USRE28326E - Arc welding electrode and process for stainless steel - Google Patents

Arc welding electrode and process for stainless steel Download PDF

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USRE28326E
USRE28326E US47141674A USRE28326E US RE28326 E USRE28326 E US RE28326E US 47141674 A US47141674 A US 47141674A US RE28326 E USRE28326 E US RE28326E
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fluoride
filler
electrode
slag
steel
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Assigned to WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. reassignment WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STOODY DELORO STELLITE, INC.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/368—Selection of non-metallic compositions of core materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B23K35/406—Filled tubular wire or rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3603—Halide salts
    • B23K35/3605—Fluorides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3608—Titania or titanates

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE There is disclosed an arc welding process for stainss steel and a flux-cored electrode particularly useful therein which is formulated of components having relatively low moisture absorptivity.
  • the field of art to which the invention pertains includes the field of arc welding electrodes.
  • Flux-cored electrodes have beenutilized in the arc welding of steel for continuous or automatic feeding of the electrode to the work piece.
  • Generally mild steel or low carbon steel (both more accurately termed plain steel) in tubular form is filled with a mixture of fiuxing and slag forming agents and deoxiders to protect the weld against oxidation.
  • Such "bare" electrodes permit direct electrical contact and, as the electrode is melted by the arc, the mixture of materials constituting the core function much in the same manner as if they were coated on the electrode or separately deposited.
  • protective gases are invariably utilized to obtain a clean weld.
  • Such gases as helium and argon are commonly utilized and bulky and expensive gas metering equipment is required; yet, arc welding with such electrodes in the absence of a protective gas cover results in pitted and rough welds, embrittled by entrapped oxides.
  • the present invention provides other agents which, alone or in conjunction with the aforesaid calcium fluoride, operate to limit the effects of small amounts of moisture.
  • I provide a process comprising providing an arc welding flux-cored electrode which is capable of forming a stainless steel weld of desired composition, electrically energizing the electrode, mechanically feeding the electrode toward the work piece while maintaining an are between the end of the electrode and work piece, and providing moisture limiting means whereby the electrode is applied to the work piece with a moisture content of less than 1.0 percent based on the weight of the filler.
  • the moisture limiting means relates to the composition of the electrode fiux and to certain ratios of components of the electrode.
  • a suitable electrode comprises a hollow tube of steel having as filler on the inside thereof (1) one or more alloying metals in amount sufficient to form a stainless steel weld of desired composition and (2) slag-forming material including a slag-forming first component and a derivative of a metal having an oxide form when molten difierent from the first component and soluble in the slag.
  • the steel tube has a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of the filler to the steel tube being 02/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of the slag-forming material to the alloying material being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1.
  • a fluoride or the fusion or decomposition derivative thereof is included in the filler in at least an amount, corresponding to the level of moisture content of the filler, as will yield a non-porous weld, the fluoride comprising 5-100 percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • the remaining fluoride if any, can be any fluoride compound such as calcium fluoride.
  • the moisture content is defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing.
  • the fluoride reacts with water vapor which may be present to form compounds which are not harmful to the weld.
  • the fluoride compound increases the basicity of the slag which reduces hydrogen absorption by the weld metal.
  • the components of the slag-forming material of the filler are chosen so that this material, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, has a relatively low equilibrium moisture content, defined hereinafter as less than 2 weight percent at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity.
  • this material, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof has a relatively low equilibrium moisture content, defined hereinafter as less than 2 weight percent at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity.
  • it may be fused and formed into vitreous particles prior to incorporation into the steel tube.
  • the aforementioned derivative of metal has a basic or amphoteric oxide form when molten, different from the first slag-forming component, whereby the combination of the molten oxide form of the metal derivative and the molten form of the first component is basic or amphoteric.
  • a second de rivative of metal having a basic or amphoteric form which is similar in solubility properties to the first derivative of metal mentioned above.
  • FIG. 1 A fiat strip of metal or tape is first prepared, comprising a metal which may be cold formed and which is a desirable component of the finished wire electrode.
  • the strip 10 (FIG. 1a) may comprise mild steel tape /32 inch wide and 0.0095 inch thick.
  • the initial step in forming the electrode involves developing the strip 10, as indicated by the arrows 11, into an elongate trough 12 (FIG. lb) utilizing any of a variety of known techniques.
