USRE1014E - Improvement in air-engines - Google Patents

Description

1 full, clear, and exact description, reference beof this specification, in which-.

section on the line'W W.of Figs. 3 vand 4, the

main heater on Z Z of Fig.' 2.

' in the employment of auxiliary heaters, which are so connected together .and with each' 'supply of] fthe-:engine shall be pumped in 'against` the minimum' pressurewithi'n the i ssts in passing the air which propels the' pis# UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

" PEILANDEE SHAW, oF Bos'ron, MASSACHUSETTS.

iMPaovEMi-:NT IN AA|ia--Euieluuiei Specieationforming parket' Letters Patent To all u-wm it may concern i Be it known that I, PHILANDER S HAw,'of Boston, formerly of East Abington, in the county of Plymouth and State'of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvementsin Hot-'Air Engines, of which th'e following is `a ing had to the annexed drawings,making part- Figure 1 iS a plan of the engine; Fig. 2, al

shell of the auxiliary heater being removed to show the parts within Fig. 3, a sectionon the line Y Y of Fig. l; Fig. 4,.a section on X X of Fig. 1 Fig. 5, an enlarged section oft the The'nature of 'my invention consists, first,

other by means of valves thatthe air for the.

main heater, while it is worked oit'. at the maxi! mum pressure.

My invention also consists-in passing the exhaust air from the cylinder together with the-smoke and heated gases from' theefurn'ace through the auxiliary heaters-n. one direction, VWhile'the air for the supply of .the en gine is'causedto pass in the contrary direction through tubes within 'these auxiliary heaters, by. which means lthe heat is extracted l from' the exhaust air and smoke and transferred to the air-on its wayfroin the air-pump to the heater; and my invention also con-- tou directly through the lire for the purpose of s economizing heat, as will now be more tully described. f

Great inconvenience has" heretofore been. experienced in the Working of hot-air engines from the diftcultyof obtaining apacking th at will resist the great tem'peraturetowhich'the piston is liable to be raised'. To remedy this inconvenience have adopted the plan of refrigerating the pistonby means of a constant stream of cold water, which is made-to circulate through its interior, and thus preserve it at a temperature not exceeding that of boiling water.

To enable others skilled in the art to make fNo. 10,868, cated May e, ism; Reissue No. 1,614, dated July 17,1860.

scribe the"methodwhich Lhave adopted of carrying it out,describing iirst my' separate improvements, and finally the general opera tion of the complete engine.

A is the main heater, into which the air isV received from the auxiliary heaters, and in which it receives a final heating 4preparatory toI being admitted to the working-cylinder.

beneath the heater A. a arevertical tubes which pass entirely through the heater, and through which the smoke and burning gases from the furnace passL D is a chamber'which entirely surrounds the heater and fire-,bom and which opens at the top into the chimneyy or smoke-box E, and communicates with the chamber beneath the -furnace through the openings d ,in its bottom plate, 'the object ot'.

lair-pipe of communication between the aux? surrounded-by'the vsmoketlue G, and is fur# nished witha valve, b,`opening downward at which is divided'into three sections or 'minor heaters, H H71 Hm: These sections are sep- .the 'heater' bychamhe'rsfl I 1- 1U', formed by close-fitting partitions, f 'ff'ljm 1m/f5, the chambers I l Pl 13v communicating wit whence it passes o" nt above explained it. will which pass thro n'communicate with veach other through the short tubes L L. These tubes are itted at their advance ends with valves e c. The air from the force-pump is admitted into these the tubes-L and L and the valves e t,in a lmanner which will be hereinafter more fully described.

and use my invention, I will proceed to de- N is the Working cylinder; o, the hot-airbox B is the re-box 5. G, the ash-pitof'the furnace which will be explained hereinafter.` F is an :mary ana the mainiheaters, whchis entirely its lower extremity. His'the auxiliary heater,

arated fromeach other and from the ends of each other through the tubes c c' c K K( K.

