USRE12961E - Camp oven - Google Patents

Description

W. H. HART.

CAMP OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 3, 1909.

Reissued May 25,1909; I v 12,961.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

( 11: we 11 to:

I 611150 mwgo 1 2,961. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W. H. HART.

CAMP OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED BBB. 3, 1909. Reissued May 25, 1909.

W. H. HART.

CAMP OVEN.

APPLICATION I ILBD'PEB. a, 1909.

Reissued May 25, 1909.

UNITED sTA Ias-P TEN o r 'IoE.

WILLIAM H. HART, OF THE UNITED STATESA RMY, ASSIGNOR OF oNIf-HALrTo HARRY B. LEAIRY, or WASHINGTON, msrarcr OF'COLUMBIA.

CAMP-OVEN.

Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Reisaued. May 26, 1909.

Original No. 898,641, dated September 15, 1908, Serial No. 489,577. Application for reissue filed February 8, 1909.

Serial No. 475,940. I

To all whom ttinoy concern: a r

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM H. HART, majp' in the United States Army, stationed at ashington, District of Columbia, .but

temporarily of Aldershot, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Camp-Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

The resent invention is a portable oven which Is adapted generally for outdoor use and particularly for baking bread or other foods in large quantities for military encampments.

The preferred form of the invention embodies an oven which can be taken apart and packed in small space for transportation.

All parts of the oven are light and portable and if desired the oven can be easily trans-' orted without taking it apart. It will owever be evident that for the particular purposes to which this oven-is designed, its ada tability for 1 being disconnected and pac ed-in small space is quite important.

The invention will be'described in'connection with the accompanying drawing, in,

which, i v v Figure 1 is a front view of the improved oven, the ground upon which it-rests being shown in section on a vertical plane just in front of the oven; is a vertical lon itudinal section on the-line 2 of Fig. 1, t e earth covering the oven being omitted; Fig. 3 is a plan view, parts of the upper and lower-top plates beingbroken away; Fig. 4, is a detail showing a form of latch for connecting the sides of the oven; Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5 of Fiig 2; Fig; 6 is a detail showing the supports rthe bot-torn. of the oven;.and Fig. 71s a-section on the line 7 of Fig. 2.

.The oven forming the subject of this invention is adapted to sit directly upon the ground and is not provided with any of the features of a stove excepting that a draft door is'preferably used to control the draft.

Aj shallow opemng-in the earth, about as wide and as long as the oven, and deep enough to contain the fuel, serves thepur-e ose of a stove for'producing the-necessary heat and the oven rests directly upon the ground at the margin of this opening. The

oven'is arranged so that the heat from the fire passes upward through hollow walls at E fastenings for keeping ,the'ni' vclosed while the sides, back and front and across the top 1, baking.

to one or more chimney openings or outlets for the gases. '1

The entire inner wall of the oven, 'top, bottom and sides, with the exception of the space for the oven doors, is rotected from uneven heating, preferably y a filling or covering of earth or sand, which can be readily obtained, and the walls of the oven arethus uniformly heated, as is necessary for even baking. I

Referrin to the drawing, 1.0 indicates the surface of t e earth and 11 a fire pit or shallow excavation conforming in area tothe area of the bottom of the oven. The lower edges of the outer walls of the oven arc preferably provided with flanges 12- adapled to rest-on the edges of the pit and thus support the oven upon the surface of the earth.

. The side walls A and rear walls B- of the oven are preferably constructed as illustrated in Figs. 2 an 3, referring (O which 13 indicates an outer wall, 14 an intermediate wall and 1.5 an inner walL- These walls are preferably constructed of sheet metal and they are spaced apart and connected togather-in any suitable manner. As shown particularly in Fig. 5, the walls are s aced apart by tubes 16 and connected by he ts 17 passing through the tubes. At the corners of the oven the outer, inner and intermediate walls are brought together and suitably connected, a's shown at 18 in Figs. and 5.

Each of the sides of the oven and the back is thus an. integral structure having an inclosed space 19 through which==the hot gases circulate and an inclosed space 20 which is preferably filled'with earth, sand or other suitable non-combustible material adapted to prevent overheating of the oven in spots anr cause the heat to be uniformly distributedoverits walls. As shown iii-Fig.

.2, the flue space 19 in the vertical walls is .open at the bottom to the fire pit'and' open at the toptoan-inteispace 21 in the top of the oven, heat may thus pass up through the spaces 1 1-9 uniforxnly on the back and sides oftheoven. I,

i The front C of the oven preferably provided with a series of doors- 22v for convenient access to the interior shelves 23. These doors may be of any suitable construction and are provided with latches or On each side of the doors the front wall is constructed in the same manner as the side walls, as shown ll1 Fig. 5, and the same reference figures have been applied. \Vhen assembled the edges of the various walls are detachably connected at' the corners of the oVen,'b \-"some suitable means.

