USRE16048E - Herbert hamilton scott and george mcintosh scott - Google Patents

Description

mamas. 21,1925.

UNITED -s'rarssrarsu'r orr cs.

-mnnnr namu'ron' sco'r'r Ann ononoa mern'rosn soon, or nonnon, NGLAND.

, PRODUCTION O11 SHOW CARDS, ADVERTISEMENTS, SIGNS, DECORATIONS, OR THE v LIKE DY STENCILING. 4 a

' Io sw g. Original m. 1,516,065, dated November 18, 1924, Serial a... 627,932, filed March as, 192:.

Application for reissue filed March 12, 1925. Serial No. 15,122.

I To all whom it concern:

/ Be it known that. HERBERT HAMmroN Sco n: and Gnoncn MoIN'rosH Soo'rr, subjects of the King of Great Britain, residing at 45 5 Kingsway, London, W. C. 2, England, have invented certain new and useful Improve- 'ments.Relating tothe Production of Show Cards, Advertisements, Signs, Decorations, or the like by' Stenciling, of which the fol- D lowing is a specification.

This invention relates to the production of showcards, advertisements, s1gns,'decorations or other decorative articles by stenciling, the chief object being to enable vitreous enamel metal signs and t e like to be manufactured commercially in large numbers in a re id, inexpensive'and simple manner.

H therto the commercial production of vitreous. enamel metal signs, particularly signs with complicated or multi-colored designs or lettering thereon, has been limited owing to the many operations and great labor and expense involved in the method of production hitherto employed. The

drawback and limitations to printing methods with the aid of a litho-stone or zinc plate,the aerographing method, and the brushing out method are well known in the trade.

9 According to the present invention vitre-' ous enamel metal slgns or other decorative articles are produced by preparing ,a vitreous-enameling composition or aint of suitable consistency and drying c aracteristics,

applying the composition to a vitreous surface to be decorated by means of a screen or stencil of silk or other meshed material having permeable and impermeable portions, and finally heating the article so treated I to a. temperature sufiicient to cause fusion ofthe vitreous composition; In the prepara- T tion of the palnt or composition finely-v ound quartz-like enamel v013..enamel frit is used as the holly orfbase which is colored as re uired b ename ing oxi es of commerce and worked up to a suitable consistency to pass through the meshes of the stencil employed. The fineness of the; powdered :materials should be as great .as is'necessary to enable thecompo'sition to pass through the meshes j of the stencil and the materials should there fore'be capable in their dry unmixed state means of the powdered of passin through a. screen of sli htly finer mesh. e have found-that a neness '.0f powder corresponding to two hundred meshes to the square inch gives satisfactory I results. The stencil used with such powder would have aboutl30 to MO'meshes to the square inch, but the fineness of powder used depends to some extent on the'amount of detail to be shown on the metal sign.

In working up the powdered quartz-like enamel or enamel frit and oxide mixture into a suitable pasty mass a liquid mustbe used that will not permit of too rapid drying, and yet' can eventually be dried completely without causingjthe surface to be spoilt by bubbles or otherwise when the article is subjected to the enamel fusing temperature. We have found that liquid of an oily character should be used. For example we have found thata mixture com posed of one part by'volume of turpentine,-

1 part by volume of beeswax, and 8 parts by volume of parafiin oil gives excellent results. This oily mixture is taken and mixed with approximately three-times its weightof the quartz-like enamel or enamel frit and oxide mixture and the whole is ground in a so speaking varies-from 4 to 20 per cent. The; pasty composition is effectively and simpl'y'-" applied by pressing it through the meshes of the stencil by means of a squeegee. After stenciling the vitreous enamel metal sheets as above described we may first heat them suflicientlyto dryout the oily medium and then heatthem-ih a mufile furnace or otherwise to la. temperature sufiiciently hi h.-.to cause fusion of the vitreous enamel ack ound with the vitreous composition applied through the stencil, for example from say about 600 to 10009 C. xdependln upon the nature of the composition. We t ereb obtain-real vitreous enamel sheet metal a vertising signs or the like. I In carrying out our process particular at-"- tention is directed to the coo erative eflect between the vitreous paste wit oily medium U and the permeable mesh portion of the stencil. In being pressed through the mesh, the vitreous paste is divided up into numerous small particles and so deposited on the enamel base, and remains thus divided to enable the volatile matter to readily pass off. Upon .being' subjected to heat, all the ingradients of the paste except the vitreous portion, are readil driven off at a temperature below thatof the fusion point of the vitreous matter. As a result, when subjected to the fusing temperature, the vitreous articles of the paste are fused into a continuous smooth layer on the enamel base,

and are not subjected to the action of volatile matter being driven off. 1 Were the paste td be put on. through a cut stencil having ties and. Without any mesh,'it could not be evenly applied, and furthermore, upon being subjected to heat, the volatile matters in the paste could not be so readily driven off since the paste would not be in a'finely divided state due to passage through stencil meshes. As a result the finished product would be rough and uneven, due both to the imperfect a plication, and to the driving ofi of volati e substances during the fusion of the vitreous material.

