USRE293E - Improvement in spark-arresters - Google Patents

Description

kind has conslsted usually of some UNITED STATES PATENT g OFFICE. f

JAMEs RADLEY AND JOHN W.

HUNTER, 0F. NEV YORK, N. Y.

' IMPROVEMENT IN SPARK-ARRESTERS:y

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 7,040, dated January 22, 185,0; Reissue No. 293

January 16, 1855.

T0 all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that we, JAMEs RADLEY and JOHN W. HUNTER, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement inA Spark-Arresters; and We do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings,- making a part of this specification, in which- FigureI is a perspective view of` the inte-- rior. Fig. II is a vertical section. Fig. III is a transverse section, and like letters refer to like parts in all the figures.

Our invention consists in an improved construction of chimneys or smoke-pipes; and the design of our improvement is to prevent .the discharge of anything from the pipes,

fines, Ste., save only smoke and gases, thereby retaining all other matters which may be disengagedfrom the tire-as, for instance, live coals, sparks, cinders, ashes, and dirt-as ac- -cording to the nature of the fuel consumed,

and the intensity'of the draft, all 'these substances are more or less freely thro-wn off and discharged into the air. Under many circumstances the fire, dirt," &c., ldischarged from pipes and ilues in this way amounts to a quantity exceedingly Ldangerous to property and structures in the vicinity, and therefore many attempts have been made to obviate the evil. 4

y The greatest annoyances from the above causes, however, are felt in railway and steamboat travel, and' our invention has in view for its principle field of operation these two subjects. i

As many attempts have already been made to remedy the evils arising from the escape of sparks, Src., from locomotives'and steamboat furnaces, we deem it proper, in order that the distinctive features of our lnventiou may be more clearly seen, to mention briefly the gen-v eral principle of such structures. Theirst arrangement of screens or' caps made of wire-gauze or plates of iron perforated with vnumerous holes.

Against these screens the products of conny bustion are made to impinge before escaping into the air. .The meshes of the screen thus act as a bar to the passage of grosserparinto the air.

-flue or pipe.

ticles of dirt, casting them back into the furnace or other receptacles variously contrived, while the clear gases are allowed to escape .All structures based upon such screens, however arranged vand contrived,

have failed to operate so as wholly to arrest 'the objectionable matter flowing from the lire, or even to a degree at all satisfactory,

as the intensity of the draft is usually such as to force a large amount through with the smoke, &c. the blast through reservoirs of water, Vand thus destroy the living sparks, and catch the dirt, Snc. This plan-:has also failed from many causes,among which may be mentioned 7 the diculties of maintaining the requisite draft both;j yin this latter and this former method.

Our invention differs from all these plans, and especiallyin that there is' nothing whatever in the way of the discharge.7 of the gases and smoke byfree and unobstructed passages, while we at the same time separate therefrom and retain all sparks and other substances mixed therewith in the interim between leav 'ing the fire and lfinal discharge place of the Thus no screen-work either of wire-gauze or similar material is at alll used by us. 4 f

In Figs. l and 2 are sections of our pipe, showing their interior arrangementv for conveying ott' the smoke and gases, and the meth- ,in their od of separating the sparks, dirt, &c. passage toward the discharge.

Our invention" is composed of two parts, generally." The rst part consists of an outer casing or shell, which forms also a receptacle for the arrested matter, and an interior ar- V rangement of parts combined with said shell, which consists of the'stack or principal flue and its attachments.

`At the letter a is represented ,the stack or principal llue. In this all the'products of combustion-viz.,"gases, smoke, sparks, cin- (l ders, Sta-are received and ascend inthe direction indicated. At the top of this lluean appendage'i's aiixed, which is to c'ause a d1- vergence of the' ascending mass of smoke,-

sparks, Snc., into several currents, and-is the place Where our invention beginsv to voperate dated Another mode has been to force thus leaving like .numbers of channels or spaces between, as seen in Fig. 3, (marked 1, 2, 3, 8:0.) Into one of the sides of c a numy ber of openings are-made, as seen at'd,vand

over all these openiugs,eXcept the topmost one, an an guiar-shaped cap, e, is put,as shown.

