USRE17139E - Shears - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 20, 1928. H. G. R. vuLLlET Er AL l Re- 17,139 y SHEARS sV sheets-sheet 1 Original Filed Nov. *2, 1922 H. G. R. vuLLlET Er AL Nov. 20, 1928,

SHEARS Uriginal Filed Nov. 2, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Figi-2..

Figli.

HTTORA/Ers NWLZG, 1928. H. G. R` vuLuET WAL Re- 17,139

sHEARs Original Filed Nov. 2, 1922 3 SheetsSheet 3 troubled by two preoccupatious.: to cause the y Reissued Nov. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

HUBERT GASTON RAPHAEL VULLIET AND FRANQOIS ALEXIS HENRI DESCHATRES, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNORS T0 ANDR GUENEAU, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

SHEARS.

Original No. 1,493,171, dated May 6, 1924, Serial No. 598,474, filed November 2, 1922.l Application for reissue led October 25, 1927. Serial. No. 228,680.

In shears having a reciprocating movement, used up to this day, the relative feeding movement of the sheet-iron plate relatively to the shea-rs is obtained either by means of a. special device or by hand. The automatic feed` whichmoreover, is not generally used, necessitates a. mechanical complication which is costly in every case, and quite inadmissible with small fixed or portable shears. Consequently, in the latter, the feedingis always effected by hand; it results therefrom that the workman utilizing ak machine of this kind is tool (or the sheet-iron plate) to move forward at every stroke according tov ay predetermined extent slightly less than the length cut, and to guide it vfor cutting according to theline traced. On the -other hand, these shears can only cut according to a. straight line and use must be made of non-portable circular shears for curved outlines.

The principal object of this invention is to provide a new and improved construction of great simplicity particularly adapted for small fixed or portable shears, (although not necessarily limit-ed to small shears), by means ot' which straight cuts or cuts having curves of small radii or of irregular contigui-ation may be quickly and accurately made with the same tool. 1

A further object is to provide a. new shear in which, byv a. very simple mechanism, the blade itself can take a bearing on the sheetiron plate (or acts on the same) for effecting the necessary feeding movement.

' In the shears forming the subject-matter of the inventiomthe movable blade is obliquely secured on a blade-carrier directly mounted on the crank pin of a. crank or of'an eccentric to which is imparted a continuous circular movement and this blade-carrier is moreover shaped in such a manner as toside in or on a sha ft parallel to the axis of the driving crank.

This particular mechanism imparts to the movable blade two simultaneous movement-s: l. a reciprocatingr movement for moving .it towards and away from the fixed blade, movement by which the cutting operation is effected; 2. a reciprocating movement in the direction of the 'advance and recoil of the tool. In vthis latter movement, the movable blade moves in the direction of the recoil during the cutting operation but owing to its obhqulty and to its keenness it cannot slide on the sheet iron plate and, in consequence of the relative displacement of the blades, produces the advance of the tool or the plate according to whether the tool is portable or fixed. y

According to a first form of construction, the movable blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing, which is out of center, of the driving shaft, is, on the other hand` extended on the. side opposite to the blade. by a prismatic or cylindrical tail-piece which moves in a slide of a shaft arranged parallel and above the driving eccentric, so that the elliptical movement imparted to the movable blade is such that the small axis of the ellipse is directed in the same direction as the edge of the blade and that the movement of relative displacement of the tool and of the maf tcrial to be cut is small.

In a second form of construction, this movable blade-carrier is so devised as to present a Very large guide surface, in order to ensure the displacement of the movable blade, rigorously in the same plane.

Moreover, the rocking axis of this bladecarrier is arranged at a point situated slight- 1y below t-he axis of rotation of the eccentric driving the blade-carrier, so that the elliptical movement of this latter is such that the large axis of the ellipse is directed in the same direction as the edge of the blade and that the movement of translation of the said blade is thus the maximum.

Finally, two curved slots are formed yone above the other in the frame of the shears and symmetrically arranged relatively to the middle plane of the shears, and with their point of tangency slightly in front of the apex of the angle formed by the blades of the shears, sofas to permit of turning the tool or Work in both directions in very small radii and to obtain the cutting of curved outlines without distorting the material cut; these slots forming an oval opposed at the top to the cutting angle of the blades, so as to release the sheetiron plate 'cut without distorting it.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood. two forms of construction forming the subject-matter of the said invention will be described hereafter, by way of example, withreference to the accompanying drawing in which: I

Fig. 1 is a. front view. Fig. 2 is a side View, the frame being partially cut away.

