USRE10945E - Electrical conductor - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES EDWARD Ws'roN, oF NEWARK, imw JERSEY.

ELECTRICAL connue-ron. i

SPBIPICATIONIormIng part of Letters Patent No. 19945. dated July 1,1. 1888-.. cumin xn. rennestime Ap'rn i1,- i'eee. sppnmmn for www men in; o. man.A semi No. giran.-

To all whom it may concern: ,y Be it known that I, AEownnn WESTON, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, aud resident of Newark,.in the countyof Essex and- 5 State of New Jersey, have discovered and invented certain ne w and ns ful Improvements in Electrical Conductors, o which the following is aspecilication, reference being had to' the drawings accompanying and forming part roofthesauie. W*

There are a great many electrical devices' containing long longthsof conductor, usually in the form of coils or in convolutions, through which inthe use or application of the instru'- 15 ment the current is passed., ,and in whichit is desirable, and often extremely important, Y to preserve a constant resistance. This is frequently n matter ofthe greatest diiculty, i-nasmuchas a strong current is aptto' raise the zo temperature o f the conductor, which, withall conductors heretofore use'd, operates to increase the resistance. In fact, the resistance of all such instru-ments varies with the tem. perature ofthe c'oils or conductors, to what- ;5 ever cause such variation in temperature may .be due. Y Among the instruments which are ,iujuriously affected by this property of con. doctors may be mentioned rheostats, articial. rcsistances,]mgnlators, vel ectricalmeters, in- 3o' dicators, or testing -instruments generally y whichare connected with a circuit or branch Vthereof for determining the strength of a currentor the potentialatany point in a circuit. Itis evident thata remedy for this is extremely 3g desirable, as it would add greatly tothe value aud edciency ofevery instrument to which it is applied.` t

I' have discovered, first, that the metal mangauese imparts a very high electricalresist- 4o ance, and; in facha higheaspecic electricalr 'rcsistancethan can be obtained by the addition of. any other metal, to alloys into whichitl enters as a constituent; and, second, that the addition of said manganese has the further re- 45 markable propert-yol' rendering the electrical Y. resistance of such alloys nearly or quite con. Y stent under varying conditions of temperature. -f carry this discovery intmpractical eicctby electrical conductors, such as the coils 5o or con actors of electrical measuring-.instruof a metallic alloy containing manga- ,for the above-named purposes.

-of the instrumeutsabovereferred to.

Y nung An alloy of manganese with copper.,

produces a conductor 'having thc aforesaid characteristics, which is of Agreat'. excellence This alloy is is made by the common process of melting the two metals; but in practice I prefer to employ ferro-manganese on account of its greater cheapness, and this I use in the proportions ol- ,A

copper, seventy parts; ferro-manganese, thirty 6o parts, or thereabout. This alloy iscapable of being rolled and drawn, and is made up into wire in the usual way. This wire I use either bare or covered in making the coils or helices l In the `drawings I have shown various forms ofceitowhich my discoyery is advantageously app 1 F'gure 1 is. a common form of artificial re sistance,`consistiug of a bare wire,y A, wound7o` i lon insulating-rods B. This wire, when made of manganese andv copper or its equivalent, does not substantial! y vary in eleetricalrcsistf ance, however muchit may become heated from the passage of the current, or from other sources. Fig. 2 is an ordinary -form of electro'-magu`et, such as might he used in a'regn lator. Fig. 3 is anv ordinary forni of helix andl core,typieal of the many forms of electro-magnet used in indicators, meters, 'and the like: Fig. 4 is a set of V`coils such as appear in galvauometers.- L

In all these'cases, by making the coils ofthe alloy above described, the result of substantiall y constant resistance under varyingJ/tenr -peratures is obtained', whereby lunch labor in adjustment and computation may be saved in the practical -use of theinstniment. The exact proportion of the metals used mayvary some-- what; but'while I have found thatthe addi- 9c tion of manganesejor ferromanganese in any proportion to copper is an advantage, so far as preserving a constant resistauccis concern'ed, I find that thebest results are obtained bathe use Aof'uhout seventy parts` of copper to c5 t irty'of' ferro-manganese. This alloy solely vas a new composition of matter I don'ot claim.

herein.

i What I claim is- Au electrical conductor consisting of a maAV material the electrical resistance of which is substantially constant under varying tempera- 'trea t y An electricalconductor composed of an olloy containing manganese, the elccztrical i'csistsnce of which conductor is substantially constant onder varying temperatures.

3. In an electrical apparatng-a conductor 5 composed of an alloy containing mangancsc and copper or its eqnivlent.

4. A coil or conductor Awound in convollrA -tions composed of nu alloy of manganese and copper' or its equivalent.

lo 5. A coilor conductor wound in convolutionscomposedofcoppcrand fcrro-manganc,

lin the proportions of scvcnty parts of copper coils or conductors of which are composed of and thirty parts vof ferromanganesc. y 6. A rheostot, resistance, or'other electrical instrument of the kind herein described, the l.

an alloy of manganese and copper or its equivl nient.l 1

EDWARD WESTON. Wtn:

` PARK BENJAMIN.'

EDGAR GooDwIN.

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