USRE16598E - Electrodeposition of chromium - Google Patents
Electrodeposition of chromium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE16598E USRE16598E US16598DE USRE16598E US RE16598 E USRE16598 E US RE16598E US 16598D E US16598D E US 16598DE US RE16598 E USRE16598 E US RE16598E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- bath
- anodes
- fluorid
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
Definitions
- electrolyte I employ an aqueous solution of chromic acid to which has been added a small quantity of a fluorid, such as chromium, iron, ammonium or fluorid.
- a fluorid such as chromium, iron, ammonium or fluorid.
- the electrolyte is preferably free from stron mineral acids such as sulphuric and hydroc loric.
- To prepare the electrolyte I merely dissolve pure chromic acid in water inthe proportion of about 200 to 600 grams per liter of solution, and add about 10 to 50 grams of sodium fluorid or an amount of another metal fluorid containing an equal quantity of fluorin to each liter of the. solution.
- the electrolyte of my invention can be used in conjunction with insoluble anodes sodium' 9, 1926. Serial No. 101,000.
- the two anodes may be introduced into the circuit alternately for such periods as will not permit the chromium content of the bath to rise above or fall below thedesired range, but I prefer to connect the two anodes electrically in parallel and immerse them in the bath simultaneously. It is impossible tociency have often been observed.
- the replacement of about five-sixths of the anode surface -with insoluble material, such as lead, is therefore indicated, and has been found to give good results
- the best ratio may, however, be considerably more or less than this, particularly when the total anode surface is not approximately equal to the cathode surface.
- chromic acid 10 to 50 grams of an alkali metal fiuorid, and being substantially free from acids other than chromic.
- Process of electrodepositing chromium from a bath containing chromic acid which comprises passing the depositing current into the bath through a soluble anode containing chromium, and an insoluble anode, and adjusting the distribution of the current between the two anodes to maintain an efficient concentration of chromium'in the bath.
- Process of electrodepositing chromium from a bath containing chromic acid which comprises passing the depositing current into the bath simultaneously through a soluble anode containing chromium, and an insoluble anode, and adjusting the surfaces of the twoanodes to maintain an efiicient concentration of chromium in the bath.
- Process of elcctrodepositing chromium from a bath containing chromic acid and an alkali metal fiuorid which comprises paming the depositing current into the bath through a soluble anode containing chromium, and an insoluble anode, and adjusting the surfaces of the two anodes and the times of their immersion to maintain an ture.
Description
Reiaued- Apr. I 19,
UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE- I cnnnarinuncnan, or sr. Louis, inssoun'r, asslonon T nLnc'rno METALLURGICAL I 7 COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.
nLnc'rnonErosrrIon or canonical.
i No- Pfawing. Original tion for reissue filed April ,fllfhis invention .is a process ,for electro do ositing chromium. The object is to provide an improved process easier of execution and. capable of giving deposits of better quality. This object is attained by the use of an electrolyte of novel composition. A
novel arrangement; of anodes is also included in the invention.
As electrolyte I employ an aqueous solution of chromic acid to which has been added a small quantity of a fluorid, such as chromium, iron, ammonium or fluorid. The electrolyte is preferably free from stron mineral acids such as sulphuric and hydroc loric.
To prepare the electrolyte I merely dissolve pure chromic acid in water inthe proportion of about 200 to 600 grams per liter of solution, and add about 10 to 50 grams of sodium fluorid or an amount of another metal fluorid containing an equal quantity of fluorin to each liter of the. solution.
Very good results have been obtainedwith an electrolyte containing 300 grams of CrO per liter. The deposition ma be carried out at room temperature or a ove. Temperatures below 50 C. are preferred. Cathode current densities of 50 to 300 amperes per square foot have given good results. I
If a small amount of sulphuric acid is added to electrolyte prepared as described above, the electrolyte does not become totally inoperative, but the current efiiciency is greatly diminished, at times falling to less than half its former value. I therefore I prefer to exclude sulphuric acid from the a-th. .Hydrofluoric acid is not the equiva-' lent of a metal fluorid in the present invention. Two baths of the same chromium concentration, to which the same amount of fluorin had been added, in one case as sodium fluorid and in the other case as hydrofluoric acid, were compared. The current efficiency of the sodium fluorid bath was almost double that of the other bath while the voltage required was much less than half. The bath containing hydrofluoric acid "accordingly consumed more than four times.
as much power per gram of chromium deposited.
