USRE12317E - Signor to john tweedy - Google Patents

Description

No. 12,311 REISSUED FEB. 14, 1905.

H.7F. FULLAGAR.

COMPOUND STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED KOV.8, 1904. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

jhyengor' 24 x QZLM ill/ Q iffy.

wbzw-r v v H. P. PULLAGAR.

COMPOUND STEAM TURBINE.

RBISSUED FEB. 14, 1905.

APPLIUATIOH FILED NOV. 8. 1904.

3 flBEETB-BHEET 2.

No. 12,317. REISSUED FEB. 14, 1905.-

H. F. PULLAGAR.

COMPOUND STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Reissued February 14, 1905.

' UNITED. STATES PATENT OF-FICE.

' HUGH FRANCIS FULLAGAR, OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND, AS SIGN OR TO JOHN TWEEDY. OF NEWGASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND,

ALFRED FERNANDEZ YARROW, OF BLACKHEATH, ENGLAND, AND MARK ROBINSON, OF RUGBY, ENGLAND.

COMPOUND STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Reissued. Letters Patent No. 12,317, dated February 14, 1905. 7

Original N0. 6 96,86'7, dated April 1, 1902. Application for reissue filed November 8, 1904. Serial No. 2311 To an whom, it HMLZ/ concern.-

Be it known that 1, HUGH FRANCIS F LLA- GAR, a subject of the King of .Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Newcastle-upon-Tyne,

in the county of Northumberland, England, have invented Improvements in Compound Steam-Tu rbines and Tufbine-Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference primarily to an improved construction of compound steam turbines and turbine-pumps less delicate and more economical to produce commercially than constructions at present in use.

In compound steam turbines leakage of steam is liable to occur past the ends of the vanes or blades, which is a serious disadvantage, because not only does the steam that so passes do no effective work, but it issues in a direction that opposes and tends to destroy the properly-directed stream, and thus causes serious waste of power. With a view to obviating this evil axial-flow turbines have been constructed with very small radial clearances between the ends of the vanes or blades and the adjacent spindle and outer casing, respectively-as little, for example, as five-sixths of a millimeter having been commonly allowed to a six-hundred or eight-hundred horse-power turbine with a spindle about three meters long between the bearings. Extreme accuracy of construction has therefore been necessary with the view of insuring that the distortion of the spindle by whipping or whirling and distortion of the casing due to unequal heating or initial stresses should together not exceed the amount of the clearance. It has been usual, for instance, to plane and bore the easing and then heat it for several hours by steam to relieve initial stresses, to again plane and 40 bore, and sometimes after the blades have been fitted and bored to steam the casing again before litting in the spindle, the bearings and often 'thewhole length of the casing being scraped to the spindle and its blades with great care. Moreover, in turbines intended to be driven at high angular velocities it is usual toprovide a certain radial flexibility in the bearings in order that the spindle may rotate around an axis distant slightly from the geometrical axis, and consequently with eonstructions heretofore adopted if the bearings be,

permitted to wear beyond a very slight extent the blades are liable to be worn down, and the efficiency of the turbine thus permanently impaired. Like disadvantages obtain with regard to compound turbine-pumps as heretofore constructed.

Now according to this invention, with a view to obviating the above-mentioned disadvan- -tages in a compound elastic-fluid turbine or pump, each ring of vanes or blades is provided with an annular bafiier or bafilers, those of the fixed vanes or blades being at their inner ends and close to annular faces carried by the spindle and those of the rotary vanes or blades being at their outer ends and close to annular faces projecting inward from the easing, and ample radial clearance at all parts is provided between the inner ends of the fixed vanes or blades and their bafiiers on the one hand and the spindle on the other hand and also between the outer ends of the rotary vanes or blades and their bafl'lers on the one hand and the casing on the other hand, the construction being thus such as not only to prevent or greatly reduce leakage past the ends of the vanes or blades, but also to obviate the necessity for extreme accuracy in workmanship and care in use needful with constructions heretofore adopted, while any leakagt that may occur in a radial direction between the bafilers and the adjacent annular faces will not be likely to seriously affect ciency of the acting steam.

