USRE11787E - Charles r - Google Patents

Description

No. ",787. Y a Y Reissued nov. I4, |899. c. n. MEsToN. n f

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 21, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet l,

' W lli UN ITE-D STATESl PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES aMEsroN, or. sr; Louis, russo-URI,- AssrGNoR Torna `nMnR'smii ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY, ycassini; PLACE'.-

ElgEo'ralc' MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming pm of Reissues Lex-,ners `Patent 1ra-11,787, ama november v14,18%. oagimn Nu. 617,114, ma .imm-y 3,1899. Anuman airtime sied August' 21, i899. .semi 11min-sedi..

' city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, haveinvented a certain sew and 'useful Improvement in Electric Motors, of which the followlngis a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichitappertains to make and use the' sameveference being had' to the accompanying draw-r is suspended from the ceiling and 'the fanblades are mounted dir ectly upon the armature. The motorbelongs to that class known as induction-motors and has no commutator or brushes.

The object of this present invention-ism provide a simple, inexpensive, and efficient antifriction-motor.

Another object is-tov construct the {Viel-dimagnet core and winding fr*-alteruatingcjurren' motors ofthe iuductiontypge, wherein alternate polar projectionsare Woj-u'nd in suchim'an' "coils are required. .-zIinotors of this typ'elon 4the market, andl speak particularly oftthbse used Yfor ceiling-fans, 'there are .twentyfeight polar projectious-,-each of which olar projections 'is' n'ou-ndu'ith. two coils, making" `fifty-six -coils jil'itll., I

tion, where only alternate polar projections In my present in ye'nare wound, but twenty-eight coils are `ern,-

I ployed for accomplishing the same work heretofore requiring twice the number of coils.'

Having a fewer number of coils, less work is required to make connections, and the eldmagnet core audits windings are therefore` cheaper aud-simpler. The decreased 'diameter of the field-magnet core, which' is about nine inches in the present formas. comparedwith fourteen inches in old style'yis also of advantage.

Figure l ofthedrawingsis a vertical sec-A tionalwiew ofL-my improved electric motor. Fig, 2 is a-top plan viewof the salme, the casing being removed.- Fig. 8 is a detailview in section of the lower end of the armature-sleeve pr hollow shaft, showing uw lspiral. groove contained therein; and Fig. 4 is an inverted.

plan view-of the switch-block.controlling iny improved electric motor;

The essential features of thisinvention reside, rst., in thenov'el. forin'of. eldpolepieces and wiring of the field, wherein alter" nate polar' projectionsare bifurcate'd andl wound, while the remainingpolar projections areplain jand left unwoun'd. The invention also consists inthe windings of-these bifurcatedpolar-projectionsi and, finally; thein vention consists in the ynovel construction, arrangement, and combinationof the several parts, all as will hereinafter be describedand l afterward pointed ont in the claims.'

In the drawings, A 'indicates'thecore'fo'f the field-magnet', circular in plan view'-, which cone is provided with internalradiallyiertending-,polar projecti ns aand; saidcre being-secured -toa suit-able support-or Atraine B, frointhe center of 'which depends ashaft C; said shaft being secured-to said-fram'eby "",ineans of a screw c. support or bearing for the-armature support .or frame D, said armatureffraniebein'g pro- [vidled with fan extended. bearing 4oi-.liub d, ner that butone-half-ofjthe usual numberjof.

This shaft C -foi'nis a encircling said shaft C and provided' with an iI-ternally-disposed spiral fgroove, the object.

hch Willlhereinafter be' explained. indicates the armature-core', beingsg-L to' the frame DI -n'any suitable-manner, eferably by screws Thisarliiatre- 'composed 'of' laminatio'us of thin sheetirou,"'as is well pnderstood', yand is-'frmed with openingsA 'or slots e', one endjbfjwhich terminatesin theperipheryofsa-id armature-V laminati'o-ns. Through these' openings-@f1 insert copper strips e" of-sufllclent length-tio permit the .ends thereoflto be bent; over and restjflatlyagainstthe outer 4faces ofK the'out# side' lamiuatinlons, so as to' prod uce a complete contact-strip'onfboth of the outer 'sidesof said lamination's. The strips-e'fare' the'i-uends' contacting-with eachother, whichl's-h-te" is not absolutely essential, asin the' n ian-ur ,facture of the armature the bent endsbi'the 4 Shaft C, as before stated, is secured to the frame B and extends, preferably, downwardly a suitable distance, upon which shaft C the armature-frame D is positioned, which frame, as also before stated, is provided with an extendedI bearing or -hub d, said hub also cxtending, preferably, in a downward direction. The lower end vc of shaft C is reduced in diameter and eXteudssomewhat-below the end of the hub d, where it is provided with a suitable screw-thread, designed to receive, first,y an., oil-cup F, which is screwed thereon, and, second, an inverted-bell-shaped housing or guard G, designed to protect the oil-cup F and the bearings from dust, &c., as well as to prevent 'the oil being thrown outwardly from the motor. Between the lower end of the vhub d and theupper face of the bottom of the oilcup F is interposed an antifrictionbearing, consisting of a series of hardenedsteel balls f, which travel o'r rest upon an annular-shaped track or way f', placed inthe bottom of the oil-cup, and preferably the lower end of the hub d is provided with a 'interposed between said conical face' and a hardened-steel ring or bearing f", which rests directly upon the steel balls.

