USRE23421E - Shock absorber - Google Patents

Shock absorber Download PDF

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USRE23421E
USRE23421E US23421DE USRE23421E US RE23421 E USRE23421 E US RE23421E US 23421D E US23421D E US 23421DE US RE23421 E USRE23421 E US RE23421E
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piston
pressure cylinder
valve
shock absorber
fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
    • F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
    • F16F9/185—Bitubular units

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  • This invention relates to shock absorbers of the hydraulic direct-acting type, such as shown in the copending patent application of Brouwer D. McIntyre et al. .for Shock Absorber Construction, Serial No. 171,472, filed June 30, 195-0, now Patent No. 2,546,038, March 20, 1951, and is a continuation in part of applicants copending application, Serial No. 136,949, lfiled January 5, 1950, now abandoned.
  • the shock absorber illustrated and described in the aforementioned McIntyre et al. copending application is-of the type having a restricted opening in the piston and a restricted opening in the compression base valve at one end of the shock absorber pressure cylinder.
  • the restricted opening in the piston has one end thereof normally closed by means of a valve disk which is actuatable by a predetermined fluid pressure to permit uid to flow from the upper portion of the pressure cylinder to the opposite side of the piston, adjacent the base compression valve.
  • the base compression valve -restricted opening is likewise normally closed by a valve disk which is actuatable to permit iiuid to flow from thefpressure -cylinder to the reserve chamber.
  • the shock absorber shown inthe copending application is provided with kboth pressure and velocity responsive means for controlling the now of Huid from the pressure cylinder to the reserve chamber and from the upper portion of the pressure cylinder to the lower portion thereof. vThat is, on rebound stroke of the shock absorber, when the piston moves away from the base valve, vfluid will flow through the piston restricted vpassageway and when a predetermined fluid pressure has been built up the valve disk will be actuated to permit the uid to flow to the opposite side of the pressure cylinder. At relatively low velocities very little resistance to the flow of fluid is occasioned by the restricted sizeof the piston opening.
  • the opening will provide increasingly higher resistance to the flow of fluid therethrough and in effect forms vvelocity responsive means for controlling the flow of fluid through the piston at high velocities.
  • the base valve construction on the compression stroke that is, upon'movement of the piston toward the base valve assembly.
  • the size of the shock absorber that ris the diameter of the pressure .cylinder bore, ,can be materially lessened, if .the Vdesired rebound .control is not such as prevent it, due to the fact that the rpiston is co,- operating With the base valve ,to provide the nec.- ⁇ essary control.
  • a smaller shock ab:- sorber can be used to perform the same amount or work that a larger shock absorber, in which the base ⁇ valve alone does all the Work, is capable of doing.
  • rIt may be obtained by restricting both the piston compression passages as well as ⁇ the compressionlpassage or passages inthe base valve and by using in conjunction with thesepas.- sages ⁇ pressure responsive means.
  • the pressure Yresponsive means act to provide the primary control during low piston velocities and the restricted passages act to pro,-
  • results of this invention may be ⁇ achieved by only festneting the piston passages and by properly balancing or correlating the base valve assembly relative thereto; but, in any event, the piston passages must be restricted in the manner which will be hereinafter set forth, and the base valve must be constructed so as to provide no less resistance to fluid now therethrough than the piston assembly, at any operating velocity, as brought out above.
  • shock absorber manufacturers have for years desired to better the compression control of shock absorbers, they have not found ⁇ a way to do so without providing either an extremely large shock absorber or one which, when the shock absorber was mounted on an automotive vehicle, or the like, would impart harshness to the vehicle ride.
  • shock absorber manufacturers have for years desired to better the compression control of shock absorbers, they have not found ⁇ a way to do so without providing either an extremely large shock absorber or one which, when the shock absorber was mounted on an automotive vehicle, or the like, would impart harshness to the vehicle ride.
  • valve disks or pressure responsive means alone are not sufcient in order to obtain the ultimate in shock absorber ride control for vehicles, and it was found that byusing relatively ilexible valve disks on the piston and base valve assemblies, for controlling the flow of fluid past these assemblies, the ultimate in vehicle ride conditions on rsmooth surfaces such as boulevards could be achieved. Also, by providing restricted openings or velocity responsive means for controlling the flow of fluid past the piston at relatively high piston velocities. such as would be occasioned when a vehicle is traveling over irregular road surfaces, the ultimate in vehicle ride characteristics would be obtained under these conditions, without in any way adversely affecting boulevard ride characteristics.