In compound turbines according to my invention, therefore, the angle which the vanes or blades(hereina-fter referred to as blades) make with the axis can be increased as compared with ordinary practice, or crescent or cup shaped blades may be employed instead of the feather-shaped ones common at present, with the result that fewer rows will be sile stress, in consequence of which it has had necessary to deal with a given ratio of expansion and the turbine will become shorter, less liable to. distortion from differences of expansion, and cheaper.

Suitable means are provided, such as an adjustable thrust collar or collars in one of the bearings or a separate thrust-block to keep the spindle in place endwise. l In compound steam-turbines for the pur- 1o pose of counterbalancing end thrust due to pressure of the steam upon the'blades and steps of the spindle steam has been caused to act in the opposite direction sometimes upon a second turbine reverse-ly arranged, mother I '5 cases on a rotating balance-piston fixed oa'the" turbine-spindle. When, however, complete balancing of the spindle has been aimed at and a large ratio of expansion has hadto. be provided for, either construction has resulted in a bobbin-shaped spindle and easing, slender in the middle and large in diameter at each end, and whipping or'bending of 'the' spindle or casing has been liable to occur and cause the ends to vary from the plane of ro-' tation, thus, rendering the small axial clear- .ances at these parts insuflicient, besides which the casing has been of a form expensive to make and awkward to use, and. moreover, the spindle has been subject to a considerable teneither to be made in one piece or of parts strongly and permanently connected. I t Now according to my invention, for the purpose of preventing end thrust resulting 3 5 from pressure of the driving-steam upon the blades and stepped portions of the spindle, there is provided at or near the exhaust end'of the casing a fixed disk or wall at a short distance from the annular end face of the eno larged portion of the spindle, and to the intervening space motive fluid is admitted from the inlet end of the casing by symmetricallyarranged longitudinal passages or channels formed in the spindle. Within the said intervening space bafiiing means are provided.

The invention also consists in further novel features of construction and combinations of parts, all as hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying illustrative drawings, Figure 1 shows, partly in longitudinal section and 'partly in elevation withthe rings of blades removed, a compound steam-turbine constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 5 5 is a cross-section 'on the line A A of Fig. 1,.'

Fig. 3 shows in longitudinal section part of the spindle and casing-at a stepped portion thereof, together with some of the rings of blades and bafliers. Figs. 4 and 5'aie-part 6e lolgitudinal sections showing two forms of be ing device. Fig. 6 is a part plan, Fig. 7 a part end view, and Fig. 8 a longitudinal section, showing part of a ring of blades with .baflier'. Figs. 9 and 10 show in side elevation forms of annular bafliers. 3mg we view showing another form. "is the rotary turbine-spindle, made of 5 "and plan, respectively, part of one of theretary rings of blades with a compound holding-ring, a portion of such ring being removed in Fig. 9 and displaced in Fig. 10. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of part of a blade with split root, and Fig. 12 is an end view thereof -with part of its compound holding-ring. Fig.

13 is a part sectional plan on the line B B of Fig. 12. Figs. 14 and 15 are views of part of l the adjacent notched faces of the two rings constituting the compound holding-ring shown in Figs. 12 and 13. -Figs. 16, 17, 18, and 19 are crosssections showing various Fig. 20 is'a perstepped'shape and supported at its ends in suitable bearing 6, g a

c is the stationary casing, also of stepped shape, in which the spindle rotates, this casing being provided at its smaller end with a steam-inlet passage (1 and at its larger end with a steam-exhaust passage 6.

9 represents the rotary. rings of blades, fixed to the spindle a by holding-rings h, Figs,

1 and 3, and 1: represents the stationary rings of blades arranged between the rotary rings of blades g and fixed to the inner surface of the casing 0 by other holding-rings l.

m represents the annular bafliers, which according to this invention are fixed to and around the outer ends of the rotary rings of blades g and have theirfree edges n, Fig. 3, arranged in close proximity to but not in actual contact with the adjacent annular lateral faces 0 of the stationary. holding-rings l.

p represents the annular bafilers, which are fixed to and around the inner ends of the stationary rings of blades 1: and have their free edges q in close proximity to but. not in actual contact with theadjacent annular lateral faces 0* ofthe holding-rings Z.

h' and l are additional rings fixed to the.

spindle and easing, respectively, and in proximity to which the ends of the bafliers of the first and last rings of blades in each set terminate.