As shown in the drawing; latches 24 are connected to angle irons 26 which are attached to the front and rear walls and overlap the edges of the side walls.

at each corner.-

The top of the oven consists ot one or more outer plates 27 suitably stiffened by ribs 28 and provided with one or more flanged openlugs 29 to whichortlinarv stove pipes 30 may be readily connected. The top plates 27 may be simplv laid on the upper edges of the outer Walls 13 or may be suitably supported on brackets or flanges secured tosaid outer walls. The topis composed of imier and outer walls, the inner wall 3] being composed of-plates of suitable strength resting the closed on all sides by the earth, excepting on the-inner. vertical walls 15, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The intermediate walLs 14 are preferably higher than the inner walls 15 and lower than the outer walls 13. .The gases passing upthrough. the flue spaces 19 arefth'us permitted'to pass over the inter mediatewallswnd over the top of the oven utlets At the bottom of the oven he outer and intermediate walls exten .rpreferably to the surface of the ground while the, inner wall terminates at some dist nee above the surface level, as shown in 1 I. 12. ,The bottom of the oven consists of su table plates 32 supported by the intermediate walls of the oven a-pproxinmtely at ground level. As shown in Figs. and 6.

)ottom consists of four plates 32 provided with stiffening llanges33 and these plates are detachably supported upon flanges 34 connected to the intermediate walls H, a bar 35 extending between the side walls and'bars iiti' supported at their inner ends 50 by the bar 35'and atthcir outer ends by the front and rear walls of the oven respectively. It will be understood that the lire pita 1 I,

for a narrow opening-at the front which is ferably closed by a suitable door 37 inch can be readily opened or removed for the purpose of inserting" fuel and which is provided with asuitable draft opening and damper ,for e ulating the draft As shown, the door is sup 'orted in placeby hooks 3.) which engaget 1e lower edgeofthe front of the oiern As shown particularly in Fig. the inner wall of the top of the oven 31 is preferably covered with I occupied by the doors.

By the construction shown the foursides of the oven can be securelv. connected b v a single latch scribed, are especially.desirable on accoul t of their lightness stand the necessa Y V material warping" 01L stinger distortion rear wall B and the front wall see cone oos'c cart or sand Til) topref vent it from becoming burned out'or overheated. The spaces 20 in the side. rear and. front walls, are preferably filled with a simila-r substance and the bottom 32 is similarly covered. A sufficient amount of, earth or sand or other suitable material may be placed in the bottom to support the material in the sidewalls and thus a continuous wall of the material 40 is formed over the entire surface of the oven excepting only the space in front The covering on the bottom 32 is preferably deeper than over the other walls as the bottom subjected to the direct heat of the fire.

It will be understood that asbestos or other fire resisting material may be substituted for the earth or sand above referred to but a coveringof the latter material is preferred as it may be thrown away whenthe oven is to be transported and replaced by new 'ma-v terial of the same kind without expense when the oven isagain setup. In some instances the oven might be used withoutany of the heat distributing material 40, the air in the spaces occupied by said material being relied upon, but the air is manifestly not so good, eitherto prevent uneven heating or burning of the walls as a covering of sand or similar material. I

In order'to prevent radiation of heat from the outer walls, the oven is preferably covered on top, sides and back with earth or sand 41, as illustrated in Fig. l. A onsiderable amount of material is used in this covering and radiation from the walls'of the oven may thus be almost entirely prevented. This earth embankment also assists in holding the sides and ends of the oven securely in. place and it closes all of the joints at the cor ners. It has been demonstrated that an oven built as illustrated and described herein can be set. up in camp and thoroughly heated ready for baking in about two hours.

In ovens of the class to which this invention appertains, it is verydcsirablc that the walls should be aslight as possible while at the same time providing the necessary ltue s nice to permitthe hot gases to pass through tiem. alt is a-lsg-desiral'ile, although, not always essential, that the walls should be detachably connected togetherin order that they may be taken apartand packed in small compass for transportation. The walls of. the oven hereinshown and dear d tliefi ct that the}? will ieatft ,iaking without,

of the lines. These. latter qualities are; d to the fact that the sev'eral shems of met constituting each of theside. walls A,, t]

nectefd at frequentLintervals throughout their t area. lt is particularly desirable that the, plates or walls inclosing the tlucsm' spa.

should be braced throughout their area and this bracing can best be performed by 0011- necting the walls together at intervals as shown in the drawing. The particular degvices shown and described for connecting tlre inner and outer walls of the fines are well adapted for the purpose, as has been"demon-- fore described inorder that they -may' be strated but it will be evident that the plates which orm the walls may be spaced-apart and connected together in any suitableman arts constituting each wall *section A, B, /,T are permanently connected and each sectionfimay ,be handled as an integral piece of the i'oven structure. *It is desirable in. large a paratusth at the wall-sections should be etachably connected, as heretopacked insmall space forstorage or transused largel forkcOokhg m itismot so essentia that thegsidesbe separabl ia dz in some instances they maybe so connected: that the oven ma -be transported bodily.

