USRE12660E - Cartridge - Google Patents

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USRE12660E
USRE12660E US RE12660 E USRE12660 E US RE12660E
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
perforations
explosive
longitudinal
vents
mass
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English (en)
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Hudson Maxim
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  • My present application is a division of my application Sr. i ⁇ io'. 728,304-, namelyd- August 24, 1899.
  • the invention relates to cartridges, and more particularly to the explosive charge of the catridge, with special referencev to the construction of the units oiexplosi've inaterial lroni which said chargeV is or may be built up.
  • High explosives such as'guiicotton, explode by wave action or detonation rather' than by surface combustion of the' charge', and therefore the of explosion are all generated instantaneouslyy aiidthus subject the gun to destructive strains, while on the other hand certain explosives, suoli as smokeless powder7 are consumed iroin surface combustion only, and as a result lend themselves readily to the construction of acceleratiiipr cartridges.
  • the lat- -ter class of explosives in the use oil the lat- -ter class of explosives, however, it is essential that the combustion oi' the charge should be uniformly accelerated in order to avoid undue strain upon the gun and at the sanie time secure the highest ballistic eil'ects. Furthermore, in order to secure the i'ullbene'i'it of all the explosive comprising the charge it -is essential that comple-tion of combustion should occur simultaneously throughout every part of' the charge, ⁇ as otherwise particlesl of unconsunied explosive Will -be blown from the gun and wasted.
  • One of the main objects of the present invention is to provide an explosive charge for a cartridge in which the combustion oi' the charge shall be uniformly accelerated and the completion of the combustion occur simultaneously throughout the entire in ass of the explosive.
  • a further object is to secure accelerated Aand simultaneously-completed combustion in an explosive charge capable oi' maximum density oi loading, when this is desired, and to provide a chargefof such rigidity as to facilitate the loading operations or to enable the charge itself toV support Ythe projectile Without the crnpioyiiient of a'cartridge-sliell for that purpose, and, finally, the invention has for its object to generally improve the ,construction ci explosive charges for cartridges.
  • the invention consists oi an accelerating explosive charge .coniposed of a single unit or a plurality of lsuitably-assembled units of explosive material, each of which units 'consists of an inte- ⁇ gral :mass of explosive which explodes astlie result oi' surface combustion, preferably in the ⁇ forni of rods or bars, and having a plurality oi" longitudinal peiiorations constituting' flame passages so arranged as to provide substantially equal thicknesses of material between the lseveral perforations and a plurality of uniformly-disposed lateral vents for said longitudinal pei'forati ons.
  • the explosive By forming the explosive as an integral inass, with equal thicknesses of material between the several longitudinal perforations, l secure unifiirnily-acccleraled and, simultaricously-conipleted combustion throughout the mass oi explosive, and by providing' the suitornily-ilisposcil lateral vents l luard against the disruption and shattering into fragments of the mass of explosive by the pressure of the gases within the longitudinal l eriorations which shattcrinv' action is articularly liable vto occur in long; rods.
  • the charge for a cartridge may consist of 'a single unit ofthe explosive material thus formed or it may consist of a pluralityof su ⁇ ch units suitably united; but whether the charge be composed of a single unit or a plurality of such units the uniformly-accelerated and ysimultaneously-com leted combustion will in all cases be secured?
  • these units of explosive material are in the form of rods or bars ofsmokeless powder, the longitudinal perforations being formed inthe act of formin the rod or bar by stuiiing the materia through dies when in a plasticcondition and -the lateral vents being subsequently formed while the material is yet plastic.
  • rods or bars when suitably dried land freed from the solvent usually employed ⁇ to render the explosive plastic may have their surfaces coated with a non-explosive material , ⁇ there by confining the combustion of the ⁇ charge within the longitudinal perforations and lateral vents.
  • a non-explosive material ⁇ there by confining the combustion of the ⁇ charge within the longitudinal perforations and lateral vents.