  • a quantity of filler 14 of this invention is dispensed into the length of the trough 12 by a continuous-feed process.
  • the trough 12 is comprcssibly closed as indicated by the arrows 16 (FIGS. 1b and 1c) until the original strip 10 comprises a closed cylindrical tube 13 (FIG. 1d).
  • the metal-working formation of the strip 10 into a closed tube 18 with the filler l-l therein may be performed in production, for example. as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,629,748 and 1,640,859, issued to W. F. Stoody.
  • the ingredients should be reduced to particles which would pass a mesh screen.
  • the ingredients in formulas ing electrode wire of very small diameter, e.g., ,4 inch, it would be preferred to reduce the particles so that they would pass a mesh screen, more preferable a 200 mesh screen, and the number of particles which would then pass a 325 mesh screen should be reduced to 25 percent of the total weight of the filler 14.
  • the resultant mixture can then be compacted, baked and then crushed to 20 mesh for tube loading.
  • electrode wire having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches may be accomplished economically in a continuous production operation and containing a weight ratio of filler to tube of 0.2/1 to 1.5/1.
  • a weight ratio of filler to tube of 0.2/1 to 1.5/1.
  • an electrode which is particularly suitable for the welding of stainless steel is thereby produced.
  • the electrode filler 14 should include slag-forming material including a slag-forming first component and a derivative of a metal having an oxide form when molten, different from the first component and soluble in the slag.
  • one or more alloying metals are provided in amount sufficient to form a stainless steel weld of the desired composition.
  • the alloying metals their nature depends, as indicated, on the composition of the sheet metal 10 utilized to form the electrode and the desired weld composition. If the sheet metal 10 is formed of stainless steel of desired weld composition, then no alloying com ponents need be present. However, it is economical to use plain steel for the sheet metal 10 and incorporate alloying metals in the filler 14.
  • plain steel is generically descriptive of a variety of steels ranging from low-carbon or mild-steel (typically 0.005 to 0.15 percent carbon content) to high-carbon steel (up to 1.0 percent carbon content) and any of such steels can be utilized as the steel strip 10.
  • the compositions of this invention are formulated to obtain a stainless steel weld; accordingly. with plain steel sheet metal 10, the alloying metals should. include at least 10 weight percent chromium. Other alloying metals include aluminum, molybdenum, nickel. titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, manganrg colum;
  • bium silicon, ferro alloys such as ferrochromium, ferrosilicon, ferrocolumbium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, and the like, or any other alloying element or combination thereof added to impart a desired alloying effect to the stainless steel.
  • titanium dioxide e.g., in the form of rutile, or other natural form
  • alumina e.g. in the form of silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, and the like
  • manganese dioxide mixtures of metal oxides, such as asbestos, and the like.
  • Titanium dioxide is a particularly effective slag-former.
  • Other slag-formers are known such as potassium titanate and may be utilized in the broadest sense of this invention where steps are taken to provide means for limiting the level of moisture in the electrode.
  • consideration relating to moisture absorption or adsorption may eliminate potassium titanate as a candidate.
  • Sufficient total slagformer should be present to adequately cover the weld
  • such material is chosen as has a basic or amphoteric oxide form when molten, which molten oxide form is soluble in the slag obtained during welding.
  • One or more such derivatives may be utilized. Since the molten oxide forms of these derivatives are soluble in o the slag, they should be chosen so as to not increase the density of the slag beyond that of the weld metal and also should be such, and be present in such amounts, as to impart to the combination of slag forming metal oxide and other slag-soluble components, at the temperature of weld formation, a freezing temperature no higher than the freezing temperature of the weld.
  • viscosity and surface tension of the slag are also of prime importance (it is generally desired to have a slag of high viscosity and low surface tension). Accordingly, these factors should be balanced when blending the filler, and a combination of derivatives should be utilized which impart such characteristics or which allow such characteristics to be imparted by the addition of other agents.
  • the derivatives are preferably such as to yield basic or amphoteric oxides when molten, in contrast to the commonly used acidic oxide ingredients of the prior art, and are such that their molten combination with the slag forming metal oxide and fluxing agent results in a basic or amphoteric slag.
  • the terms "acidic,” “basic” and amphoteric” are well known to those in welding art; the classification can be made by noting any tendency on the part of the material to react with a strongly basic material like lime (in which case it would be acidic), or a decidedly acidic material like silica (in which case it would be basic or alkaline). or both in the case of amphoteric oxides.