  • an object of this invention to provide a shock absorber of the aforementioned type, having a variable rate resistance; that is, one in which the resistance for one range of piston velocities can be varied without appreciably aiecting the resistance in the other range of piston velocities.
  • Figure l is a longitudinal sectional View of one embodiment of the shock absorber of this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1, taken along the line 2 2 thereof;
  • Fig.. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1, taken along the line 3 3 thereof;
  • Fig. 4 is a graphic representation of the resistances provided by a shock absorber of the type illustrated in Fig. 1, at diiferent piston Velocities;
  • Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view, similar ⁇ to Fig. 1, of a further embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 5, taken along the line 6 6 thereof;
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 5, taken lalong the line I 'I thereof;
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure Within the circle 8 of Fig. 7
  • Fig. 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view similar to Fig. l, of a base valve assembly and adjacent shock absorber parts of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 9, taken along the line I0 I0 thereof; and n Fig. 1l is a graphic representation of the resistances provided by a shock absorber of the type illustrated in Fig. 9 at different piston velocities.
  • the shock absorber includestelescoping sections 8 and 9, which are movable longitudinally with respect to each other when the shock absorber is attached between the sprung and unsprung portions of a vehicle, or the like.
  • the section 8 includes a tubular member Il, having an end cap I3 secured to the upper end thereof.
  • the end cap I3 is adapted to be connected to the sprung portion of a vehicle, by means of ya ringlike attaching element I5.
  • a piston rod I 'I has its upper end rigidly connected to the under side of the base portion of the cap I3 and depends therefrom into the section 9, as will be hereinafterfbrought out.
  • 'I'he section 9 includes a tubular member I9, which is concentric with the tubular member II and partially surrounded thereby. and which forms a fluid reservoir chamber for the shock absorber.
  • is concentrically disposed within the reserve tube I9, and forms a pressure cylinder within which the main operating parts of the shock absorber are disposed.
  • the lower end of the reserve tube I9 is closed by means of an end cap 23 which is adapted to be connected to the unsprung portion of a vehicle by any suitable means, such as a ringlike attaching member 25.
  • the upper end of the reserve tube I9 is closed by means of an end cap 21 which is provided with n a central aperture 29, in the base portion thereof, through which the piston rod vI'I extends.
  • is closed by means of a head or piston rod guide member 3
  • the rod guide 3l is proand? adjacent the' puter periphery thereof, with a, Vplurality of ci rcinnferentiallyl spaced upwardly egteridingprojections 35, which engage the end c ap 2 1, andwthereby lock the rod guide against mev'ementywith respect to the 4pressure tube 2
  • is provided with a central aperture 31, throughWhich the piston rod I1 extends.
  • a rubber seal 39 surrounds the Apiston rod I1 and is c oni ⁇ ined withinnthe upper portion of theend cap v2'] by means of a retainer element 4
  • a base compression valve assembly ⁇ having a valve body 45.
  • the cylinder end or valve body 45 is providedron the outer periphery thereof with a reduced portion 41, over which the lowerrend of theI pressure tube 2
  • the bottom face of the valve b'o'dyf45 abutsdthe end cap 21
  • the valve body ⁇ 45 is proyided adjacent the lower end thereof withva plurality of circumferentially spaced passageways 49, which communicate the reserve chambei' I9 with the under side of the central portion ofthe valve body 45.
  • the reserve tubeor chamber I9 is adapted to contain a reserve supply of hydraulic medium, in addition to that which is disposed in the pressure cylinder 2
  • the lower end of the piston rod I1 is reduced in diameteruat 53 to extend through the piston 5
  • a support washer 55 having an annular ilange 51 en the upper end thereof, abuts the shoulder formed at the upper end of the reduced piston rod portion 53, and has its lower end disposed in a recess in the upper face of the piston 5I, adjacent the piston rod reduced portion 53.
  • the piston 5I is provided with an outer set o f circumferentially spaced, restricted passageways ,59 and a pair of opposed restricted passageways A5I, which are disposed radially inwardly from the puter set of passageways 59.
  • Three passageway's 59 are illustrated as comprising the outer set of passageways for the piston, for reasons which will hereinafter appear.