Rising from the bottom of oil-cup F and ini side of the series of balls f and their bearings is a cylindrical portion F', in the internal lower portion of whi"el1 a screw-thread for engaging the shaft C is formed,the upper end of said 'portion F being provided with a beveled edge or conical face, which is seated uponfa gasket corresponding conical face c", formed at the juncture of the shaft C with the, reduced portion o. The internal diameters of the hubY d and the bearing-rings f' and f are approximately the same,while the outside diameter of the cylindrical portion F" is somewhatsmailer,

thus leaving a sufficient clearance between such parts for the free circulation of oil.

The armature-frame D is provided upon its upper face with a reservoir d', encircling the shaft C, and in this reservcirthe upper end of the spiral groove d" terminates, while its lower end terminates at the lower end of the hnb d, forming `a spiral channel around the shaft ,C from the reservoir d' to the lower or central portion of the oil-cup. When it isl desired to supply the machine with lubricant, the reservoir d' is partially filled with oil, preferably through the hole b, formed di` rectly above the reservoir in the frame BL The lubricant when the motor is not running 'passes downwardly through the spiral groove d", around and onto shaftC, and into the oilcup F. Enough oil should be supplied to `wholly submerge the end of the hub d, the balls, and their respective bearings. It-Will be seen thatl the rotation of the armature and armature-frameD, in which latter the spiral groove d" is formed, its pitch being in the proper direction, will force the oil up through said spiral groove, lubricating the-shaft C,

as before described. l

The spiral groove operates practically on the principle of an internal .Archimedean screw, theicup F forming` the source of supply from which the oil is drawn while'the motor is running, the overflow or elevated oil being received in a reservoirin readiness to again return to cup F when the motor stops or thespeed is reduced so as to be insuicient to continue to force the oil upward or hold it in the reservoir. V The pitch of the groove is also a factor with respect to the maintenance of the oil in the reservoir d'. The greater the pitch the higher will be the speed required to effect this result, while a lower speed is all that is necessary to cause the elevation of the oil where a slight pitch is employed. Of course it will be understood that the oil-elevating groove'is pitched in one direction for a motor running inra certain di rection and pitched -oppositely for a motor running` in a reverse direction.`

It will be noticed that the lower end of the oil-elevating groove terminates some distance tating, I provide means to interrupt and defeat said-climbing before the 4oil reachesa point above the oil-cu p. This is accom plished by two annular grooves d"', placed closetsgether, between which is left 'an annular deluge or pointedprojection d'v'". Should the oil pass the lower groove, it will be thrown oi by centrifugal force back in to the oil-cn p. Instead o? the two grooves d" I may form an annular flange ld""', projecting beyond the periphery of the hubd, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. `3, which flange-dm" will perform the functions of the part d"".

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`Depending from the frame D are lugs or y arms d""", to which I secure the fau-blades; but it is obvious that there are other means of securing these arms. y

In order to protect the' motor from as much dust as possible, as well as to form a protective and ornamental housing, I secure to the field-magnet frame, preferably insulated therefrom by means of screws h, the cappiece H, said 'cap-piece being screwthreaded in its center to receive the end of a supporting rod orl pipe. This rod or pipe is locked in position by a set-screw h' in the cap-piece H. A bottom casingI is placed in proper position and secured by any suitable means tp the cap.- piece H, said bottom piece being preferably formed with an openingt', through which the bearing and the invertedbell-shaped housing G pass. Sultablysecured to the lower portion of the bell-shaped'housing is a switch design ed to be manually operated in startin g o1" stopping the motor. This switch may be brieliy-described as follows: On the base 1 of the switch are arranged two contacts 2 and 3, preferably diametrcally opposite each other, the latter contact being elongated, as shown in Fig. 4. In the center'of the base is mounted a stati? 4, said stal being nonicircular in cross-section for a portion of its length, said non-circular portion carrying or .having secured theretoa yielding brush or switch-blade 5. Staff 4 is ,also provided with a handle G to facilitate manipulation, asis obvious.