Around the baserof the. funnel b openings are made in such positions as will form communications from the chambers c to the space made by the outside'shell, f, and the .interior stack, c b c, Src., one o'f which openings is seen at i. That side of the chamber c in which theopenings (Z are made is curved in such a manner that the spaces or channels l, 2, 3, Src., between are spiral, and thus the currents of smoke, gas, Src., as they pass through are made to impinge against that side containing the openings d, as the sparks and dirt are more ponderable than the gases with which they are intermixed, and are consequently dashed against the side of c, and sliding over the surface of which as they come opposite the openings d are urged within the chamber both by their own momentum and by the pressure of the current. The use of the angular caps e now becomes apparent, which is tocheck the upward motion which the sparks and dirt would still have and turn them downward, as but for this, those entering in at the lower holes would pass on and out again at the top ones. The sparks and dirt thus caught are discharged by the hole i into the space f. Finally,'to complete this part, an interior cap, consisting of a funnel or cone, g, of lesser dimensions than b, is fitted. Thus this part may be said to consist of two i'unnels of different diameters placed within each other, and the space 'between divided in compartments, as described at c c, Src., and l 2 3, Src.

t Having described the construction and operation of Vour invention to the end of the first part, so far as the separation and arresting of the grosser parts of the dirt and sparks, We now proceed todescribe another feature in theconstrnction, whereby all the remaining finer particles of dirt and sparks to be retained are caught; for, in consequence of the great velocity of the current through the channels l 2 3, Src., it is not probable that all Athe sparks are taken outl of the smoke. To insure this, we next put upon the top off and b an inclined cap or covering, as seen at la kZ Z, the outer one, Z, being attached to the sheilj', and the inner one, k,

to the funnel b. The top of the cover forms a large circular opening, and is the linal discharge-place for the smoke, Src. v The inner and outer covers are so placed as to leave a space between them, which space is divided vby a series of partitions (seen at m m) extending from the top down to the base, or where the cover joins b f. The inner cover is next pierced with a series of oblong openings, o, so as to communicate with each of the sections formed by the partitions m. The next feature is the introduction of a peculiar piece for regulating the intensity of the draft. This consists of a short pipe, p, suspended in the aperture at the top formed by the conical cap Z. This is so arranged as to be raised or lowered at pleasure; or, where the draft is required to be constant, after finding the proper place it may -be permanently fixed. The lower 'edge ot' this pipe drops down into the interior, so as to be suspended a short distance `above the top of the funnels g b. The intensity of the draft is regulated by raising or lowering this pipe, being increased by raising and decreased by the contrary action, as the space between the lower edgeV of the pipe and the top of the funnels is enlarged or diminished; also, the angle required in the currents to esca-pe is increased and diminished by the same operation.

The operation of this part of o ur invention is in this wise: The .channels formed between the dirt-chambers c being spiral gives to the smoke, sparks, and dirt, as they pass through, a rapid gyratory motion, and these ascend, whirling rapidly around the interior surface of the cap k 7c. Here; as in the case before described, the sparks, dirt, Src., which have not been arrested by the dirt-chambers c are caught at the several openings o and pressed into the spaces formed by the divisions 'm in the cap, as before described. Here they are removed from the influence of the external current, and fall by their own gravity into the receptacle formed by the space between f and a. Meantime the smoke and gases aseend to the highest point of the cap, and there come in contact with the pipe p, down which they descend in a spiral current, until they reach the lower edge ormouth, through which they escape into the air, as shown -by the direction of the arrows.A At the lower edge of the pipe p there is a ange, p, which serves still further to catch any sparks or dirt which may yet have escaped all the apertures in the cover. v

What we claim as of our own invention, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, `isl. The arranging'of a series of chambersand channels between two conically-shaped plates, the channels being so formed as to cause the products oi' combustion to impinge against that side of each of the dirt-chambers which has the openings and caps, Iand there by force the sparks, dirt, Src., into them in the manner described herein.

2. The piece p, suspended inthe central the purpose substantially ashereinbefore'deaperture at the top of the spark-arrester, arscribed.'

ranged end operating in the manner and for J MES RADLEY the purpose substantially as herei'nbefore def scribed JOHN W. HUNTER.

3. The double cover or top for the forma- Witnesses: v tion of a second series of dirt-passages, ar- J. E. SHAW;

ranged and operating in the manner and for CHARLES D. FREEMAN.

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