8 represents the spaces between the bafilers m and the interior of the casing, and t represents the spaces between the bafiiers p and the spindle. It will beseen that these spaces are 'of such radial depthas to obviate any liability IIO spindle-bearings are free to take place without materiallyafiecting the relation ofthe bafilers to the annular faces in proximity to which they are arranged. At the steam-inlet end of the spindle the clearance between the bailiers m and the adjacent annular'facesw may be, for example, about onetwentieth of a millimeter. Toward the exhaust end the clearance may be, for example, about one millimeter. Y

r is an intermediate space located betweenthe largerend of. the stepped portion a of the spindle and a disk w, fixed to the adjacent end wall of the casing c and to which steam is admitted from the inlet end of the casing by symmetrically-arranged longitudinal passages :1 the outer circumferential portion of the said space 0; being in communication with the exhaust-passage 0. Within the said intermediate space is a baffling arrangement, which in the example shown in Fig. 1 comprises concentric rings 1, fixed in concentric annular grooves 2, formed in the annular end face of the enlarged part of the stepped portion a of the spindle and which rotate between like rings 3 in concentric annular grooves 4, formed in the disk or wall 90.

It will be understood that the free edges of the concentric rings 1, fixed on the end of the large part of the spindle, are close to but not in contact withthe opposite disk or wall w, and the free edges of the rings 3, carried by that disk or wall, are close to but not in contact with the said end portion of the spindle, so that escape of steam is retarded, and that by suitably varying the number and position of the said rings the balancing pressure of the steam between the end of the large part of the spindle and the disk or wall opposite thereto can be easily adjusted by controlling the fall in pressure as the steam flows from the center toward the exhaust, so that the several stepped portions of the spindle can be placed individually in balance more readily than by means heretofore usually adopted. When a balance-piston has been used for the purpose just mentioned, the effective mean diameter of the several steps in such piston could not be conveniently adjusted, and an approximate end balance has been obtained after repeated trials by the tedious and unsatisfactory process of opening or closing the steamopenings through the rings or vanes or blades in the several parts of the spindle and casing. The said bafiling arrangement 1 to 3 in the intermediate space I- is intended not only to retard the passage of steam through the said space to the exhaust 1', but also to allow of the aube fixed in concentric grooves formed in one I only of the parts mentionedviz., the spindle u or the disk or wall 'w, as in Fig. 5, which shows rings 3 fixed to the disk or wall 10.

In the example shown the stepped or larger portion of the spindle a a is built up of a number of superposed sleeves it, Figs. .1 and 2, each formed with suitable longitudinal grooves or channels w, through which steam is allowed free passage to the intermediate space 0, the arrangement being such that when the turbine is-in use each sleeve a will be surrounded by steam and therefore in equilibrium, and that each sleeve can be made separately and bladed and finished to gage on an interchangeable system. Such a built-up spindle may comprise, as shown, a central shaft a, provided with suitable steam-packing 5 near each end, a number of sleeves a. the inner one placed upon the shaft, the others one over another, each being successively larger in diameter but shorter thanvthe one it immediately surrounds, and the whole being attached one to another and to the shaft by keys or similar devices,

Rings of blades g are carried upon the uncovered portions of the sleeves a, and there may also be some upon the inner shaft (1 when the innermost sleeve does not extend along the wholeof the same within the casing, and the compound spindle a a, with its blades 9, is surrounded by a casing 0, having an internal formation generally resembling the external formation of the compound spindle and having fixed to it the rings of stationary blades /r, the arrangement being such that steam admitted to the spindle just within the packing 5, at the inlet end by the passage (Z, will travel through the successive rings of blades g and Z: to the exhaust-passage surrounding one end of the largest sleeve 11.