  • non-metals form acidic oxides and the metals form basic oxides (but particular members of Group IV and higher of the periodic table will often have basic, intermediate and acidic oxides, acid character generally increasing with the oxygen/metal ratio). It may also be advantageous to utilize a metal that is less "noble" than iron, i.e., that are more electro-positive than iron, to avoid any tendency of the derivative to oxidize iron.
  • materials useful as derivatives can be chosen from such compounds as zinc oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide. calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, cobalt (III) oxide, calcium oxalate. strontium oxide, titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide, potassium oxalate, lithium carbonate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium dioxide, gallium scsquioxide, and the like.
  • Some of the foregoing derivatives were described above as slag-formers. in this regard the derivative chosen should be such as to be different from any slag-former utilized in the composition. Particularly effective results have been achieved with manganese dioxide as the sole derivative or in combination with zirconium dioxide or calcium carbonate.
  • the amount of derivative suitably added is governed by factors already considered above, but generally from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent, based on the electrode of each such material can be added.
  • the deoxidizer may also be added as part of the filler a deoxidizer and a fluxing agent.
  • a deoxidizer this is added to dispose of oxygen or oxygen-bearing compounds in the molten weld, or to remain in the metal as a safeguard in the event that oxygen should enter.
  • the deoxidizer is a metal having a greater atfinity for oxygen than does iron so as to preferentially oxidize to thereby reduce iron oxide to iron. More than one deoxidizing metal may be present.
  • the term "deoxidizers" as utilized herein includes also metals otherwise termed killing agents.
  • metals as chromium, tantalum, niobium, gallium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, lanthanum, manganese, vanadium, zirconium, berrylium, titanium, boron, barium, magnesium, strontium, lithium, actinium, and the like or alloys thereof such as ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, and the like.
  • Silicon as such, or as a ferrosilicon is commonly utilized as a deoxidizcr but the art has generally limited its inclusion to less than about 1 weight percent.
  • particularly effective results are obtained utilizing ef fective (with regard to alloys such as ferrosilicon) amounts of silicon in excess of 1 percent, a particularly useful range being from about l.l to about 2 weight percent silicon. Lower amounts will still produce a very satisfactory result, albeit not as dramatic as the results obtained when the amount utilized is in the higher range.
  • the amount of deoxidizer in general, from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent of the electrode is generally satisfactory.
  • the high alloy content of stainless stcel wires utilized in this invention can allow One to omit the use of elements, such as silicon, for de-oxidization purposes, since the high amount of chromium in stainless steel effects deoxidization.
  • fluxing agent such materials are utilized to dissolve oxides formed during welding and it is in this function that the term flux" is utilized here.
  • the term flux has been utilized by the prior art to also indicate the function of mixing or co-rningling with an oxide to form a slag of more favorable melting point and viscosity; however, it is difficult in this respect to make a sharp distinction between shielding slugs and fluxes, and for this reason the first-above meaning will be utilized.
  • a wide variety of fluxing agents are known to the art, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide (e.g., a calcined limestone), calcium fluoride (e.g.. as fluorspar) and sodium oxide (e.g., as such, or as derived in situ from sodium carbonate or sodium silicate), and the like.
  • the materials are added in the form mentioned, but during processing may well be converted to another form in view of the conditions of processing. Also, it is advantageous to utilize only those components which at least in their finally processed form absorb or adsorb relatively low levels of moisture. Most of the slag-forming components of the filler are hygroscopic to some extent. but I have found that the level of moisture picked up by some components is quite a bit less than the level picked up by other components and that under certain test criteria. the di tinction between suitable and non-suitable components can be demarcated.
  • each component chosen for the slag-forming material have an equilbrium moisture content under the aforementioned conditions of less than 2.0 weight percent, but satisfactory results are obtained if the resultant fully processed composition has that moisture level.
  • the following example illustrates a method whereby the equilibrium moisture content for a variety of materials can be determined.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Approximately 7 grams of each of the materials listed were transferred as samples into pro-weighted aluminum dishes. The aluminum dishes were placed in an oven operating at 600 F. (or 1,800" F., as indicated) to drive off moisture content, and were removed, cooled and weighed at hourly intervals until a constant weight was reached (approximately 5 hours were needed). The aluminum dishes were then placed in a humidity chamber at 70 F. under 90 percent relative humidity and then weighed at 24 hour intervals until a maximum was reached or until 216 hours (which, experience has indicated, will indicate whether a material is suitable under the criteria set forth above). The moisture pickup of the sample was then calculated from the weight gain. The following results were obtained for a variety of materials.