  • is provided with a circumferential upwardly projecting rim or land 53 between the inner and outer sets of passageways 59 and 6
  • a second upwardly projecting land or rim4 65 is provided on the upper surface of the 'piston 5
  • a disk type valve 61 is seated upon the upper faces of annular lands E3 and 65 and is of the type illustrated in Fig. 3. The valve 61 closes off the upper ends of the outer set of passageways 59 and is provided with openings 69 above the inner set of passageways 6
  • the disk valve 61 is resiliently held in engagement with the .lllpperiace of the piston 5
  • the spring 1I is slidably supported on the shank portion of the support 4washer 55, and the annular flange of the support washer engages the inner peripheral portion of the star spring so as to preload thedlsk valve B1
  • the disk valve 61 thus lies flat on the piston lands 63 and 65 and is not clamped against the lands but rather is free to be lifted off of its seat against theaction of the spring 1I.
  • is locked on the reduced piston rod portion 53, with its upper face engaging the lower face of the support washer 55, by means of anut 13, which is threaded on the lower end of the piston rod reduced portion 53.
  • the bottoni face of the piston 5I is provided, in addition to a.V downwardly projecting land 15, which corresponds to the land 53 previously described, with e; downwardly projecting land 11, adjacent the piston rod reduced portion 53.
  • a laminated disk valve 19 abuts the bottom faces of lands 15 and 11, so as to normally close on the lower end of th two inner passageways 6
  • the compression base valve body 45 is provided with an outer set of circumferentially 'spaced passageways 89 and a single inner passageway 9
  • 1 is substantially three times the area of the operating rod, so that when the piston 5I moves toward the base valve 45 during the shock absorber compression stroke, as will hereinafter more fully appear, three times as much fluid will now up through the piston passageways 59 as through the base valve passageway 9
  • are of a relatively small size, so as to provide resistance to the flow of fluid therethrough at high piston velocities, as will more fully hereinafter appear.
  • the upper and lower faces of the valve body 45 are provided with lands in the same manner as the upper and lower faces of the piston, so that the lands thereof are indicated by primed numbers corresponding to like numbers in the piston construction.
  • the base valve body i5 is provided with a central aperture 9S, through which is extended the shank portion of a partially hollow rivet 96.
  • is normally closed by means of a laminated disk valve 91 which has the outer periphery seated against the bottom face o1 the land 15 and the inner periphery held in engagement with the lower face of the valve body by a spun over portion 99 on the lower end of the rivet shank 95.
  • the outer periphery of the laminated disk valves 91 can thus be unseated or moved away from the lower end of the valve body passageway 9
  • the upper ends of the base valve passageways 89 are resiliently closed by means of a disk valve IUI which corresponds to the disk valve 61 used in the piston construction.
  • 03 holds the disk valve
  • the rivet 96 is formed with an annular flange or head
  • in the base valve body 45 are of such a size as to offer only a minimum of resistance to the ilow of fluid therethrough when the shock absorber is being actuated at a relatively low velocity suoli as 385 inches per minute or less, but will offer increasingly higher resistance to the flow of fluid therethrough after the valve disks 'E9 and 97 have been opened, as the cycle of operation of the shock absorber increases, as will clearly appear hereinafter.
  • Fig. 4 wherein a graphic resistance curve is shown for the shock absorber of this invention, it will be seen that when the piston is moving upwardly at a velocity of approximately 385 inches per minute, the piston resistance to fluid flow from the upper side to the lower side thereof is approximately pounds. When the piston velocity increases to 1100 inches per minute, the resistance is increased to pounds. When the piston velocity is increased to 2300 inches per minute the piston resistance increases to 310 pounds, and when the piston velocity reaches approximately 3900 inches per minute the piston resistance is increased to 615 pounds. With the construction of this invention, due to the use of valve disks, resistance is still obtained in boulevard riding, as
  • the restricted passageways 59 in the piston provide a .substantial portion of the compression control of the shock absorber and cooperate with the base valve to .provide mo-re efficient control and to enable the use of a smaller shock absorber from which the same amount of work may be achieved as from heretofore known conventional rshock absorbers.
  • the restricted passageways'59 provide the necessary control at high piston velocities to give the ultimate in vehicle ride characteristics on irregular road surfaces on "the compression stroke of the piston.