In carrying out the invention the several parts a of the compound spindle are turned approximately to size and appropriately grooved, as shown at 7, to receive the rings of blades g. The casing 0 can be made in halves, as usual, and bored approximately to size and grooved, as shown at- 8. In some cases it may be found practicable to dispense with the boring. In some cases also it may be found practicable to cast the casing with the grooves 8. i

The bafliers m and 12 may be laminated onescomposed of ribbons of suitable materialsuch as metal or fiber, or boththe several thicknesses of which are folded to present successive and separated baffling edges to the fluid, or each baiiler may consist of a single ribbon.

in Figs. 1 and 3 each of the bafliers m and 1) is a laminated one and comprises two metal rings, one of which is. of U section and contains the other, the free edges 11 and q of the respective sets of concentric rings being sage of steam between such edges and the adthe other and bendin jacent annular face or r.

Fig. 16 shows a baflier m composed of two concentric ribbons or rings, the free edges on both sides of which are spaced apart and arranged in proximity to the opposing annular faces 0 and 0 of twoadjoining holding-rings l.

Fig. 17 shows a bafiier like Fig. 16, but composed of a greater number. of concentric rings, the outer one of which is substantially channel-shaped in cross-section, one portion thicknesses made by bending two ribbons or rings each to a U shape, placing one within their freeends apart. Fig. 19 shows a be er m composed of two sets of rings, each like those shown in Figs.

1 and 8, and reversely arranged, so that the free edges are in proximity to the opposing faces 0 and 0' of the adjacent holding rings 'l.

Fig. shows a bafiier m consisting of a single ring. Usually, however, and when the turbine is to be used as a motor it will be desirable in order to get the best results to use a laminated baflier, such as one of those shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and Figs. 16 and 19.

A construction of rings of blades for both spindle and casing is as follows: The thin metal strips to form the baflicrs m and p are folded asrequi-red and are perforated along their length at intervals corresponding to the positions of the blades g and k by a punchingpress, which is provided with rollers to feed the strip, the diameter of one of these rollers being preferably some exact multiple or devisor of the circle to whose form the strip is to be ultimately bent and such roller being.

rotated by a ratchet and change wheels in such a manner that an exact number of holes 10, Fig. 6, will be pierced in each portion of strip corresponding to half a circle of baflier.

When the bafllers are to be laminated, the.

several thicknesses may be perforated together or independently, as may be the more convenient. A tenon 12, Fig. 7, is formed at one end of each blade by punchingor sawing away the superfluous metal. These tenons are inserted in the holes 10 in the baflier, which they exactly fit, and. are riveted over, either by hand or with the aid of a suitable tool, such as a pneumatic hammer.

To secure the roots of the blades in the grooves 7 or 8 of the spindle a a or casing c, as the case may be, two strips, Figs. 9 and 10, of drawn brass or other metal of suitable width, are curved to fit side by side in each of the said grooves. In the adjacent edges of these strips are cut radial notches 13, each set corresponding in number to the blades g or k in each ring, and the notches being 'so formed, as shown, that'when; the blades are .or Z, and when they have been placed in position in a groove! or 8, as shown in Figs. 1

- and 3, a calking-strip 14' is also placed therein and is calked in such a manner as to secure the whole in place. The two strips constituting the compound holding-rings h or Z are considerably-deeper than the groove and project into the annular space 15 between the spindle and casing in such a way as to form therein an annular face in a plane at right angles to the .axis of the spindle, which is the face 0' or n, in proximity to which the neighboring bafiier m or p is arranged.

Sometimes I prefer to split the'root of each blade g and k in a suitable die, bending one part backward or forward, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, so that the blade will then present four edges by which it will be gripped more securely in the compound ring, Figs. 13, 14, and 15. In this case the notches 13 in one of the strips of the compound ring will be oblique, Fig. 15, instead of radial, Fig. 14. For convenience of insertion into the groove one or both of the notched strips may be cut into comparatively short pieces.

To provide for expansion, the part rings of blades may have their respective portions of bafiler constructed to overlap at the junctions, as shown'at 16 in Fig. 20. For the same purpose the bafliers may be bent at intervals into U-shaped loops, as shown at 17 in the same .fig'ure, or where the bafiiers are laminated the respective layers may be in lengths arranged to break joint(see Figs. 6 and 7) to prevent leakage, and the holes 10 therein may be slotted where necessary toallow the strips to move.

