USRE10056E - atteill - Google Patents

Description

' v 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. H. Y; ATTRILL n W. FARMER;

Said' FARMER assiguor to said ATTRILL. rPROCESS OP ANDAPPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS-FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURBOSBS.

No. 10,056. Y RissuedMar. 7,1882.

.Nam m 2 sneetswshei 2,

H. Y, ATTRILL 8a W. FARMER,

. Said FARMER assigner to said ATTRILL.- A PROCESS OFAND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPGSES.

N0.10,056. i 4 Reissued Marlmaz.'

'i i I l t; n i i wf /JL @ed y l Mmm l PATENT (OFFICE.

HENRY Y. A'lllitllill AND vWILLAM FARMER., 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.; SAD FARMER. ASSIG-'OR TO SAU) ATTRlLL.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOll MANUFACTUlllNG GAS FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Ressued Letters Patent `No. 10,056, datediMarch 7, 1882.

Hriginal No. 221206, dated February 1.0, 1880.

Application for reissue tiled Marrh .'10, NEO.

To all whom 'it may concern: l

Be it known that we, HENRY Y. ATTRiLL and \VILL1'AM FARMER, both of New York, in the county and Siate of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in the Processes-o1" and Apparatus for Manufacturing Gus 'for Heating and Illuminating lTurposes, ot' which the following isaspeeilication.

We can use asthe material either a suitable quality of eoul'or otherl solid gas-producir],f rl map terial, among which may be any of the shales which are sufiiciently bituminous; or we can use petroleum or other lluids having the requi- .site gas-producing qualities by mingling them with .t sutlieient quantity of solid material, which. may be itself prodaeingorf not.

011e ot' themost primitive modes of manufacturing gasfrom coal was to cause it to'deseend slowly in a vertical retort properly heated, supplying fresh material at the top and taking away the coke at the bottom. To adopt that general plan; but as heretofore worked the plan involves diiliculties which our invention' avoids. One was in the removal of the colte, which was only partially overcome by immers- `ing the entire lower end-th'e delivery end-4- in a tank of water, and consequently saturatinf.r the coke by removing it through the water. lYe will describe the operationas conducted 3o with cannel-coul. l

By our met-hod,-as by. other approved modes of manufacture, only a fractione-say from twenty to twenty-live per centof the material is consumed to produce the requisite heat for the decomposition. We can, if preferred, remove the surplus in the forrn ot' coke; but yin whatwe esteem the best manner of working we propose to carry the distillation much far` ther than has been usually practiced, employing the poor gas for heating purposes, while the richer gas, given off at an earlier stage in the process', is taken away through another passage or passages, to be used l'or illu-minating gas. ie carry the distillation so l'ar that the remaining colte will little, if any, more than supply the heat required. .In other words, the residuum, after the proper illuminating-gas is taken ot", is utilized in the form of heating-gas, which may be led away through a sepuratc w. can take away the whole or a part in the form ot' coke, if preferred. The perfection` to which exhausters and theiroperation have been carried allows ns to maintain on any given pipe exactly the desired amount of pressure or of vacuum. .Ve maintain, by ajudicous opera.- tion of this wellhnown apparatus, a pressurev in the retort so nearly that of the atmosphere that the upper end may be left entirely open during the briet period requisite for charging. 6o

By suitable means, as a delicately-adjustable valve controlling' the passage through a tall stack, we can regulate the draft of the fire so as to hold a neutral line at or near a uniform llevel near the base of the retort, while allowingthe retort to pour its co n tents directly upon thegrate, where itis consumed.

The flue or flues leading from the lire-space,A at the 'base of the retort convey what we terniri the heating-gas. In addition totheordiuaryl 7o products ot' combustion risingfrom afire,t is largely loaded with poor gas from the latter portion of the distillation. Roughlyfthe gases from our tire containA sisty per cent. of inert capable of yielding much heat by burning into carbonio acid at a subsequent period; two per cent. of carboniov acid, and eight per cent. of poor gas, which is almpst all hydrogen-a very valuable fuel. .The gas from this source,after 8o being cooled and conducted toany required point, will be found highly valuable as a heating-gas for any purposes in the arts where great heat with little light is required. The heat is applied to the extremelowerportion of the retort. by its direct contact with the fire .into which the coke ifs being slowly delivered. The heat is suppliedto the upper portion of the ret'ort through theanediunrot' gas. The required proportion of theheati n ggas is taken there directly, while'rctainingits original heat.v XVe provide for receiving and heating aqualitity of pure air in suitable lilies adjacent to the lire and for. mingling this airin a proper manner with the heated gases, thus providing a. 95 longl and intense llame., which bathcs the entire middle and upper port-ion of the retort.