Fig. 3 is a section made according to line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section according to line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan View according to line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a View, on an enlarged scale, of the movable blade.

Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a modification.

Fig. 8 is a side view thereof.

Fig. 9 is a. cross vertical section made according to line 9-9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 1() is a longitudinal Vertical section made according to line 10-10 of Fig. 7.

Figs. 1l and 12 are two horizontal sections made respectively according to lines 11-11 and 12-12 of Fig. 8.

As illustrated 1n the drawing, the shears vforming the subject-matter of the invention comprise a frame a, which if the shears are constructed to be moved while the work is held fixed, is provided with two handles b1 and b2 for permitting the easy manipulation of the apparatus. The frame a is also provided lwith two spaced cheeks c1, c2 the opposite `faces of which are machined so as to guide the blade-carrier l on which is obliquely secured the movable blade e. As shown in the drawing, Fig. 6, this blade may be provided with small teeth which are oblique in the direction of the feeding movement of the sheet-iron plate. These teeth are not indispensable, but facilitate the operation as will be explained hereafter.

The blade-carrier is mounted on shaft f:

the bearings of which in the cheeks c1, c2 are out of center relatively to the bearing in the blade-carrier d. The diameters of these bearings prefera-bly decrease from right "to left (Fig. 3), so as to permit the assemblage and,

disassemblage of the parts. A conical pin g fitted in a groove 7L provided in the shaft f, or any other suitable device, holds the latter in place. This shaft terminates in two squares or other-bearings which permit the connection thereto ofa suitable actuating means, such as a flexible transmission when the device is used suitable driving means if the tool is as a. portable tool, or an electric motor or other mounted on a fixed support.

Th e. blade-carrier d terminates on the opposite side of the bladein a cylindrical tail-piece fitted in a corresponding hole formed in a shaft of large diameter, which can oscillate in bearings provided inthe cheeks el ando?.

The frame @terminates at the bottom `inan incline k. It carries at this end a kind of hook Z separated from'the cheek c1 by a groove m. 'On this-hook is obliquely secured the fixed blade n. The incline k and the slot m. both begin or start from the fixed blade n, and are substantially parallel to the blades e and n respectively, so that the two portions ofthe cut sheet-iron plate can be disengaged without being distorted. A I i 7 On the other hand, the bottom ofthe slot m and the edge of the incline la are similarly ycurved in opposite directions as shown in Figs. 3 and 5 in order to allow the cutting otl curved outlines. A roller o may be providedto act as a rotary bearing.

In the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 7 to 11, the shears` comprises, as in the previous example, a frame a which may be provided with two handles b1, b2 for grasping and guiding the apparatus. `Said frame is provided with two cheeks c1, c2 machined on their `inner face between whichis guided the blade-carrier d on which is obliquely secured the movable blade e.

This blade-carrier is formed of, a Aflatsteel member the dimensions and shape ofwhich are approximately similar to those .of the cheeks c1, 02 and the plane faces of which are perfectly machined so as to fit with a1. neat running fit between the opposed guiding surfaces of' said cheeks and thereb ensure the .l f

guiding and Adisplacement of the. lade e in the same plane. y

In this form of the invention, the bladecarrier is mounted by means of a ball-bearing f1 on the central vbearing of ashaft f, which is out'4 of centre relatively to .the end bearings mounted in ball-bearings;c2 arrangedinthe cheeks c1, c2 of the frame. The blade-carrier al has formed atthe rear rectilinear slide-Way 2 which fits on the flat portion jl of a shaft capable of freely rock.

ing in bearings formed in the cheeks o1, c2, at the rear lof the shaft f the rotation of which thereof, an extension Lin which is provided a f reduces the displacement ofthe movable` lade e. i

The shaft j. which forms the axis of oscillation of the movable blade, is situated, at the rear and slightly below the axis of rotation of the dri ving shaft so that the elliptical movement of the movable bladeis such that the large axis of the ellipse extends in the same 'direction as the edge of the blade whereby the n'ioveuient of translation ofthetool is the At its lower part, the frame (i is provided with a kind of hook l at the end of whiehis secured the fixed blade n and which is separated from the cheek c1 by avlongitudinal slotfm below which is formed a second longitudinal slot m1, open on the opposite face of the hook Z and vthe upper bott-emot which isfconnected with-the base of the cheek c2.