18, Fig. 1, is an endwise-adjustable thrustbleck of ordinary kind, wherebs the spindle can be adjusted endwise and held in the required position.

When the spindle a a and casing a have been bladed, the edges n and q of the bafllers m and p, respectively, and the annular projecting faces r and o of the compoundholdingrings 7 and Z, that hold the roots of the blades g and k, are faced or turned true in the spindle and in the casing. To facilitate this, I consider it advantageous to make the pitch of the rings of blades uniform throughout the pitch of any thrust-collars 19, Fig. 1, and packing-grooves 21, Fig. 1, and of the spaces between such grooves some exact fraction or multiple of this pitch, so that starting in each case from one end the two halves of the easin'g c. as well as the spindle a a, may be separately turned up without drawing or calculation, so that the parts shall correspond withthe parts of similar turbines.

Turbines constructed as described are equally applicable for use with any elastic fluid as motors or pumps.

Some of my improvements may be used without the others.

The holding-rings, the opposing end wall of the casing, and the bafiiers are preferably made of non-corrosive material such, for example, as brass or delta metalin order to avoid as far as possible any increase in the clearance-space between these parts by corrosion; The casing may be of east-iron and the spindle of steel.

The bafiler's are preferably made of very thin sheetmetalsay, for example, rather less than a millimeter thick so that should they accidentally come in contact with the adjacent holding-rings they will easily wear away to a slight extent at the point or points of contact and not heat and melt and produce a large clearance-space.

, As will be understood, turbines constructed as described are lubricated by causing lubri' cant to continuously flow under pressure through the spindle-bearings, packings, and thrust block or blocks, as heretofore usual; also, when the spindle is to rotate at a very high speed the bearings therefor are made fiexi ble or elastic in a manner well understood.

What I claim is 1. In a turbine, the combination with the spindle and its casing, of rings of blades fixed to the said spindle, and intermediate rings of blades fixed to the casing. the free ends of each of said rings of blades being connected together and arranged to leave a wide space between those on the spindle and the interior of the casing and between those in the casing and the exterior of the spindle and to form nearly fluidtight lateral joints with annular surfaces carried by the casing and spindle respectively and thereby cause practically the whole of the motive fluid used to pass through the rings of blades.

2. In a turbine, the combination with the spindle and its casingand rings of blades fixed to said spindle and easing, of ali'nular bafi'lers fixed to the free ends of the blades, and transversely-arranged annular faces located in the annular space between said spindle and casing and adjacent to which the edges of said bafflers terminate.

3. In a turbine, the combination with the spindle and its casing and rings of blades fixed to said spindle'and casing, of annular bafilers fixed to the free ends of the blades, and transversely-arranged annular projections extending outwardly from the spindle and inwardly I from the casing and adjacent to the fiat faces of which the edges of said bafflers terminate.

4. In a turbine, the combination with the spindle and its casing, of rings of blades fixed at one end to holding-rings fixed to the exte' rior of the spindle and the interior of the easing and having flat annular lateral faces, and

lar faces carried by the spindle and casing and arranged in close proximity to but out of contact with the bafilers on the fixed and rotary blades respectively, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

6. In a turbine, the combination with a ring of blades fixed at one end to a carrier, of a lamlnated annular baffler fixed to the other end of the ring of blades and having successive baffling edges, and a transversely-arranged annular face located near to but not in contact with said edges of the bafiier.

7. In a turbine, the combination with a ring of bladesfixed at one end to acarrier, of a laminated annular bafller fixed to the otherend of the ring of blades and having successive baffling edges spaced apart so as to form one or more annular spaces between them, and a transversely-arranged annular face arranged near to but not in contact with said edges of the bafiier.

8. In a turbine, the combination with a ring of blades fixed at one end to a carrier, of an aunular bafiier fixed to the other end of the ring of blades and having oppositely-arranged baffling edges at its respective sides, and transversely and oppositely arranged annular faces located nearto but not in contact with the 0pposite edges of said bafller. a

9; In a turbine, the combination with a ring of blades fixed'at one end to-acarrier,of alaminated annular bafiler fixed to the other end of the ring of blades and having successive baffling edges at each side, and transversely and oppositely arranged annular faces located near to but not in contact with the opposite edges of the said bafiler.