  • may be varied in accord- ⁇ ance with variations in the ratio between the area of any given 4pressure cylinder less the area of the operating rod, and the area of the rod, and .it will also be understood that the three to one Iratio is only a minimum to insure proper filling of .the pressure cylinder, and that more openings may be provided in the piston if less compression resistance is desired, as heretofore described. In any case, the sizeof the base valve passageway .9
  • the aforementioned three toA one ratio applies only where the vlength .or depth of the piston and base valve bodies are substantially the same, but the ratio may not apply if, for example, the piston were relatively thin and the base valverelatively heavy.
  • the ,primary importance resides in the fact that the ratio between the sizes-f the holes in the base valve and piston assembly, i. e. the length and diameter, must be such that three times as much fluid can iiow through the piston than through the kbase valve where the area of the pressure .chamber less the area of the operating rod and .the area ⁇ of the rod are in a three to one ratio. In .certain instances this ratio may be decreased if the base valve ⁇ disks are properly correlated with .the piston assembly, as will hereinafter appear.
  • these diameters may vary as the length of the passages is varied, so vlong as the same resistance to fluid flow ⁇ is maintained thereby.
  • the passage sizes would have to be changed in order to obtain thesame resistance values as will be seen from the table hereinafter set forth.
  • the results of this invention will not be properly achieved because the desired welcoming effect at high velocities is not obtained.
  • the area of a piston compression passage or passages should be between .4% and 5% of the area of the shock absorber rebound chamber.
  • the diameter of the passages could likewise be increased and the same resistance values obtained.
  • Such increases are considered to be within the scope of this invention when the same general type of results are achieved.
  • a liquid of a dilerent viscosity from that mentioned above is used. It Will thus be seen that there is a critical relationship between the area of the piston compression passages relative to the area of the shock absorber rebound chamber, if the length of the passages does not vary and if fluid of a generally normal and conventional viscosity is employed.
  • this table presents the data for the various sized shock absorbers to indicate the relationship between the various areas to obtain the percentage of .4 and the percentage of 5% between the piston passages and the rebound chamber areas., and in addition, for a one inch shock absorber, to show this relationship for the shock absorber from which the results shown in Fig. 4 were obtained, and in Which the area of the piston compression passages was 2.3% of the area of the rebound chamber.
  • the 'I'he shock absorber illustrated in Figures 5 through 8 is substantially the same as the shock absorber previously described, with the exception of the compression passageway construction in the piston, and therefore like parts of this embodiment are designated by prime nurnbers corresponding to like part numbers of the previous embodiment.
  • the outer set of piston compression passageways are formed by means of circumferentially spaced notches or recesses
  • 69 is relatively small and is in the neighborhood of only a few thousandths, so that the total area provided by these recesses is at least three times as great as the area of the base valve compression passageway 9
  • 99 are separated by means of lands or peripheral portions which engage the inner wall of the pressure cylinder 2
  • 09 are normally closed by means of an annular lip
  • 3 normally enga-ges the inner Wall of the pressure cylinder 2
  • 5 is held in engagement with the upper surface of the piston body 5
  • 1 is ported at
  • 09 are so correlated with respectV and produces the same effect :as the shock absorber previously described.
  • the shock absorber illustrated is identical to Vthe one previously vdescribed, in connection with Figs. ⁇ l to 3, except for the base valve, Vso that only the base valve and adjacent portions of the shock absorber are illustrated.
  • the base valve is provided with three .089" diameter passages 9
  • Three disks are provided for closing the passages 9
  • Fig. l1 it will be seen that with the shock absorber illustrated in Figs. 9 through 11 the piston assembly and base valve q assembly together Will offer a total of fty pounds resistance ⁇ to movement of the piston 'toward the base valve at a piston velocity of 385 inches per minute. At a velocity of 1100 inches per minute the resistance offered by the base valve assembly ⁇ and the piston assembly together increased to ninety pounds, and at a velocity of 2300 inches per minute the total resistance increased to one hundred and seventy pounds. Further, at the high velocity of 3900 inches per minute the resistance increased to three hundred pounds.
  • the base valve disks 75" must be constructed and/or preloaded such that the piston assembly will not develop internal shook absorber pressures at any piston velocities which are greater than the pressures produced by the base valve at the same speed.
  • the resistance ⁇ to fluid flow provided by the base valve disks must always be ⁇ edual'to or greater than] at least as great as the resistance to fluid now pro-vided by the piston passages and disks normally closing the same, together, 'in order to provide a shock absorber which will operate properisr and so that ⁇ the upper portion of lthe pressure cylinder, between the piston and operating rod guide, will fill and the shock absorber will not starve on the rebound stroke.