  • Potassium tltanote Potassium orlate Bentonite Sodium carbonate Sodium silicate Potassium carbonate Potassium fluoride I Deliquesced. Initial heating at 1.800 F.
  • Those materials having less than 2 weight percent moisture pick-up under the above conditions are thus readily determined and are particularly suitable as filler components.
  • other suitable materials include lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, sodium silicofluoride, potassium oxide, calcium oxide and sodium oxide. These components found to pick-up more than about 2 percent moisture should only be used if they are converted during processing of the electrode filler to a material having low moisture pick-up.
  • the carbonates of potassium, sodium and calcium can be used by incorporating one or more of these materials into the tiller at such an early stage of processing that they are converted to the respective oxides which are not sufficiently hydroscopic to pick-up excessive amounts of water.
  • the carbonate or oxalate should not be added at a stage of processing in which it would he in a hydroscopic form, unless such small amounts are used that the total slag-forming material has an equilibrium moisture content, under the indicated conditions, of less than 2.0 weight percent.
  • a level of fluoride which serves a gettering function.
  • the fluoride includes 5-100 percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, or combinations thereof.
  • the remaining fluoride, if any, can be any fluoride compound such as calcium fluoride.
  • the raw slag and flux materials are formulated to achieve a desired theoretical melted composition after which the mixture is smelted in a continuous furnace.
  • a batch has achieved the desired molten state, it is water quenched, which operation yields a course granulated frit.
  • the frit is then dried, ground and screened to the desired sizing as hereinbefore set forth.
  • the alloying metals are then added and the mixture is formed into electrode wire in a manner previously described with respect to FIG. 1.
  • EXAMPLE 2 An arc welding electrode can be formed as hereinbefore described with respect to FIG. I, utilizing the following components, in percent by weight.
  • Barium fluoride 1.0 Zirconium dinxidc.. 0.5 Mild st el strip 59.5
  • the ingredients are reduced, compacted and crushed as above. Subsequently, the ingredients are used as the filler material in conjunction with the mild steel strip which is cold formed into a containing tube. The structure is then compressibly reduced to 1/16 inch diameter by rolling forces.
  • the above electrode can be used in welding appliczu tions involving an inert gas (argon) treatment and in welding applications conducted in air, i.e., without the use of an inert gas cover. In both cases, satisfactory welds can be obtained.
  • argon inert gas
  • EXAMPLE 3 Are welding electrodes having 1/16 inch and 3/32 inch diameters can be prepared as in Example 2, but utilizing the following components in percent by weight.
  • the mixture can be compacted, baked and crushed prior to tube loading.
  • the formulated electrode wire can be used in welding applications conducted in argon and in air. In each case, satisfactory welds can be obtained.
  • frits can be prepared as hereinbefore described by the fusion and formation of the slag mix into vitreous particles.
  • the raw batches formulated to obtain the frits can be as follows:
  • said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufiicient to form a stainless weld of desired composition, said slagformt'ng material being fused into vitreous particles prior to incorporation into said steel tube; said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slagforming material to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1,
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, has an equilibrium moisture content at F. and percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent;
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corrcsponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5-100 weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofiuoride, and combinations thereof.
  • said filler includes an additional derivative of a metal, different from said first mentioned derivative of metal, having a basic or amphotcric oxide form when molten whereby to impart to said slag-forming material, at the temperature of weld formation, a freezing temperature no higher than the freezing temperature of said weld, and whereby the molten form of said slag-forming material is basic or amphoteric.
  • An arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufficient to form a stainless steel weld of desired composition, said tube having as filler:
  • slag-forming material including a slag-forming first component and, as a second component, a derivative of metal having an oxide form when molten different from said first component and soluble in said slag, said sing-forming material being fused into vitreous particles:
  • said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches
  • the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1;
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof has an equilibrium moisture content at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 wei ht percent;
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposilion derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5-100 weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • the invention according to claim 10 including an additional derivative of a metal, diflerent from said first mentioned derivative of metal, having a basic or amphoteric oxide form when molten whereby to impart to said slag-forming material, at the temperature of weld formation, a freezing temperature no higher than the freezing temperature of said weld, and whereby the molten form of said slag-forming material is basic or amphoteric.