10. In a turbine,,the combination with the spindle and casing and rings of blades fixed alternately to said spindle and easing, of laminated annular bafiiers fixed to the free ends of said rings of blades, and each having two or more superposed baffling edges, and two sets of rings carried by said spindle and casing respectively and havinglaterally-armnged annular faces arranged near to but not in contact with the superposed edges of said bafilers.

11. In a turbine, the combination with the spindle and casing and rings of blades fixed alapart so as to form intervening annular spaces, 1

12. In a turbine, the combination with the spindle and easing, of rings of blades fixed to said spindle, intermediate rings of blades fixed to said casing, annular bafllers fixed to the .free ends of each of said rings of blades and arranged to leave a deep radial. space between them and the adjacent part of the casing and splndle respectively, laterally-arranged annular surfaces carried by said spindle and cas;

ing and arranged .in closeproximity to the edges of the bafilers on the fixed and rotary rings of blades respectively, and means for adjusting said spindle with its rings of blades, bafliers and annular surfaces, endwise in relation to the casing and its rings of blades, bafflers and annular surfacesand for-holding said spindle endwise. 4

13. In a turbine, the combination with the spindle and easing, of rings of blades fixed to each of these parts, the free end of each blade being formed with a projection, an annular bafller secured to the projections of each ring of blades so as to close thespace between the outer ends of said ring of blades and having one or more baflling edges, and transverse annular surfaces carried by said spindleand casing and located near to but not in contact with the edges of said bafiiers.

.14. In a turbine, the combination of a stepped spindle and casing arranged one within the other with an annular-space between the two. and rings of blades fixed to said spindle and casing and extending into said annular space,

of balancing means arranged to act upon the.

enlarged and of said spindle and force it endwise in an opposite direction to that of the steam flowing through said annular space.

15. In a turbine, the combination of a stepped spindle and easing arranged one within the other so as to leave an intermediate space be.

tween the annular end face of the enlarged end of said spindle and the adjacent end wall of said casing, and means for admitting motive fluid to'said space for the purpose set forth. 1

16. In a turbine,the combination of astepped spindle and easing arranged one within the other so as to leave an annular spacebetween the stepped portions thereof and between the annular end face ofthe enlarged portion of said spindle and the adjacent and wall of said casing, said spaces being in communication one with another, andrings of blades fixed to said spindle and casing and extending into said annular space. 4

' 17. In a turbine,the combination of a stepped and bladed spindle and easing arranged one within the other so as to leave a'longitudinal annular space between the'stepped portions thereof and also an annular end space between the annular erid' face of the enlarged portion of said spindle 'andadjacent end wall'of said casing, said casing having an inlet-passage at its smaller end and an exhaust-passage at its larger end, said spindle being formed with symmetrically-arranged longitudinal passages connecting said annular spaces, and said annular endspace being in communication with said exhaust-passage, and bafliing means arranged in saidend space between said longitudinal passages and said exhaust-passage.

18. In a turbine,the combination of a stepped and bladed casing having an inlet-passage at its smaller end and an exhaust-passage'at its larger end, a stepped and bladed spindle arranged within said casing so as to form a longitudinal annular space between the stepped portions of the two and an annular end space that is located between the annular end face of the enlarged portion of the spindle and the adjacent end wall of the casing and is in communication at its outer periphery with said exhaust-passage, symmetrically-arranged longitudinal passages formed in'said spindle and connecting said longitudinal and end spaces, and a bafliing arrangement comprising concentrically-arranged rings located in said end space between said longitudinal passages and said exhaust-passage and carried by one of the walls of said space and terminating near to but not in contact with the opposite end wall of'said space.