  • the'thickness of material between the outer surface of the rod or bar and those longitudinal perforations lying nearest such outer surface may ybe substantially ⁇ equal to the thickness of material between the several perforations without interfering with the simultaneous completion of combustion heretofore referred to.
  • the thickness of material between such outer surface and the longitudinal perforations lyin nearest such surface should be but onealf ofA that of the material between the several perforations.
  • the material between the outer surface and the perforations burns in two directions the same as it does between two perforations, whereas in the coated rod the material between the outer surface and the perforations burns in but one direction--viz., outwardly from the perforations-and hence, the thickness of material between such surface and perfora- ⁇ tions is but one-half that between the perforations.
  • the thickness of material between such surface and perfora- ⁇ tions is but one-half that between the perforations.
  • Figure 1- is an end elevation,A partly in broken section, of a rod of explosive ⁇ material embodying my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a broken longitudinal section on the radial line 2
  • Fig. 1 is like views on the radial lines 3 and 4
  • Fig. 1,.respectively. 5 and 6 are end elevations, partly in sec tion, showing modified forms of perforations.
  • Fig. 7 is a view on a reduced scale of a plurality of said rods or bars assembled to form a single charge
  • Fig. 8 is a like view of a single rodor bar forming the entire charge and attached to and supporting the proj ectile.
  • Fig. 9 is a view of another modification.
  • 5 is a mass of explosive material, preferably a colloidal smokeless powder, here shown in the form of a cylindrical rod or bar, which mass 5 is provided with a plurality of longitudinally-ex tending'channels or perforations 6, so disposed throughout the mass of the explosive as to provide substantially equal thickness of the material between the several longitudlnal perforations and between the exterior surface of the mass 5 and the outer series of perforations 6.
  • a colloidal smokeless powder here shown in the form of a cylindrical rod or bar, which mass 5 is provided with a plurality of longitudinally-ex tending'channels or perforations 6, so disposed throughout the mass of the explosive as to provide substantially equal thickness of the material between the several longitudlnal perforations and between the exterior surface of the mass 5 and the outer series of perforations 6.
  • Each of the longitudinal perforations 6 is provided with a plurality of ateral vents 7, here shown as extending radi- -ally from the outer surface of the rod or bar to the central perforation 6, and in doing so may transect one, two or more of the perforations 6, as will be vunderstood from an in- Spection of Figs. l and 2, while other lateral vents 7 do not extend asvfar inward as the Figs.
  • FIG. 2 I have shown a series ofthese lateral vents 7, extending from the centralperforation 6 and transecting'three of the other longitudinal perforations, while in Fig. 3 is shown a series oflater'al vents 4which cut three of the longitu.dinalperforations, but do. not extend to the central erforatien.
  • Fig. 4 is shown a series of ce s 8, extending from the exterior surface of the rod or bar a short distance into the mass of explosive, but withoutcutting any of the longitudinal perforations 6.
  • Fig. 1 it Will be seen that the radial section-lines 3 and 4 both cut one of the perforations 6 adjacent to the 5 inner perforations and that the perforation lso out is vented through the series of vents 7 shown in Fig. 3.
  • the longitudinal perfora- 1tions 6 need not necessarily be of the form shown in. Fig. 1, but may be of any form in 1'o cross-scetioni desired, as cylindrical, triangular, or otherwise.
  • Figs. 5l and 6 I have shown rods or bars of smokeless powder, in which the longitudinal perforations surrounding the central perforations differ in form from those shown in Fig. 1.
  • the longitudinal perforations 9 are symmetrically disposed around .the central perforation 6.
  • These outer perforations 9 may have Walls parallel with the zo adjacent perforations and with the exterior of the rod. As shown, these perforations are three-sided, With their apices toward the center, and have lateral vents 10, While lat eralv 4vents 11 extend radially from the cen- 2 5 tral cylindrical perforation 6 to the exterior of the rod or bar.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a rod or bar of the explosive material similar to that shown in Fig.