. Thevertical Awall of eachof these slots is curvedandthese :walls are, as shown ,respectively in Figs. :11 and 12,.,sy1ninetrically ar- -1fanged .relatively to the cutting` planeof the tool and have their point of tangeney slightly in front of the apex of the angle formed by the two blades. By referring to Fig. 8 it will be Anoted that the slots m, m1 are substantially parallel to the blades e and p respectively and begin 0r start from the fixed blade p, thus forming supporting surfaces for the cut portions of the sheet and preventing distortion thereof by the cutting action of the shears. As a iesult of this constructiomrelative movement between the tool and material in the plane of the latter is not prevented, as with the prior constructions, but the sheet, or tool as the ease may be, can be freely turned about a vertical axis for the production of curved outlines. The curvature of the verl ical walls of the slots as `shown in Fig. ll also aids in freeing the work because as these vertical walls recede or curve away from the plane of the vertical cutting edges of the bla-des there is a substantial clearance between such walls and the cut portions of the sheet. Y The operation of the shears is the following:

rlhe shaft f being actuated with a rotary movement by means of a suitable transmission, such for instance, as a flexible transmission provided with an internally screwthreaded sleeve fitted on the suitably screwthreaded end f3 of the said shaft f, this latter acting in the same way as a crank shaft, drives the movable blade e parallel to itself with an approximately elliptical movement resulting, as above stated, from the two following simultaneous movements:

l. Vertical reciprocating movement during which the cutting operation is effected;

2. Reciprocating movement in the direction of advance and recoil of the tool determining the translation or feed of the shears on the material to be cut; the movable blade e being displaced towards the right (Fig. 8) on the sheet-iron plate during the inoperative portion of its stroke. When however, the blade is performing the cutting portion of its stroke it is moving towards the left (Fig. 8) or towards the fixed blade, the pressure of the movable blade performing a gripping action on the plate, which is increasedif the lower face of the` movable blade is toothed, and thus causing the shears or material as the case may be, to advance. I

It will be readily understood that with a shears constructed in accordance with the principles vof our invention, the effective automatic feeding of the material is secured by a very simple mechanism. Therefore, the workman is not compelled, as with the usual devices,to exert great pressure for forcing the material to the tool or vice versa. ,Furtherinore, the principles' of our invention enable a.

power operated shears to be constructed which is capable of producing straight cuts, or oppositely vcurved outlines of very small radii, or any desired combination thereof r Without necessitating any change or adjustmentof the tool. The cutting of curved outlines of small radii or of irregular configural which contributes to secure the desiredfresult; the automatic feeding of the material due to the combined horizontal and vertical ie'ciproeation of the movable blades: the relatively short cutting blades and the Small length of material cut at each sti'okc thereof; the prevention ot distortion of the material by the construction and arrangement of the inclined supporting surfaces form-ed by the incline 7c and slots m, m1, and the curved verticalwalls adjacent to such inclined supporting surface.

Finally, the forms of construction described with refeience to the accompanying drawing are particularly strong and allow the manufacture of shears, of very reduced weight and volume capable of cuttingr relatively thick sheet-iron plates. The principles of our invention obviously are not limited to portable shears such as herein disclosed but are equally applicable to the manufacture of y fixed shears, the material to be cut being then driven by the movable blade.

Finally, it is possible to manufacture, according to the principle of the invention, shears adapted to cut any sheet material other than sheet-iron (sheetl metals, fibres, cardboard, leather, etc.) capable of being cut by the crossing of two blades.

The above arrangements are,of course., given by way of example only; the forms, proportions and dimensions may vary according to circumstances without departing from the principle of the invention. f'

Claims:

1. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials comprising: a frame,-- guide handles,-two parallel cheeks formed in the said frame,-a hook at the base of the frame,-a fixed blade of the shears, obliquely secured at the end of this hook,-a drivinfr shaft journalled in the said cheeks, a centrati eccentric bearingon the said shaft and situated in the interval separating the said cheeks, a. blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade,-

a movable blade secured in an inclined position at the hase of this b1ade-carrier,-means for imparting to this movable blade, simultaneously with the above reciprocating movement, a reciprocating movement inthe direction of advance and recoil of the shears,- means permitting to turn the shears, during the cutting operation, on the material to be cut, in very small radii for cutting out curved outlines,-means for guiding and releasing the material cut without Adistorting the same.

a the latter,

lo chceks,-a blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade,- a movable blade secured in an inclined position at the base of this blade-carrier,-a second shaft, parallel to the driving shaft and rocking m the cheelrsof the frame, an extcnsion ofthe movable blade-carrier engaging with this second rocking shaft and sliding on meansv permitting to turn the shears, during the cutting operation, on-the material to be cut, in very small radii for cutting out curved outlinesmeans for guiding and releasing the material cut without disd torting .the same.

3. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials comprising: a frame, guide handles, two parallel cheeks formed in the said frame, a hook at the base of the frame, a fixed blade of the shears, obliquely secured at the end of this hook, a driving shaft journalled in the said cheeks, a central eccentric bearing on the said shaft and situated in the interval separating the said cheeks, a

blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade, a movable blade secured in an inclined position at the 4a base of this blade-carrier, a second shaft, parallel to the driving shaft and rocking in the cheeks of the frame, an extension of the movable blade-carrier engaging with this second 'rocking shaft and sliding on the latter, said frame being provided with two superposed grooves, a vertical wall, curved in the bottom of these grooves, the said vertical walls being symmetrically arranged relatively7 to th vertical middle plane of the shears, with poi t of tangency slightly in front of the apex of the angleformed by the two blades of the shears, means for guiding and releasing the material eut without distorting the same.

4. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials comprising: a frame,

guide handles, two parallel cheeks formed in the said frame, aahook at the'base of the frame, a fixed blade of the shears.l obliquely secured at the end of this hook, a driving shaft journalled in the said cheeks, a central eccentric bearing on the said shaft and situated inthe interval separating the said cheeks, a bladecarrier mounted on the central bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from thelatter a reciprocatingr movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade, a movable blade secured in an inclined position at the base of this blade-carrier, a second shaft, parallel to the driving shaftand rocking in the cheeks of the frame, an extension of the movable bladecarrier engaging with this `secondroeking shaft and imparting to the movable blade, simultaneously with the reciprocating movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade, a reciprocating movement of advance and recoil, said frame being provided with two superposed grooves, a vertical wall, curved in the bottom of these grooves, the said vertical walls being symmetrically arranged relatively to the vertical middle plane of the shears, with point of tangency slightly in front of the apex of the angle formed by the two blades of the shears, these two grooves permitting to turn the shears on the material to be cut-for obtaining the cutting out of curved outlines, the said grooves forming together an angle opposed at the apex to the cutting angle of the blades for allowing4 to release the material eut and to avoid its distortion.

5. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a frame provided with a pair of oppositely inclined supporting surfaces for the eut portions of the sheet, a` stationary blade secured to said frame, a movable blade, said frame being further provided with guideways for said movable blade, and'driving mechanism A connected with said movable blade for imparting thereto a movement towards and from said stationary blade during which any point of the cutting edge of said movable blade describes a substantially elliptical path.

6. In a shears for cutting sheet material,

a pair of overlapping, cutting blades having their cutting edges forming van acute angle, one of said blades being fixed, means for giving the other blade. a combined closing and drawing-in movement, and an acute-angled wedge located behind the cutting blades to separate the cut portions of the sheet material into different planes to permit relative turning of the blades and sheet material during the operation of the movable blade.

7, In a shears for cutting sheet material, a pair of cutting blades, one of which is mova-` ble relatively to the other, and driving mechanism for imparting to said one blade a movement towards and from 'the other during which any point of the cutting edge of said one blade describes va substantially elliptical path.

8. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a

'supporting framework, a pair rof cutting` blades, mounted on said framework in Juxtaposed relationship with their cutting edges forming an acute angle, one of said blades being mounted for movement relatively to the other, driving mechanism connected with said movable blade for imparting thereto a movement towards and from the Stationary llO edge of said movable blade describes a comi bined horizontal and vertical reciprocation,

and a` pair of work supporting surfaces ex-` .tending rearwardly from a point adjacent to the apex of the angle formed by the cutting edges of said blade, andy substantially parallel with said cutting edges.

9. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a supporting framework, a pair of cutting blades, mounted on said framework in juxtaposed relationship with their cutting edges forming an acute angle, one of said blades being mounted for movement relatively to the other, driving mechanism connected with said movable blade for imparting thereto a movement towards and from the stationary blade during which any point of the cutting edge of said movable blade describes a combined horizontal and vertical reciprocation, a pair of work supporting surfaces extending rearwardly from a point adjacent to the apex of the angle formed by the cutting edges of said blade, and substantially parallel with said cutting edges, and a pair of oppositely curved diverging guiding surfaces adjacent to said work supporting surfaces, said guiding surfaces having their point of tangency adjacent to the apex ofthe angle of said cutting blades.

10. A. shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials, comprising: a frame,- two parallel cheeks formed in the said frame, -a hook on the frame,--a fixed blade of the shears obliquely secured at the end of this hook,-a driving shaft ournalled in the said cheeks,-a central eccentric bearing on the said shaft and situated in the interval separating the said cheeks,-a blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade,-a movable blade secured in an inclined position at the end of this blade-carrie1',-means for imparting to this movable blade, simultaneously with the above reciprocating movement, a. reciprocating movement in the direction of the relative advance and recoil of the shears and' the material to be eut,-means permitting relative turning of the shears andthe material to becut, during the cutting-operation, in very small radii for cuttingl out curved outlines,-

means for guiding and releasing the material cut without distorting the same.

11. A shears for'cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials, comprising: a frame,- tvvo parallel cheeks formed in the said frame, -a hook on the frame,-a fixed blade of the shears, obliquely securted to this hook-, -a driving shaft journalled in the frame, an eccentric bearing on the said shaft and situated in the interval separating the said cheeks,-a

. blade-carrierconnected to the eccentric bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from the latter a reciprocatinol movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade,a movable blade secured to this blade-carrier in an inclined pos1tion,-m`cans for imparting to this movable blade, simultaneously with the above reciprocating movement, a reciprocating movement in the direction of the relative advance and recoil ofy the shears and the material to be cut,-means permitting relative turning of the shears and the material to be cut, during the cutting operation, in very small radiifor cutting out curved outlines,-means for guiding and releasing the material cut without distortingthe same.

12. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials, comprising: a frame,-

' two parallel Vcheeks 'formed in the said frame,

a fixed blade of the shears secured to the frame,-a driving shaft journalled in the said frame,-an eccentric bearing on the said shaft and situated in the interval separating the said cheeks,a blade-carrier-connected to the' eccentric bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade,-a movable blade secured to this blade-carrier having a cutting edge intersccting the cutting edge of the fixed blade .at an acute angle, means for imparting to the cutting edge of this movable blade, simultaneously. with its movement toward the fixed blade, a longitudinal movement towards the apex of said angle,-the frame being formed to permit the introduction of the material to be eut between the fixed and movable blades.

13. In a shears, a frame providing opposed parallel cheeks, a fixed shear blade mounted on said frame with its cutting edge beyond the periphery of said cheeks, a blade carrying plate located between said cheeks and guided thereby, a movable blade mounted on said carrying plate, and roverlapping said. fixed blade With its cutting edge at an acute angle to the cutting edge thereof, means for oscillating said blade carrying plate so as to cause an intermediate part only of the cutting edge of said movable blade to cross and re-cross the cutting edge of said fixed blade, and means engaging the blade carrier for guiding the oscillation of the movable blade in such direction that it has a component parallel to its cutting edge as Well as a component perpendicular thereto. l

14. In a shears for cutting sheet material, the combination of a frame providing two parallel cheeks, a fixed blade mounted on said frame, a blade carryingplate located between the cheeks of the frame and guided thereby, a cutting blade secured tosaid carry- -ing plate and in overlapping relation with said fixed blade, means for oscillating said carrying plate engaging the plate at a point spaced from said blade along a line substantially perpendicular to and intersecting the edge of the blade, and a pivot fixed in said edge of the fixed blade, and a rigid frame. formed to provide a guideway embracing theA carlsier of the movable blade and a rigid support for the fixed blade and to provide guiding means With clearance space extending rearwardly and outwardly from the apex of the angle formedl by the cutting edges of the blades to permit relative turning of the blades and the sheet metal during the operation of the movable blade.

16. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a pair of cutting blades, one of Which is movable relatively to the other, and drivingmechanism for imparting to said one blade a movement towards and from the other during Which any point of the cutting edge of said one blade describes an elongated curved closed path.

` The foregoing specication of our shears signed by us this 29th day of July, 1925, and this 3rd day of May, 192

FRANCOIS ALEXIS HENRI DESCHTRES. HUBERT GASTON RAPHAEL VULLIE'I'.

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