19. In a tu rbine,the combination of a stepped and bladed casing having an inletzpassage atits smaller end and an exhaust-passage-at its larger end, a stepped and bladed spindle arranged within said casing so as to form alongitudinal annular space between the stepped portions of the two and an annular end space that is located between the annular-end face of the enlarged portion of the spindle and the adjacent end wall of the casing and is in com- .munication at its outer periphery with said exhaust-passage, symmetrical ly-arranged longitudinal passages formed in said spindle and connecting said longitudinal and end spaces, and a bafliing arrangement comprising two sets of concentrically-arranged rings located in said end space, one set being carried by the annular end face of the enlarged portion of said spindle and the other set being carried by the opposite end wall of said casing and alternating in position with the rings in the firstmentioned set, said bafliing arrangement being arranged between said longitudinal passages and said exhaust-passage.

' 20. Inaturbine,the combination ofa stepped a'nd bladed spindle and easing arranged one within the other so as to form a longitudinallyarranged annular working space between the stepped portions thereof, and an annular balancing-space between the larger end of said spindle and the adjacent end of said casing, said balancing-space being in communication at one end with the longitudinal annular space and at the other end with theexhaust-passage leading from said casing, and a baffling device located in said balancing-space and comprising concentrically-arranged laminated rings each fixed at one end to one of the end walls of said balancing-space and having its opposite edges splayed apart and terminating in proximity to the opposite end wall of said space.

21. In aturbine,a stepped and bladed spindle and easing arranged one within the other so as' to leave between the larger end of the stepped portion of said spindle and the adjacent end wall of said casing an annular space one of the end walls of which is formed with concentric annular grooves, and bafliing-ring's fixed in some or all of said grooves.

22. In a turbine,a stepped and bladed spindle and casing arranged one within the other so as to leave between the larger end of the stepped portion of said spindle and the adjacent end wall of said casing, an annular space each of the end walls of which is formed with concentric annular grooves, and baffling-rings fixed in some or all of the grooves in each wall.

23. In a turbine, a stepped spindle comprising a central shaft and a number of sleeves,

' the inner sleeve being placed on said shaft and the others one over another, each sleeve being successively larger in diameter but shorter than the one it immediately surrounds and'the whole of them being attached one to another and to said shaft.

24. In a turbine, a casing having a stepped and bladed interior, a stepped and bladed spindle arranged within said casing so as to form between its stepped portion and the corresponding part of the casing, a longitudinal annular space, and between its larger end and the adjacent end of said casing, an annular space that is in communication with the exhaust-passage from said casing, and a baffling arrangement in said space, the stepped por-v tion of said spindle being built upof a number of superposed sleeves each of which, except the outermost one, is formed with symmetrieally-arr'anged longitudinal grooves or channels connecting the annular space between the stepped portions of said casing and spindle with the annular end space.

, 25. In a turbine, a ring of blades comprising a number of radially-arranged blades and a compound holding-ring in which the roots of-said blades are secured. 26. In'a turbine, a ring of blades comprising a number of radially-arranged blades and a compound holding-ring comprising two bent strips of metal arranged side by side and having their adjacent edges formed with notches in which the roots of said bladesare' fixed.

27 In a turbine, a ring of blades comprising a number of radially-arranged blades each having its root end split and the separate portions thereof bent apart, and a compound holding-ring made of two bent strips of metal 5 having their adjacent edges notched to receive and hold the split ends of the blades. l 28. In a turbine, the combination with its drum and easing of a plurality of radial blades or buckets and a bafller attached to the free ends of said turbine-blades and forming a cover therefor, having a relatively thin central'portion and outwardly-extending circumferential flanges, substantially as described.

29. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotary turbine-drum or similar element, turbine buckets or blades supported thereon, a bafiiing-cover for the buckets having a relatively thin, central portion provided with circumferential flanges at the lateral edges thereof, intermediate turbine blades or buckets, and supports therefor, substantially as described.

30. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a drum or similar element} holding-rings mounted on the drum or similar element,a plurality of radially-extending turbine blades or buckets, a baffling-cover for said blades having arelatively thin central portion and outwardlyextending circumferential flanges providing extended side baffling, a plurality of intermediate radially-extendi'ng turbine blades or buckets, and supports for said intermediate turbine-blades which are situated in line with the flanges of the bucket-cover on the drumblades and in close proximity thereto, substantially as described.

Signed at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, this 19th day of September, 1904.

HUG-H F RANOIS FULLAGAR.

Witnesses:

R. W. RIDLEY, ELIAS YEOMAN.

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