-into the chamber l", thence through the tubesy `beperceived, tha t the compartments H( H2 B3. are entirely shut ,oi' from the' chambers I--I".I.If and from the -sinoke-ues c and K,

ugh them.A They, however,

compartments in succession, passing through which communicates with the heater A,

.through the pipe P. Q is the hollow piston,

the piston-rod of which is also hollow, as seen Y in Fig. 2. g is a tube inclosed within the hol- S' are india-rubber` tubes from the top 4and bottom of thisl receptacle, whichcommunicate one with the interior of the hollow piston and. the other with the small tube inclosed therein. By this` means the Water from the receptacle R is causedtoirjc'ulate continually through the hollowfpiston, which is thus preventedY mentioned.y l. H Y i T is the discharge-pipe from the 'Workingf cylinder, which is made to enter the ash-pit (J immediately beneath the grate-bars. All the advantages resulting frotnturging the fire with heated air are thus obtained. -The exee`ss of the exhaustair not'required bythe fire passes through the openings d into the chamh er l), which incases the furnace, and ott' vfrom becoming injuriou'siy heated,fas before.

with the; heated gases, and the products of combustion through theiiue Gr into the chamber 13, whence they pass out in the manner already described. By thus passing the eX# haust-air into the chamber D, I am enabled to economize the heat' which would otherwise be radiated from the outside of the furnace.

The object of thus exhausting the hot air, from the cylinder into the ash-pit beneath the `f'urnac'e-is tvo"'old; first., the re is urgtd.

. compartment-11'". passes through the with heated air 5 secondly, such portion ot' the exhaust air as is not thus consumed passes .with the products of the furnace into the'auxiliary heaters, there it is refrigerated by the fresh air entering from the force-pump', ina manner that will be presently explained.

V is the force-pump for supplying the hcaty er Wit-h air, .the a-rea of its piston being about one-half that of the Working-piston.` .Air is admitted to this pump through the valves g" and escapes through valves in the top of the,

cylinder into the chamber h; thence it passes by the pipeA into the compartmentH lof the auxiliary heater. Here itcirculates round the outside of `the smoke passages and tubes, c K, and passes (when the pressure is removed from the main heater, in the manner which will be hereinafter explained) through the short communication-pipes L and Valves-l into the compartmentdl". Here it again circulates round the smokepipes c K and through the pipe L and valve e into the From this compartment it pipe F and' valve b -into the heater A.

It is evident that-the auxiliary heater may U consist of one or more compartments, there being always a valve-communication between the last of such compartments and the main heater.

Operation: The air within the main heater .A, as it expands, closes the valve b, which,

Vlationto the Working-cylinder that when cut ott' at three'fourths stroke, or thereabout, the pressure Within the heater A shall be vvery much reduced. The Valves b e e then open, or as soon as the pressure in the compartments is reduced below what it is in the one behind-it, and the pressure for an instant is .the samein all the compartments. .The expan'sion caused bythe extreme heatwithin the heater- A soon -closes the valve b, the valvesje e being in likeinanner closed, as the heat` Within the compartment H" is greater than thatwithin El, and so on, it being nearer tothe furnace, The pressurewithin H thus always remains at very near the minimum, and as the air is pumped into this compartment itis evident that it is only re sisted by this minimum pressure, While it is worked olf from the main heater' A at its maximum pressure.

The exhaust-air from the cylinder, as before stated, enters the close ashpit C, and vthe fire passes o'with the products of combustion,

and is refrigerated in the auxiliary heater H by the entering air. The exhaust'air may be made to enter the-auxiliary heater with the smoke from the furnace, and thus a portion ot' the advantages above described will be secured; but IL prefer the exhaust beneath the fire, for the reasons already set forth. Several heaters and-auxiliaryheaters may be adapted to a single engine, a charge of air being'taken from each in succession.

What I claim as my' invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The withinldescribed auxiliary heater, constructed and arranged as set forth, the exhaustair and the products ofcombustion being passed through in one-direction, Whilethe cold air from the force-pump is passed through inthe other, by which means the heat is extracted from the heated air and smoke, andv pressure much less `than that at which it is worked oi' from the main heater, as explained. 2. I do not claim the use of cold Water for the purposeof refrigerating the cylinder or piston of hot-air or other engines 5' bu't'what l do claim is the arrangement herein described of the tubes Within the piston-rod, the reservoir R, and the india-rubber tubes S S', for the purpose set forth.

3. Passing the exhaust-'air whichhas propelled the piston directly" through the fire for thepurpose of economizing heat, as set forth.

PHILANDER SHAW.

Witnesses:

Tuo. R. ROACH, P;E. TnsoHEMAcHER'.

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