl of from two to four carbon atoms; hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms; alkoxyalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety and two to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; chloro alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms; chloroalkenyl or chloroalkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms; or aralkyl of from one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl moiety wherein the aryl moiety may carry at least one of fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms, chloroalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms, alkoxy of from up to 4 carbon atoms and nitro;
R1, R2 and R3 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of from five to seven carbon atoms, alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms, chloroalkyl of from one or two carbon atoms and two to five chlorine atoms;
R4 is the grouping ##STR65## wherein R4' is hydrogen, alkyl of from one to 17 carbon atoms; alkenyl of from three to 10 carbon atoms; alkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms; chloroalkyl of from one to six carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms; chloroalkenyl of from three to six carbon atoms and one to four chlorine atoms; chloroalkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms and one to four chlorine atoms; or alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl methylcarbonylalkyl, methoxycarbonylalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms per alkyl moiety; cycloalkyl of from three to eight carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl of from five to six carbon atoms; aryl, aralkyl, or aroxyalkyl of from six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl moiety and one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, wherein said aryl moiety may carry at least one of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, alkyl or alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms and chloroalkyl of from one or two carbon atoms and one to five chlorine atoms, and wherein the alkyl moiety of said aralkyl may be substituted with chlorine and
Y and Y' are oxygen.
2. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is alkyl of about four carbon atoms.
3. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is alkenyl or alkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms.
4. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is cycloalkyl of from five to eight ring carbon atoms.
5. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is hydroxyalkyl of from two to four carbon atoms, hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl of from three up to six carbon atoms.
6. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is alkoxyalkyl of up to four carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety.
7. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is chloroalhyl chloroalkenyl and chloroalkynyl of up to six carbon atoms and from one to three halogen atoms.
8. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is aralkyl of from one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl moiety, wherein the aryl moiety may be substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms, haloalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms, alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms and nitro.
9. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to seven carbon atoms, straightchain or branched alkoxy with one to four carbon atoms or chloroalkyl with one or two carbon atoms and two to five chlorine atoms. .[.10. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate..]. .[.11. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-ethoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate..]. .[.12. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-isopropoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate..]. .[.13. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-n-butoxymethyl-N-phenyl
carbamate..]. .[.14. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate..]. .[.15. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Isopropyl-N-ethoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate..]. .[.16. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated
Isopropyl-N-n-propoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate..]. 17. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Isopropyl-chloroacetoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate.
Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated
Isopropyl-N-acetoxymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate. 19. Compound as claimed in claim 1, designated isopropyl-N-n-propanoyl-oxymethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2131028 | 1971-06-23 | ||
| DE2131028A DE2131028B2 (en) | 1971-06-23 | 1971-06-23 | N-Aryl carbamic acid esters, process for their preparation and their use as plant growth regulators |
| DE2214057 | 1972-03-23 | ||
| DE19722214057 DE2214057A1 (en) | 1972-03-23 | 1972-03-23 | Substd n-aryl n-methyl carbamic acid esters - plant growth regulators |
| US265909A US3920727A (en) | 1971-06-23 | 1972-06-23 | Novel n-arylcarbamic acid esters |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US265909A Reissue US3920727A (en) | 1971-06-23 | 1972-06-23 | Novel n-arylcarbamic acid esters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE30578E true USRE30578E (en) | 1981-04-14 |
Family
ID=27183514
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/632,742 Expired - Lifetime US4093447A (en) | 1971-06-23 | 1975-11-17 | N-Arylcarbamic acid esters and plant growth regulant compositions and methods |
| US05/853,971 Expired - Lifetime USRE30578E (en) | 1971-06-23 | 1977-11-22 | N-arylcarbamic acid esters |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/632,742 Expired - Lifetime US4093447A (en) | 1971-06-23 | 1975-11-17 | N-Arylcarbamic acid esters and plant growth regulant compositions and methods |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4093447A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4452630A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1984-06-05 | Montedison S.P.A. | Stable, heat-resistant solutions of pesticidal carbamates |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4093447A (en) * | 1971-06-23 | 1978-06-06 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | N-Arylcarbamic acid esters and plant growth regulant compositions and methods |
| US4210439A (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1980-07-01 | Monsanto Company | N-Substituted oxobenzothiazolines and their use as plant growth regulators |
| DE2913976A1 (en) * | 1979-04-05 | 1980-10-23 | Schering Ag | SUBSTITUTED CARBANILIC ACID ESTERS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THESE COMPOUNDS, AND SELECTIVE HERBICIDES CONTAINING THEM |
| US4261732A (en) * | 1979-09-17 | 1981-04-14 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Alkyl and alkoxyalkyl N-3-alkyl and N-3,5-dialkylbenzoyl-N-isopropylaminoacetate herbicides |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3547977A (en) * | 1967-10-27 | 1970-12-15 | Velsicol Chemical Corp | Novel carbanilates |
| US3869490A (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1975-03-04 | Bayer Ag | Esters of N-substituted alkoxy methylene carbamilic acid |
| US4093447A (en) * | 1971-06-23 | 1978-06-06 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | N-Arylcarbamic acid esters and plant growth regulant compositions and methods |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2863488A (en) * | 1955-05-12 | 1958-12-09 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Polymers from carbamates of aryl-substituted butenyl alcohols and corresponding thiono carbamates |
| US2954396A (en) * | 1958-05-16 | 1960-09-27 | Pure Oil Co | Stabilization of carbamate esters |
| DE1213395B (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1966-03-31 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of N- (gamma-oxoalkyl) -carbamic acid esters |
| DE1235943B (en) * | 1964-05-29 | 1967-03-09 | Basf Ag | Process for the production of alkali-soluble condensation products |
-
1975
- 1975-11-17 US US05/632,742 patent/US4093447A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-11-22 US US05/853,971 patent/USRE30578E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3547977A (en) * | 1967-10-27 | 1970-12-15 | Velsicol Chemical Corp | Novel carbanilates |
| US4093447A (en) * | 1971-06-23 | 1978-06-06 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | N-Arylcarbamic acid esters and plant growth regulant compositions and methods |
| US3869490A (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1975-03-04 | Bayer Ag | Esters of N-substituted alkoxy methylene carbamilic acid |
| DE2134173C3 (en) | 1971-07-09 | 1979-02-15 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | N-Arylcarbamic acid thiol ester, process for their preparation and their use as herbicides |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4452630A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1984-06-05 | Montedison S.P.A. | Stable, heat-resistant solutions of pesticidal carbamates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4093447A (en) | 1978-06-06 |
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