It will bewevi ent that y omitting the earth coveringfrom the top of the ovenythe.

upper top plate can be used for cooking pur-- poses,be1ng then, in :efl'ect the equivalent of l the to of a stoven- Itx'Will alsobe evident that t is' improvedoven can be fired continuously and a second batch of bread placed in it as soon as the first is baked. In other words, the oven is of maximum capacity and can be used to-supply bread and do other cooking for a la I e number of men.

Having descri ed my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is,

1. A portable oven com rising an outer wall ada ted to rest upon t e round'at the margin 0? a fire pit, an intermerfiate wall supported by the outer wall, the space between said walls being adapted to receive and conduct the hot ases from the fire pit, an inner wall, a suitable bottom arranged over the fire pit, and a top having an interspace through which the gases pass to a suitable outlet. 4

2. A portable oven comprising an outer wall adapted to rest upon the'margin of a fire pit an intermediate wall, a bottom supportedy the intermediate wall, an inner wall, a

' let, the hot gases being adapted to circulate from the fire pit between the outer and intermediate walls and between, the upper and? lower top plates to said outlet.

3. A portable oven comprising an outer wall adapted to'rest upon the margin of a I fire pit, an intermediate wall,-a bottom supported by the intermediate wall, an inner wall, a lower top plate supported by the inner. wall, an upper top plate supported by distributing material. extending over the mediate walls, and over. the bottom. I 4. A portable oven com rising detachable sides, front back, top and )OttOIIl, the sides,

adapted to, rest upon the margin of a fire pit, anintermediate wall and an inner wall, the said walls being connected together at their vertical edges whereby separate heating fines are formed in the sides, back and front, and means for detachably connecting the sides, back and front.

5. oven' com rising side, front and rear. walls detacha ly. connected together and having flues for the passage of hot gases therethrough and a top having an interspace 4 in communication with said flues in combiportation. l'nwsmaller.apparatus, which 1s nation-with a fire pit beneath said oven and -a covering of earth or slmilar material over the sides, top and back pf the,o ven,-the said covering being adapted to retain the heat in the oven and close the joints thereof.. a 1-6. An oven comprisi an inner wall, an intermediate wallexten ing above and be- .low theinner wall, an :outer wall extending above the intermediate wall, a lower top plate supported by the ,inner wall, a bottom supported by the intermediate wall, an upper top plate supported by the outer wall and a layer of earthy material extending continuously over the .lower top plate, between the inner and intermediate walls, and over the bottom, whereby the heat passing from the fire pit upward through the flues 'between the intermediate and outer walls and between the lower and upper top plates is uniformly distributed over the oven.

7. Atportable oven having inclosing wall sections,.a .top having an interspace, and a suitable bottom, certain of the wall sections each comprising an outer wall or plate adapted to rest upon the ground, a second wall or plate within and separated from the outer wall to form an intermediateflue, the said flue conneotin at its lower end-with the fire space under tie oven-and at its upper end with the interspace of the top to permit the hot gases to circulate upward through the flueto the top, and means connecting and mutually bracing said plates at intervals throu hout their area.

sections, a top having an interspace, and a suitable bottom, certain of the wall sections 'each comprising an outer wallor plate adaptplate within and separated from the outer wall to form an intermediate flue, the said flue connecti atits lowerend with the fire space under t e oven and at its upper end with the interspace of the top to permit the hot, gases to circulate upward through the the outer wall, and a protecting layer of heat lower top plate, between the inner and inter front and back each having an outer wall 8. portable even having inclosingwall ed to rest upon the ground, a second wall or.

ing side, back and front wall-sections, each 5 V from the outer wall, the space ,between said space in communication with the upper;

flue t0 the top, and means connecting and mutually bracing said plates at intervals throughout their area, the wall sections, top and bottom being detachable to' permit of 4 compact arrangement for transportation.

9. A rectangular portable oven comprisof which includes a plurality of metal plates, with an intermediate flue having upper and lower. openings, and a top having an interopenings of said flues, the adjacent plates of said wall-sections being connected throughout their area, for the purpose set forth.

10. A portable oven comprising an outer wall adapted to rest upon the ground at the margin of a fire pit, a second wall separated walls being adapted to receive and conduct the hot gases from the fire pit, means con necting and mutually bracingsaid walls at intervals'throughout their. area, a suitable bottom arranged over the fire pit, and a top for said oven. 11. A wall section for a portable oven, comprising an outer wall, an intermediate Wall and an inner wall spaced apart, and means connecting andmutuall bracing said walls at intervals throughout t eir area.

12. An oven comprising side, front and rear wallsconnected together and adapted to rest" upon the margin of an'open fire pit, and a plate closing the bottom of said oven above the fire pit,;the said side walls bei' provided with vertical heating flues adapts rectly from the fire pit.

In testimony whereof I' affix my signature in presence 0 two witnesses.

Witnesses:

H. D. JAMESON, Y R. T. WILLIAMS.

35 to receive the products of combustion di- WILLIAM H. nART. I

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