Iwill now describe the Winding of ther fieldmagnets.

'The supply and return wires are led to the motor through-the hollow tube or pipe -by which the motor is suspended. l 7 indicates the supply-wire, .which is 'conneeted toa post mounted ou insulation-piece 8, bolted to the framing B. From this binding-post the wire'is led to the el'dIwindin'gs, which are shown more clearlyin Fig. 2. The polarprojections a -are ,formed with openended slots o," in their inner ends, soha't they are bifurcated a portion of their length, while thepolar projections a are selid'and alternate with the bifurcated projections a.v

The main windings (indicated by the coils 9) are arranged on the body portions of the' bifurcated pola` projections ct and are preferably conneeted in series, all of said polar pro jections being wound in the saine direction.

From the lastcoil the wire, which I will call 10, leads down thromgh` the hollow shaft C and is connected to' the switch-contactj 3. W'hen the 4switch-blade 5 is on the 'point 3,- the current is completed through said blade,

the staif 4, wire 11, which-is conneetedjto4 a binding-post on insulation-piece 8; and through wire`12 back through the suspendingtuhe for the motor. y

From theabove it will be seen' that alternate poles in the field-magnet, being,r wound in the same directie, are similarly polarized,-

iwhile the remaining polar projections are blank and have an opposite polarity. This method of winding reduces the number of coils used in the field about one-half without materially decreasing the efficiency of the m'otor. v j

Leading from wire 7 issn wire 14, which is coiled about one prong'of the bifurcated end cf the ypolar projection a in the. same directi'on as the -main coil 9, this winding continu-- ing from polar projection to polar projection, where it is wound in the same Adir -ectio'n as the 'main coils ont'o one prong of each of said polar projections.` These' coils are what I term startingor phase coils and mayior may nolbe cnt in contem poraneously with the main coils From the starting or phase coils the wi-re 14 leads to the contact-point 2 of the switch,

the pole projections around which the main.

coils are wound' have atendencyto'intensify the magnetism at the prong around which they are'wound,`thus 4uubalaneingv the-magnetism of the pole, which results in the armature or rotary element ybeing subjected to a greater amount of torque in starting.- In order to start the motor, it is necessary to ves- Atablish the torque or twisting action on the ich may result iu decreasing the speed These starting.

rotary element, so that the motor'can getup speed, after which if 'it is desired --to change thespeed the starting-coils may be cut out. As alternating currents are employed, the phase-coils, affecting but a portion of each magnets to vary-in magnetic intensity at different moments, and therefore I have termed the starting-coils as phase-coils for purposes of distinction, as said starting or phase coils while not changing the phaseoli-the4 current will produce a resultant magnetism equivalent to magnetism produced by a multiphase winding. f In starting the motor having -the system o winding shown the switch-blade 5 is placed so as to contact with the plate 3 and point 2 for the purpose o'f cutting in the phase-coils. These phase'coils and. the main coils produce an asymmetric field, whichisutilized to start the motor, af ter lwhich the phase-coils maybe cut out by removingthe switch-bladel from the contact 2, and -the motor will then run wit-ha symmetrical eld, in which-the lmain coils 'only are employed. The operation .therefore where this systemof windingis employed is,zrst, to cut inthe phase-coils before-starting, and then when the` motor pole, will cause the magnetism of the field- IOO has reached the desired lspeed to cut out said phase-coils to reduce the amount of operating: current, which also results in reducing the speed somewhat; iVhenf, a higher speedjis required, the phase and main "coils operate together by putting the switchfbladeb in contact with the terminal 2. vlA t'woss'peed motor is thus produced bythe "proper rel.- tive proportions ofthe two circuits, `both of which are arranged to be'dcontrolled by a switch to staat, stop, or'cause thelmot'r to run' at ahigh. or low speed. l A Whilel have shown" themain and'ph'ase coils as being arranged *in parallel series, 'yet it isohvious that there arevariousfforms of windings which'can be employed .inconnecfz-I tion with the b furcated 'oler projections, and therefore I do not wi to be limited ,to

the 4exact form .ofwindiu'g ,showny in 'Connection with the field-cere, exeptwhere such4 winding' is specially mentioned in the claims.

lOl

The particular"constructionor `the bearing forms the subject-matter of a divisional application, and Il therefore do notclaiin the same here, said divisional application having been issued as latentNo. 622,247,1latedlllarch 28, 18911.'