B passing the vitreous paste through a me st'encil',.the mesh of the stencil so modifies the condition of the paste as deposited on the base that the stenciled plate can befired to produce a smooth, even, and highly glazed product.-

' In producing man-y designs a .cut stencil having ties cannot be employed, but it is necessary to use a mesh stencih lVith" a,

mesh stencil, however, dry vitreous material cannot be dusted through the mesh. There was a problem to be solved in getting the ground vitreousv enamel through a mesh stencil in a satisfactory manner for vdesign purposes. As ointed out, the vehicle or carrier with w ich the vitreous enamel is mixed had to be a substance which would enable the vitreous enamel to be readily passed through the mesh and not dry out' too rapidly or clog the mesh, because the mesh stencil for practical operation must be p to used a number of times withgut having to be cleaned. We found that-oils would enable the vitreous enamel to be passed through thehmesh-without clogging; but the presence of any loil orgrease in vitreous enamel has been regarded as fatal to the.

production of. a perfect vitreous enamel sur:

' ace,.becau se the products of combustion from such oil or grease passing through the" enamel, when fused caused blisters or pitting, -so much so fllat'in: vitreous enamel factories great. care has always been-exermedium was mixedto a pasty consistency and (passed through the mesh, the paste woul' be appliedto-the surface small separated particles as stated, which will not run together, .thus enabling the volatile matter to pass off freelv without blistering the enameL.

We have thus provided a volatilizable pasty medium for the particles of vitreous material and thus made possible the use of a mesh stencil with avitreous enamel. Further, the action of the mesh of the sten-' oil on the vitreous paste results in depositing the paste on thebase in a condition suchthat heating of the product will drive off the medium portion of the paste and leave only the vitreousparticles when the fusing temperature has been \reached. Thus the 'medium portion of the paste permits use of a mesh stencil for vitreous enamel work, and the action of the mesh on the paste permits firing of-the product so that very satisfactory results are attained, a

The manufacture of vitreous enamel signs i enamel surface and the lettering or designs I consisting of metal plates having a vitreous be applied and quickly dried'ready for the application of the next color, the actual fus- 1 ing of the colors if they do not overlap being carried out in a single final fusing operation. With some vitreous enamels if it were attempted to fire the article toenamel fusing temperature, after the application of each color of a three of more color design, the enamel would be over firedjand deteriorated. Accordingto our process, the stencils last a. considerable time before becoming defective throughwear and no technical skill or special plant such as is required for lithograph work is necessary in using the stencils.

Vitreous enamel-metal signs and they like manufactured in accordance with our in'-' vention are as durable as ordinary enamel ware and will withstand rough usage and weather changes fora great length of time without deterioration.

Whatweclaim-isa Y ,1. Method of producing designs upon a vitreous surface which comprises taking a pasty vitrefiable enamel composition conasubdivided formupon said surface unti 3 heated, placing a fine mesh stencil onto the vitreous'surface and forcing said composition through the mesh portion of the stencil onto the vitreous surface, whereby the composition will be applied to the design portion of the surface in subdivided form and finally heating the article to an enamelfusing temperature.

2. Method of producing designs upona vitreous surface which comprises placing a fine mesh stencil onto the vitreous surface and taking a pasty composition containing a fipely'ground enamel frit and an oily carrier and forcing said composition through themesh portion of the stencil onto the vitreous surface, whereby the composition" will be applied to the design portion 'of the surface in subdivided form, and finally heating the article to an enamel-fusing temperature. v

3. Method of producingmulti-colored vitreous enamel designs and other decoraponent color of the design, forcin tive articles which comprises successively applying component parts of a design of different colors to a vitreous enamel surface by successively placing onto the vitreous enamel surface a mesh stencil for each comthrough the mesh portion of each stenci a pasty composition containing finely ground vitreous enamel frit and an oily carrier and of desired color, and between successive applications of such composition to the surface,

drying the component of the design thus applied, at a temperature insufiicient to fuse the enamel of the composition, and finally heating to .anenamelfusin temperature the article bearing the m ti-colored de- 1 In testimony whereof we have signed 40 our names to th s specification.

* HERBERT HAMiLToN soo'rr.

GEORGE McINTOSH- SCOTT.