  • 1l are, of course, merely illustrative and will vary with iiuids ot different viscosities, different passage sizes, etc. Also, for different types of vehicle suspensions, .control and vehicle weights, .different results ⁇ would :be desired and obta'ined, but in al1 cases the base valve disks must be loaded in such a manner that they will provide as great or greater resistance to fluid iiow than does the piston assembly. Furthermore, the piston compression passages 55.9 are still restricted and must be of a size between .4% and 5% of the pressure cylinder rebound area, or the area-,0f the pressure cylinder less the yarea of the operating rod.
  • the results of this Vinvention may
  • va shock absorber in which the base valve passage is unrestricted, even Ythough all of the orifice -or velocity responsive control must be provided by the piston passages which, of course, reduces vthe efficiency of the velocity responsive controla cer.- tain amount as compared with the construction previously described, vin which the passages of both vthe piston and ybase valve were restricted.
  • the ratio vbetween the sizes thereof is preferably in substantially ⁇ 'the same proportion :as the pressure cylinder area fminus the rod area is to the I.operating irod area.
  • This :ratio can, however, be more or .less than that proportion, 4but Vif the 'ratio is increased, or more than 'the proportion, the Veiiciency .of 'the :piston restriction Ior Yorifice control will decrease in .substantially 'the same proportion, and if the i-ratio is decreased, or less than the proportion, the pressure ⁇ responsive valve :means or disks of the base valve must ⁇ be adjusted.
  • valve disks or pressure responsive means will primarily control the ilow [or] of uid through the piston and base valve when the vehicle is travelling on relatively smooth pavement, a1- though a very small amount of resistance to the flow of fluid, even at relatively low velocities, is set up by the restricted passageways in the piston and base valve and by friction in the shock absorber.
  • the damping rate of the piston and base valve can be easily varied. That is, the resistance at relatively high piston velocities can be varied without materially affecting the resistance to fluid flow at relatively low velocities, and vice versa.
  • the pressure above the piston during the compression stroke must be something higher than atmospheric
  • the piston and base valve are directly dependent upon each other in order to produce this relationship during the compression stroke.
  • the total restriction provided by the piston must be substantially the same or less than the total resistance provided by the base valve assembly at all piston velocities which may occur on the vehicle.
  • a volume of fluid equal to that of the piston rod flows through the base valve, a volume of fluid equal to or slightly greater than the volume encompassed by the same given length of the pressure cylinder, less the volume of the piston rod, must ow through the piston.
  • shock absorber constructions It is therefore possible, with the construction of this invention, to obtain results which have not been heretofore obtained in shock absorber constructions and to provide a shock absorber in which the eiciency and control factors are materially increased without increasing the manufacturing cost, as well as a shock absorber in which the control factors may be easily varied to produce any desired control characteristics in accordance with the type of vehicle or other apparatus on which the shock absorber is mounted.
  • a hydraulic shock absorber including a pressure cylinder and a reserve chamber, both of which normally contain hydraulic fluid, means closing the opposite ends of said pressure cylinder, including a compression base valve body adjacent one end thereof, a piston slidably disposed in said pressure cylinder, and operating rod connected with said piston and extending through the closure means at the opposite end of said pressure cylinder from said compression base valve body, said piston having a passageway therethrough through which fluid may flow from the compression base valve side of said piston to the opposite side thereof during the compression stroke of said piston or movement thereof toward said base valve body, said piston having another passageway therethrough through which fluid may flow from the operating rod side of said piston to the opposite side thereof during the rebound stroke of said piston or movement thereof away from said base Valve body, valve means normally closing each of said piston passageways and actuatable by a predetermined fluid pressure acting thereagainst to permit a flow of fluid from one side of said piston to the other side thereof, said base valve body having a compression passageway therethrough through which fluid displaced by said operating rod may now from said pressure
  • a hydraulic shock absorber including a pres- .snre .cylinder and a reserve chamber, both of which normally contain hydraulic fluid, means closing the opposite ends of said pressure cylnder including a compression base valve body adjacent one end thereof, va piston slidably disposed in .sa-id pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with. said piston and ⁇ extending through the closure means at the opposite end of said pressure cylinder from said compression base valve body, said piston having a passageway therethrough. through which uid may now from the compression base valve side of said piston to the opposite side thereof during the compression stroke of said piston assembly or movement thereof toward said base valve assembly, means permitting a flow of fluid past said piston from the operating rod side of said piston to the .opposite sid thereof during.