The electrolyte of my invention can be used in conjunction with insoluble anodes sodium' 9, 1926. Serial No. 101,000.
of materials such as lead and lead peroxid. It is of course necessary to re lenish the bath from time to time with a ditions of chromic acid. In attempting to operate with chromium anodes, I have found that the current efliciency at the anode great-1y exceeds that at the cathode, causing the chromium content of the bath to increase continuousl raising the voltage, and diminishing t e current eiiiciency. The same effect has been observed with other electrolytes proposed for the deposition of chromium. I avoid this difficult by the use of both insoluble anodes and so uble'chromium anodes.
The two anodes may be introduced into the circuit alternately for such periods as will not permit the chromium content of the bath to rise above or fall below thedesired range, but I prefer to connect the two anodes electrically in parallel and immerse them in the bath simultaneously. It is impossible tociency have often been observed. The replacement of about five-sixths of the anode surface -with insoluble material, such as lead, is therefore indicated, and has been found to give good results The best ratio may, however, be considerably more or less than this, particularly when the total anode surface is not approximately equal to the cathode surface.
Having now described my claim:-
1. A bath for electrodepositing chromium, containing chromic acid in excess and a soluble metal fluorid, and being substantially' free from acids other than chromic.
2. A bath for electrodepositing chromium containing per liter 200 to 600 grams of invention, I
chromic acid and 10 to 50 grams of an alkali metal fiuorid, and being substantially free from acids other than chromic.
'3. A bath for electrodepositing chromium containing chromic acid and 10 to 50 grams of sodium fluorid per liter. and being substantially free from acids other than chromic, and from sulphates.
4. Process of electrodepositing chromium from a bath containing chromic acid which comprises passing the depositing current into the bath through a soluble anode containing chromium, and an insoluble anode, and adjusting the distribution of the current between the two anodes to maintain an efficient concentration of chromium'in the bath.
5. Process of electrodepositing chromium from a bath containing chromic acid which comprises passing the depositing current into the bath simultaneously through a soluble anode containing chromium, and an insoluble anode, and adjusting the surfaces of the twoanodes to maintain an efiicient concentration of chromium in the bath.
sms
6, Process according to claim 5 in which the insoluble anode contains lead.
7. Process of elcctrodepositing chromium from a bath containing chromic acid and an alkali metal fiuorid, which comprises paming the depositing current into the bath through a soluble anode containing chromium, and an insoluble anode, and adjusting the surfaces of the two anodes and the times of their immersion to maintain an ture.
CARL HAMBUECHEN.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE16598E true USRE16598E (en) | 1927-04-19 |
Family
ID=2078367
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16598D Expired USRE16598E (en) | Electrodeposition of chromium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USRE16598E (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2517441A (en) * | 1945-07-09 | 1950-08-01 | Ductile Chrome Process Co | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| US2673836A (en) * | 1950-11-22 | 1954-03-30 | United States Steel Corp | Continuous electrolytic pickling and tin plating of steel strip |
| US2841541A (en) * | 1955-10-28 | 1958-07-01 | Diamond Alkali Co | Chemical composition for chromium plating |
-
0
- US US16598D patent/USRE16598E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2517441A (en) * | 1945-07-09 | 1950-08-01 | Ductile Chrome Process Co | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| US2673836A (en) * | 1950-11-22 | 1954-03-30 | United States Steel Corp | Continuous electrolytic pickling and tin plating of steel strip |
| US2841541A (en) * | 1955-10-28 | 1958-07-01 | Diamond Alkali Co | Chemical composition for chromium plating |
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