  • the invention according to claim 14 including calcium carbonate as an additional metal derivative.
  • a process for forming a stainless steel weld on a workpiece comprising:
  • an arc welding electrode comprising a hollow feldspar, wollastonite, manganese dioxide and asbestos and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufiicient to form a stainless weld of desired composition, said alloying metals including chromium in an amount comprising at least 10 weight percent of said electrode.
  • said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches
  • the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.571 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming material to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, has an equilibrium moisture content at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent,-
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5-100 weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • a process for forming a stainless steel weld on a workpiece comprising:
  • an arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel having as filler from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent of slag-forming material including including (a) a slag-forming first component selected from the group consisting essentially of alumina, silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, manganese dioxide and asbestos and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufiicient to form a stainless weld of desired composition, said alloying metals including chromium in an amount comprising at least 10 weight percent of said electrode and an efiective amount of nickel;
  • said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube'being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slagformiug material to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1,
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, has an equilibrium moisture content at F. and percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent:
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5- J00 weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride. aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicoflnoride, and combinations thereof.
  • a process for forming a stainless steel weld on a workpiece comprising:
  • an arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel having as filler about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent of slag-forming material including (a) a slug-forming first component selected from the group consisting essentially of alumina, silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, manganese dioxide and asbesms and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount suflicient to form a stainless weld of desired composition, suid alloying metals including chromium in an amount comprising at least 10 weight percent of said electrode and effective amount: of nickel and manganese.
  • said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches
  • the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slag-form ing material to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1;
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, has an equilibrium moisture content at 70' F. and 90 percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent;
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5- 100 weight percent of sodium fluoride,
  • said filler including at least 0.5 weight percent, based on said electrode, of a ferrosilicon.
  • a process for forming a stainless steel weld on a workpiece comprising:
  • an arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel having as filler from about 0.5 to about weight percent of slag-forming material including (a) a slag-forming first component selected from the group consisting essentially of alumina, silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, rnanaganese dioxide and asbestos and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufficient to form a stainless weld of desired composition, said alloying metals including chromium in an amount comprising at least 10 weight percent of said electrode and effective amounts of nickel and managanese;
  • said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 02/] to 1.5 and the weight ratio of said slagforming material to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1;
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof. has an equilibrium moisture content at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent,-
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5- 100 weight percent of a fluoride combination comprising aluminum fluoride,
  • said filler including at least 0.5 weight percent, based on said electrode, of a ferrosilicon.
  • a process for forming a stainless steel weld on a workpiece comprising:
  • an arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel having as filler slag-forming material including at least 0.5 weight percent titanium dioxide and at least 0.1 weight percent managanese dioxide, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amounts sufficient to form a stainless weld of desired composition;
  • said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches.
  • the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 02/] to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming material to said alloying metals being 015/! to 0.65/1,
  • a process for forming a stainless steel weld on a workpiece comprising.
  • an arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel having as filler slag-forming material including at least 0.5 weight percent titanium dioxide and at least 0.1 weight percent zirconium dioxide, said electrode being fortnulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufiicient to form a stainless weld of desired composition; said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/] to 1.5 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming material to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1,
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5-100 weight percent of a compound selected front lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • An arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amounts sufl'icicnt to form a stainless steel weld of desired composition, said alloying metals including chromium in an amount comprising at least 10 weight percent of said electrode, said tube having as filler: slag-forming material including (a) a slag-forming first component selected from the group consisting essen tially of alumina, silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, manganese dioxide and asbestos and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component, sa d steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1;
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof has an equilibrium moisture content at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity of less titan 2.0 weight percent;
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, t'n at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5-100 weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • said slag-forming material is fused into vitreous particles.
  • An arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufiicient to form a stainless steel weld of desired composition, said alloying metals including chromium in an amount comprising at least 10 weight percent of said electrode and an efiective amount of nickel, said tube having as filler:
  • slag-forming material including (a) a slag-forming first component selected from the group consisting essentially of alumina, silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, manganese dioxide and asbestos and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component; said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30,
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof has an equilibrium moisture content at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent;
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5-100 weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoridc, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • the invention according to claim 33 including an efiective amount of manganese as an alloying metal.