  • valve. means normally closing said piston compression passageway and actuatable by a predetermined fluid pressure acting thereagainst topermit ,a flow .of fluidfrom .the .one side of said piston to the other .side thereof, said base valve body having a compression .passageway therethrough through which fluid displaced by said operating rod may flow from said .pressure cylinder to said reserve .chamber during .the compression stroke of said piston, valve means normally 4closing said base valve body passageway against the yiiow of fluid ,therethrough and actuatable by a predetermined iiuid pressure to permit fluid to flow through said passageway, said piston .compression passageway valve means being actuatable by a lesser fluid pressure than said compression base valve body valve means, means permitting fluid to flow past said base valve body from saidv reserve chamber to.
  • the sizes of the piston .compression passageway and .the base valve compression passageway being ⁇ of a ratio vsubstantially .equal to the ratio between .the pressure cylinder area less the operating rod area and the operating rod area, whereby when lsaid piston moves toward said base valve body the, necessary volume of fluid will flow through said piston compression passageway tokeep the portion 4of -the pressure cylinder on the .operating rod ⁇ side of said. piston vcontinually filled with.
  • a hydraulic shock absorber including a pressure cylinder and a reserve chamber, bothy of which normally contain hydraulic Iduid, means. closing the opposite-ends of said pressure cylinder including a -base compression valve body adjacent one -end of said pressure cylinder, a piston slidably disposed in said pressure cylinder, an ope-rating -rod connected with saidpiston and extend-ingY through the closure means at the opposite end of s-aid pressure cylinder from said compression valve ⁇ body, passageway means in -saidf piston for vpern'litting -a flowv of fluid from the compression valve-body-side of said pressure cylinder to the opposite side thereof during the compression stroke ⁇ of said piston or movement thereof toward said base compression valve body.
  • piston passage means being not less than 4% nor more than 5% of the area of the pressure cylinder less the area of said operating rod, means permitting a flow of iluid past said piston from the operating rod side of said piston to the opposite side of said pressure cylinder during the rebound stroke of said piston or movement thereof away from said base compression Valve body, fluid passageway means in said base compression valve body permitting a flow of fluid vdisplaced by said operating rod from said pressure cylinder to said reserve chamber during the compression stroke of said piston, means permitting a flow of fluid past said compression valve body from said reserve chamber to said pressure cylinder during the rebound stroke of said piston, the sizes of the piston compression passageway means and the base valve compression passageway means being of a ratio substantially vequal to the ratio between the pressure cylinder area less the operating rod area and the operating rod area, whereby when said piston moves toward said compression valve body the necessary volume of fluid will flow through said piston .compression passageway means so ⁇ as to insure that the operating rod side of said pressure cylinder Will be .continually filled with i
  • piston and valve body at relatively low piston velocities, and increasingly higher restriction to the ow of fluid from one side to the other .of said piston and valve body at relatively high piston .and fluid velocities, and said piston compression passageway means being such that at relatively high piston velocities the uid pressure differential, between opposite sides of saidpiston, acts upon .substantially the full area of said piston, less the area of said operating rod.