le a re aware that illuminatin gfgas has been distilled from coal in retorts, and that the re- 5o pipe and utilized in any desired manner, but

nitrogen, thirty percent. of carbonio oxide, 75-

sidual Vcoke of such distillation has been disroo charged into a secondary generator, and there converted into aheating-gas by thcadmission of air and steam. Our invention differs essentially from this, as will appear'below.

The accompanying drawings form a. part of this specification, and represent what we consider the best ineans of carrying out the invention.

Figure 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2, a central vertical section, and Fig. 3 a vertical sec,- tion in a plane at right angles to that in Fi". 2. The remaining figures are horizon tal 'sections. Fig. 4 is a section on the linepp iu- Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line q q in Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference .indicate like parts in all the figures.

A is a massot' masonry lined with lire-brick. The grate a may be of any ordinary construction. Ordinary provisions (not shown) allow access ot' air to feed the flame and facilities for shaking the. grate-bars. It will be understood that the fuel-supplyis automatic through the descent of the coke from above. .A little above the grate thc central vertical chamber, b, is enlarged. A littlev higher it is slightly contracted. Above this is aiconsiderahle length of straight, vertical, round, smooth retort, of

creasing upward.

well-fitted lid or any other suitable provision formatting au approximately gas-tight joint.

- the single letter m. the bottom the combustion is mainly effected.

WVe willmark the interior of this retort by In the enlargement near Above this the material is subjected only to distillation. v7e provide for intensely heating the retort quite to the top by making an annular chamber around theinterior lining, between this andthe outercoating,and circulatngthereina current of the heating-gas received from below with as'utlicient supply offresh air to induce complete combustion. Both the heating-gas and the air supplied thereto being previously heated, the resulting condition is a very high temperature, so that the distillation of the coal commences in thc top and proceeds actively, and the coal becomes coked rapidly in its descent.

We have shown a thick mass of masonry exing thc entire upper portion cti-thc chamber m.

The material 'forming the upper part of the t chamber m ismadc in the form of short lengths of tube M, matched ti glitlyftogether and steadied in the required position by curved blocks N, resting on shoulders M at the base, and bracing their` outer surfaces against the interior of the surrounding masonry A. They are formed with liberal openings to allow the hot gas to rise freely. Each section ot' thetubeM 1n ay, for smallretorts, be made'iu one piece. For larger ones we propose to make each in four pieces, fitted together with verticaljoints.

The rich gas which is given off by the moderately-heated coal at thel extreme upper portion ofthe apparatus ttows downward, and, being compelled to pas-e, through the more intensely-heated porti below, becomes thoroughly fixed and mixed with the products of alittle later distillation, so as to deliver a practically-uniform quality of the best illuminating-gas through the radial passages "c, These are formed by fire-clay tubes E, which traverse the chambersc2 Iand deliver the gas into mouthpieces D, which are formed with any ordinary or suitable provisions t'oi; leading the gas up toa hydraulic main, (not represented,) and for v allowing the coke to he withdrawn through these passages, if desired. Wlhen commercial' coke is to be removed by this means we propose to employ an endless screw, with provisions for moving it in and out as well as rotating it at proper intervals.

fresh air is admitted and caused to return several times. From the upper convolution it is led outward through a passage, g', and minglcs with the heating-gas rising in thepass'agc c. The union ot' the fresh air, already highly along and ,hot dame, which lills the angular chamber c3 and bathes the entire upper'scctions of the tubular structure'M. Such portion ofthe heating-gas flowing outward through' the ilue c as is not required to maintain the ltemperature for the distillation is led away through the outlets 7s, from whence it may be conducted in anydesircd direction, and utilized in any manner on the salue premises to impart heat for manufacturing purposes, or it may be carried through pipes in the streets to distant points where heat and not light is required.