  • the six outer I perforations 12 are four-sided, being provided with a wall parallel with the central circular perforation 6.
  • the lateral vents 1() and 11 extend outward from the respective longitudinal perforations, as in Fig. 5, and in some Yinstances I also form' cells 13, which extend from the inner Wall of the perforations 12 toward .or even into the central perforation 6.
  • Fig. 9 I have shown a rod or bar of ex- ;plosive having the central longitudinal perlo foration 6 and four symmetrically-arranged longitudinal perforations 15, Whose cross-sectional area exceeds that of the perforations of the forms shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 6.
  • the entire'charge is to be composed of a single unit or integral mass 5 ofthe explosive, it may be employed separate from the projectile or it may be iixedly attached thereto, as shown in ⁇ Fig. S, therebysecuring thev advantages of fixed' ammunition Without employing a cartridge-shell; but Whether at# tached to or separate from the projectile the mass of explosive material will be provided with the uniformly-disposed internal longi tudinal flame passages having equal thicknesses of material. between thenl, said llame passages having a plurality of uniformly-disposed lateral vents, as hercinbefore described. If desired, a plurality ofv these units or integral masses 5, 5, may be assembled to form a charge, as shown in Fig.
  • the longitudinal perforations may be minute in character and circular in cross-section, ⁇ as shown in my United States Patent No. 540,327, such perforations being, of course, provided with uniformly/'disposed lateral. vents, as hereinbefore described.
  • the material be in the form of an integral mass cr unit of ex plosive and that its character as such integral unit or mass be maintained until the instantof complete combustion in order that the acceleration of the oon'b preserved until the explosive entirely burned.
  • Any breaking or shattering" of the f J' l mass or unit into smaller particses WouidV cause instantaneous instead of progressive combustion.
  • the pressure of the gases confined in the longitudinal perforations would be such as to thus shatter the unit or mass of IOC IIO
  • vents not only act as channels for simultaneous completion of the combustion, which as before stated is essential.
  • An integral mass or unit of explosive material in the form of a-rod or har provided With a plurality of longitudinal perforations so disposed as to present substantially equal thicknesses of material between all the burning-surfaces, and a plurality of 'uniformlydisposed laterall vents for said longitudinal perforations.
  • An integral mass or unit of explosive material provided with a central longitudinal perforation and a plurality of 'other longitudinal perforations arranged around said central perforation, and a plurality of lateral vents which act to simultaneously vent both the central and the other longitudinal per- 6.
  • An integral mass or unitof explosive material provided with a central longitudinal perforationand a plurality of other longitudinal perforations symmetrically arranged around said central perforation, and a'plurality of lateral vents extending from said central perforation and transecting one or more of the other longitudinal perforations.
  • An integral mass or unit of explosive material provided with a plurality of longitudin al perforations, a plurality of lateral vents u to said longitudinal perforations and a plurality ofA laterally-opening cells,
  • a cartridge-charge consisting of a bundle or fagot of ⁇ internal units oi' explosive inaterial in the form of rods or hars provided with a plurality of uniformly-disposed longitudinal perforations and a plurality of lateral vents transeeting a plurality of said longitudinal perforations.
  • a cylindrical integral rod-or bar of ex- Vplosive material having av plurality of longltudin'al perforations eaeh of which has a.
  • An integral rod or bar of explosive material having a centralV longitudinal perforation and a plnurality of other longitudinal per- Yforations7 eaeh of which has a burningsurfaee parallel with somepart ofthe burningsurface of the central perforation, and a plurality of lateral vents for said longitudinal perforations.
  • An integral mass of explosive material formed in lthe shape of a long rod having radial multi-perforations, and a plurality of internal amepassages interceptin g a plurality' of said multi-perforations.
  • Anintegral mass of explosive material formed in the shape of a lon0F rod having radial multi-perforations, and a plurality of "longitudinally extending internal flame passages interee'pting a plurality of said multiperforations.

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