  • a hydraulic shock absorber a pressure cylinder and a reserve chamber, both of which normally contain hydraulic fluid, means closing theopposite ends of said pressure cylinder including a valve body adjacent one end thereof, a piston .operable in said cylinder and adapted upon movement in said cylinder toward said valve body toipass fluid from the side of the pressure cylinder adjacent said valve body to the other sideof said piston, an operating rod con- -nected vwith said piston and extending through then closure means at the opposite end of said pressure cylinder from said valve body, pressure responsive means for controlling the flow of fluid from the-one side of said piston to the other side, means responsive to the velocity of said piston in said .cylinder ⁇ for controlling the flow of fluid from the one side of said piston to the other side in accordance with the velocity of said piston, said valve body being adapted upon said movement of said piston to pass fluid from said pressure cylinder to said reserve chamber, pressure responsive means for controlling the flow of uid fromfsaid pressure cylinder to said reserve chamber, means responsive to the velocity of said piston
  • a pressure cylinder and a reserve chamber both of which normally contain hydraulic fluid
  • means closing the opposite ends of said pressure cylinder including a valve body adjacent one end thereof, a piston slidably disposed-in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston and extending through the closure means at the opposite end of said pressure cylinder from said valve body, said piston having a passageway through which iluid may iiow from the valve body side of said piston to the opposite side thereof during the compression stroke of said piston or movement thereof toward said valve body, the area of said piston passage means being not less than .4% nor more than 5 of the area of the pressure cylinder less the area of said operating rod, said valve body having a passageway through which fluid displaced by said operating rod may ilow from said pressure cylinder to said reserve chamber during the compression stroke of said piston, the sizes of the piston passageway and the valve body passageway being of a ratio substantially equal to the ratio between the pressure cylinder rod area, whereby when said piston moves toward said valve body the necessary volume of
  • a hydraulic ⁇ shock absorber comprising a pressure cylinder normally filled with liquid, means serving as a liquid reservoir for said pressurecylinder, closure means closing one end of said pressure cylinder, a base valve assembly adjacent the opposite end of said pressure cylinder for controlling the ow of liquid from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir, a piston reciprocable in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston and extending through said closure means; said piston having a passage extending therethrough to permit the ow of liquid from the side of the pressure cylinder adjacent the base valve assembly to the opposite side of said pressure cylinder, said piston passage having an area of not less than .4% nor more than area less the operating rod area and the operating 5% of the area of said pressure cylinder less the area of said operating rod, said valve assembly including a body having a passage extending therethrough to permit a flow of liquid from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir, pressure responsive valve means for controlling the flow of liquid through said base valve body passage, said valvemeans being automatically actuatable to an open position by a predetermined liquid pressure to permit fluid
  • a hydraulic shock absorber comprising va pressure cylinder normally filled with liquid, means serving as a liquid reservoir for said pressure cylinder and closure means closing one end of said pressure cylinder, a valve assembly adjacent the opposite end of said pressure cylinder controlling the flow of liquid from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir, a piston reciprocable in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston and extending through said closure means, said piston having a passage extending therethrough to permit liquid to iiow from the portion of said pressure cylinder between said piston and valve assembly to the portion of said pressure cylinder on the opposite side of said piston, pressure responsive valve means controlling the flow of liquid through said piston passage and being actuatable to open position in response to a predetermined pressure of liquid in said passage, the area of said passage being not less than .4% nor more than 5% of the area of said pressure cylinder less the area of said voperating rod, said valve assembly including a body having a passage extending therethrough to permit a iiow of liquld from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir, pressure responsive
  • a hydraulic shock absorber comprising a pressure cylindernormallyiilled with liquid, means serving as a liquid reservoir for said pressure cylinder, closure means closing one end of said pressure cylinder, a valve assembly adjacent the opposite end of said pressure cylinder for controlling the flow of liquid from the pressure cylinder to the reservoir, a piston reciprocable in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston and extending through said closure means, said piston having passage means extending therethrough to permit liquid to ow from the portion of said ⁇ pressure cylinder between said piston and valve assembly to the portion of said pressure cylinder on the opposite side of said piston, the area of said piston passage through, valve disk means normally vengaging one "faceof' said body so as to close one end of said passage against the now of liquid therethrough, means supporting said valve disk means in engagement with said valve body face so that said disk means is automatically actuatable to open position in response to a. predetermined liquid pressure in said valve body passage, said valve assembly providing a greater resistance to the il'ow of liquid therepast than said piston at any given operating
  • a hydraulic shock absorber including a pressure cylinder normally filled with liquid, means serving as a liquid reservoir for said pressure cylinder, closure means closing one end of said pressure cylinder, a valve body adjacent the opposite end of said pressure cylinder'permitting the ow of liquid from said pressurecylinder to said reservoir, a piston reciprocable in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston Aand extending through said closure means, said piston having passage meansY extending therethrough to permita flow of liquid from the portion of said pressure cylinder between said piston and said valve body to the portion of said pressure cylinder on the opposite side of said piston during movement of said piston toward said valve body, said valve body having a passage therethrough through which liquid displaced by said operating rod may ilow from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir during the compression stroke of said piston, said valve body passage having a flow capacity allowing a relatively free flow of liquid therethrough at low piston velocities, pressure responsive valve means for controlling the flow of liquid through said valve body passage, said valve means being automatically actuatable to open position in response to a predetermined
  • said piston compression passage to keep the portion of the pressure cylinder on the operating rod side of the piston continually lled with liquid, and the area of said piston passage means being not less than .4% nor more than of the area of said pressure Ycylinder' less the area of said operating rod.