  • An arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufiicient to form a stainless steel weld of desired composition, said alloying metals including chromium in an amount comprising at least 10 weight percent of said electrode and eflective amounts of nickel and manganese, said tube having as filler:
  • slag-forming material including a slag-forming first component selected from the group consisting essentially of alumina, silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, manganese dioxide and asbestos and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component; said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65 1 the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof has an equilibrium moisture content at 70 F.
  • a slag-forming first component selected from the group consisting essentially of alumina, silica flour, feldspar, wollastonite, manganese dioxide and asbestos and (b) titanium dioxide as a second component
  • said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line 11-8 of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5-100 weight percent of a fluoride combination comprising aluminum fluoride;
  • said filler including at least 0.5 weight percent, based on said electrode, of a ferrosilicon.
  • An arc welding electrode compriing a hollow tube of steel, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufficient to form a stuinless steel weld of desired composition, said tube having as filler.”
  • slag-forming material including at least 0.5 weight percent titanium dioxide and at least 0.1 weight percent manganese dioxide; said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/ 1;
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof has an equilibrium moisture content at F. and percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent,
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line A-B of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5- weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • An arc welding electrode comprising a hollow tube of steel, said electrode being formulated with one or more alloying metals in amount sufficient to form a stainless steel weld of desired composition, said tube having as filler;
  • slag-forming material including at least 0.5 weight pcrcent titanium dioxide and at least 0.1 weight percent zirconium dioxide, said steel tube having a diameter of 0.045 to 0.30 inches, the weight ratio of said filler to said steel tube being 0.2/1 to 1.5/1 and the weight ratio of said slag-forming to said alloying metals being 0.15/1 to 0.65/1,-
  • the components of said filler being chosen so that said filler, or fusion or decomposition derivative thereof has an equilibrium moisture content at 70 F. and 90 percent relative humidity of less than 2.0 weight percent,
  • said filler including a fluoride, or a fusion or decomposition derivative thereof, in at least an amount corresponding to the level of moisture content of said filler as defined by the line 14-8 of FIG. 2 in the accompanying drawing, said fluoride comprising 5- 100 weight percent of a compound selected from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and combinations thereof.
  • a tubular composite self-shielded arc welding electrode comprising a metallic outer sheath and a core within and enclosed by the sheath, the electrode containing chromium and nickel in sum in an amount equal to at least 29.3 weight percent of the weight of the electrode whereby to produce a high-alloy deposit of chromiumnichel stainless steel, the core comprising 16.67 percent to 60 percent of the electrode weight and consisting essentially of the following listed components in the specified weight percentages of the electrode; from about 1 percent to about 7 percent of a slag-fanning material fused into vitreous particles including a slag-forming first cornponcnt and a derivative of a metal having an oxide form when molten different from said first component and soluble in the slag, from 1.0-2.67 percent of fluorid No references cited.
  • metals selected from the group consisting of metals, metal alloys and ferraalloys.

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US47141674 1968-11-20 1974-05-20 Arc welding electrode and process for stainless steel Expired USRE28326E (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47141674 USRE28326E (en) 1968-11-20 1974-05-20 Arc welding electrode and process for stainless steel
BE164235A BE838453Q (fr) 1968-11-20 1976-02-11 Procede et electrode de soudage a l'arc pour acier inoxydable

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US77740568A 1968-11-20 1968-11-20
US87904569A 1969-11-24 1969-11-24
US14927171A 1971-06-02 1971-06-02
US47141674 USRE28326E (en) 1968-11-20 1974-05-20 Arc welding electrode and process for stainless steel

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086389A (en) 1975-04-23 1978-04-25 Nippon Steel Corporation Coating composition comprising crystalline cellulose and a coated electrode for arc welding produced therewith
US20070193994A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-23 Lincoln Global, Inc. Cellulose coated stick electrode

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
No references cited. *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086389A (en) 1975-04-23 1978-04-25 Nippon Steel Corporation Coating composition comprising crystalline cellulose and a coated electrode for arc welding produced therewith
US20070193994A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-23 Lincoln Global, Inc. Cellulose coated stick electrode
US9579751B2 (en) * 2006-02-21 2017-02-28 Lincoln Global, Inc. Cellulose coated stick electrode

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