Having thus` described my invention, what I elaim,`and desire to secure by vLetters Patent, is-

1. In a motor, the combination ritira suspending-tube, of -a platev Il secured to said tube, a {ramefplaie B secured to platellbut insulated therefrom, afield-magnet core supported by frame I3, a fixed shaft depending from frame B, an armature mounted on said fixed shaft, and. fan-blades secured to-'said armature; substantially as described..

2. In a motor, the combination with supporting means, of a motor-frame, insulation between said means and the motor-frame,

field-magnets, an armature-core, induced-l current-conducti'nj;Y bars in said armaturecore which are short-circuited on cach side of the armature, and fan-blades mounted on said armature; substantially as described.

3. The combination with snpportingmeans,

of a motor-frame, insulation between said motorframe andsupporting rneans,.a ixed shaft 'depending from the motor-frame, an armature onA said {ined-shaft, fan-blades carried by said armature, and a bott-omplate secured to an insulated supporting-frame for inclosing the field-magnets and armature-core; substantially as described.

4. The combination with a'motor comprising' field-magnets and an armature, of an insulated frameaplate foi-supporting said parts, and a bottom plate -for ine-losing said parts,4

said bottom plate being-secured to the insulated frame-plate substantially as described.

5.. The combination with a motor-frame, of a fixed shaft depending therefrom, an armatune mounted on saidxed shaft, fanfblades 'mounted on the armature,` suitable bearings for said armature, a housing for said bearing and a switch for the motorhcircnit, which switch is mounted on said housing; substantially as described.

6. The combination with a field-core provided with alternate polar projections which are .bifu'rcated, of lmain coils which are all wound in the same direction 'and connected in series, and phase or starting coils which are all wound in the same direction' and are arranged on one prong of said bifurcated polar projections, said phase or starting coils being, also, connected in series; substantially as described.

7. The combination with a field-'coreprovided With alternate polar projections which are bi-furcated, of (main coils whiclrareall wound in the same direction and connected in series, phase or starting coils which are all woundin the same di rection and are arranged onone prongof said bifurcated polar p rojeeY tions, said phase or starting coils being, also,

connected in'series, and a switch for cutting in sc ribed 'in the same direction as the main. coils and as described.

A consisting of a laminated ring provided on its jn'ate polar projections being -provided with stantially as described.

Aasymmetric iield is merged into a symmetric the main coils `only,.or the'maiu' and phase or lstarting coils together; substantially as deo 8. The combination with a held-core pro-v 7 vided with alternate polar projections which are bifurcated, of main coils on" said bifuri cated polar projections which-aie wound in thesame direction and connected in series, 7-5 and phase ,or startingcoils which arewon'nd are 'arrangedon one prong of 4said bifurcated polargprojections, said phase or starting coils being, also, connected inseries substantially 8o 9'. The'combination with a laminated fieldmagnet core, formed with thev polar projections a 'and a', the former of which arebifu'- cated, of main coils wound inthe same direction on said bifurcated polar projections, and connected in series and phase or starting.` coils which are wou'ndn the same direction, and connected'in series, said phaseorfstarting coils being arranged on one prong of said bitfurcated polar projections; substautiallys described.

' 10. The herein-described-field-magnet core consisting of a laminated ring provided with polar projections on its innerperiphery, altornate polar projections being bifurcated; su bstantiallyas described.

11.- The-heremdescrihed tieldfin'agnet core,

inner periphery with polar projections, alterloo open-ended slots, and the remaining polar projections being plain, and windings on the body portions of the bifurcated polar projections, and one prongof their-bifurcated ends; substantially as described:

v12. The combination withalaminated eldcore for-med with polar projections, every other oneo'f which is bifurcated, main coils on the bodyportions of said bifurcated'polar projections, and phase-coils on one prong of said bifurcated polar projections, alternate pole-pieces being plain and nnwound; sub- 13. In an induction-motor, the combination with .an armature, ofv a field-core provided with polar projections, main `coils on alternate polar projections, phase or starting coils which include but a portion of said polar pro-4 jections, whereby, when .the lfield-poles'are energized, the phase or starting coils cause .the center of magnetism to be laterally displaced to produce an asymmetric field, which field when'the main coils attain their maximum value; substantially as described.

, In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses, this 8th day of August, 1899.

CHARLES. n.. MEs'roN.

Witnesses F. R, CORNWALL, A. S. GRAY.

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