  • a hydraulic shock absorber including a pressure cylinder normally filledwith liquid, means serving as a liquid reservoir for said pressure cylinder, closure means closing one end of said pressure cylinder, a valve body adjacent the opposite end of said pressure cylinder permitting a flow of liquid from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir, a p-iston reciprocable in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston and extending through said closure means, said piston having passage means extending therethrough to permit a flow of liquid from the portion of said pressure cylinder between said piston and valve body to the portion of said pressure cylinder on the opposite side of said piston during movement of said piston toward said valve body, pressure responsive valve means normally closing said piston passage against the ilow of liquid therethrough and actuatable to open position in response to a predetermined pressure of liquid in said passage means corresponding to low piston velocity, said valve body having passage vmeans extending therethrough through which liquid displaced by said operating rod may flow from said pressure cylinder to saidreservoir during the compression stroke of said piston, said valve body passage having aflow capacity allowing
  • a hydraulic shock absorber comprising a pressure cylinder normally lled with liquid, means serving as a liquid reservoir for said pressure cylinder, closure means closing one end of said pressure cylinder, a base valve assembly adjacent the opposite end of said pressure cylinder for controlling the flow of liquid from said pressure cylinder .to said reservoir, a piston reciprocable in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston and extending through said closure means, said piston having a passage extending therethrough to permit the flow of liquid from the side of said pressure cylinder adjacent the base valve assembly to the opposite side of said pressure cylinder, said piston passage having an area of not less than .4% nor more than 5% oi the area of said pressure cylinder less the area of said operating rod, said valve assembly including a body having a passage of predetermined size extending therethrough to permit a flow of liquid from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir, said passage size being such as to permit a relatively free flow of huid therethrough at all operating piston velocities, pressure responsive valve means for controlling the flow of liquid through said base valve body passage
  • a hydraulic shock absorber comprising a. pressure cylinder normally lled with liquid,
  • vmeans serving as a liquid reservoir for said prescent the opposite end of said pressure cylinder controlling the flow of liquid from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir
  • a piston reciprocable in said pressure cylinder, an operating rod connected with said piston and extending through said closure means
  • said piston having a passage extending therethrough to permit liquid to ⁇ flow from the portion of said pressure cylinder be- 1tween said piston and valve assembly to the portion of said pressure cylinder on the opposite side of said piston
  • pressure responsive valve means controlling the flow of liquid through said piston passage and being actuatable to open position in response to a predetermined pressure of liquid in said passage, the area of said passage being substantially 2.3% of the area of said pressure cylinder less the area of saidoperating rod
  • said valve assembly including a body having a passage extending therethrough to permit a iiow of liquid from said pressure cylinder to said reservoir,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
US23421D 1950-01-05 Shock absorber Expired USRE23421E (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US691544XA 1950-01-05 1950-01-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USRE23421E true USRE23421E (en) 1951-10-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US23421D Expired USRE23421E (en) 1950-01-05 Shock absorber

Country Status (5)

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US (1) USRE23421E (fr)
DE (1) DE976628C (fr)
FR (1) FR1036570A (fr)
GB (1) GB691544A (fr)
NL (2) NL86651C (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2670814A (en) * 1951-05-29 1954-03-02 Chrysler Corp Shock absorber
US3003594A (en) * 1957-11-04 1961-10-10 Christian M L L Bourcie Carbon Shock absorbers
US3038545A (en) * 1959-03-06 1962-06-12 Monroe Auto Equipment Co Implement lift draft control

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE650195C (de) * 1936-01-09 1937-09-13 Daimler Benz Akt Ges Fluessigkeitsstossdaempfer, insbesondere fuer Kraftwagen
US2473043A (en) * 1944-08-28 1949-06-14 Monroe Auto Equipment Co Shock absorber structure

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2670814A (en) * 1951-05-29 1954-03-02 Chrysler Corp Shock absorber
US3003594A (en) * 1957-11-04 1961-10-10 Christian M L L Bourcie Carbon Shock absorbers
US3038545A (en) * 1959-03-06 1962-06-12 Monroe Auto Equipment Co Implement lift draft control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB691544A (en) 1953-05-13
NL157492B (nl) 1978-08-15
NL86651C (fr) 1957-11-15
DE976628C (de) 1964-01-09
FR1036570A (fr) 1953-09-09

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