It will be observed that there are t'our principal zones in this furnace, retort, or cupola. The upper is the drying and heating zonc. The next is thc carbonizing and illuminating-gas zone, from which the gas is drawn out through 'the passages c and outlets marked w s. The next is the neutral zone, whichYK lies between thc illuminating and heating gas outlets, and 'the next orlowestisthc furnace or heatinggas zone. v

Modilications may be made in many ofthc details without sacri'ticing thc advantages of our invention'. i

We can bevel thejunction ot the radialfpassages c to the central ,upright passage, in, in

the same manner as the corresponding juncheated with-the hot combustible gas,'induccs Te provide deep narrow dues g, int-o which A tions et' the passages c are formed.

This will facilitate the descent of the eolie, when, as in our preferable mode ci' wol-hing', all the eolie is to be burned; or we can widen the junctions ofthe passages @until theyexiend quito around a tubular lining', M, which is ont7 perforated to allow the outl'iow ot' the gas. In such ease "we eouldnot extract Vthe eolie, but would necessarily pass it all down to the lire.

Snme'ot Athev openings, with Stoppers pro-I vided i'or clearing' the lines, maybe omitted, or more may be provided.

All the exlntusters and other ordinary or suitable attachments and appliances used in connection with analogous works may be applied with our invL-fnlion.

XVe propose to provide a gas-holder for the heating-gas, with a liberal passage therefrom through which to supply the stored gas to invigorate the tire at, any moment when, through inattention or any cause, the heat, from the ordinary sources has become temporarily deticient` We can employ three or other larger number 'of iin-.1l exit-lines for the produc-is oi' eon'tbustion, in vplace et the two passages c represented ,5 or we can dispense with one ot' these, and employ' only one,leading the spent gases therefrom directly to a stack. (Not represented.)

re can use a step-grate at the iront of the/ fornace, and a balanced door, as indicated in Figs If and 3, or any other suitable means o conveniently adjusting the draft.

We may in some instances, especially for large forms el' the apparatus, prei'er to talle away-r ihe illuminating-gas through a pipe ol iron or other-material, which shell descend from the top in the center of thevertieal chainber or `vertieal retort m down to a proper distance. lt may not be 'necessary to extend such pipe quite down to the level ot' the tlues c; but wc esteelnit; important that the gas be aused to traverse downward from the upper points whore it tirst begins to be liberated, so

that no gas shall be delivered in a too rich or toopnor eondi'titm, bnl; all will be fixed and thoroughly ini fried by ecmpellintg' that iirst liberated, as wt las all the rest, to pass through an intensely-healed portion ot' the coke.

At will steam may be led into the vfurnace under the grate, it desired. Ne believc'this means ol' adding; hydrogen may, by this apparatus, be made highly alliant-agencia, ordinary means being' employed te remove the Carbonia: arid resulting` troni the union oi' the oxygeimthe steam with thccarboncl the coke.

The retorts or cupclas may he oval, square, circular, or oblong in shape, and a4 series of them may be set over the saine furnace. The retort's or eupolas may also be set either vertically or in any angle between forty-live degrees and ninetydegrees. ihey can beworlied largely by steam-power. y

lhc coal or other umterial. can be raised in elevators and moved along by conveyors. lt

can he conveyed into the top oS the rct'orts by anyv approved means which will atiord an airlock, as revolving,` hollow cylinders wilhtwo or more chambers made air-rightI and worked by hand or other power. This may be made the subject of a further application t'or patent.

Ne propose to make the hars ot' the grate saw-shaped, and to draw to and l'ro ily-hand, steam, or other power. This may be made the .subject oi' a further application.

lfe claim as our inventionl. The within-deserthed process furthe manufacture ot' consisting in causing the gasproducingr material to traverse slowly through a generator, and besnhjeeted to a continuons er increasing' high 'temperature and distilled to ditl'erent degrees, and drawing oit' and conducting away independently dillerent grades 0i' gas at dili'erent points in the generator, as herein speciied. f

2. "lhe within-described inode of' operation to produce gases ot diit'erent grades, consisting in, iirst, causing` the eas-producing material to slowly traverse the generaling-chamber; second, admitting air and maintaining; the residuuln of said material in a state of partial combustion third, heating` thereby current ol' air for subsequent, application to the gas; fourth, withdrawing the poor gas mixed with the carbonio oxide resulting,I from the partial combustion ot the residuum; lit'th, separating` and conducting; away a. portion Ot' the mixed gases; sixth, admitting' the heated air to the remainder oi' the mixed gases and burning,` them; seventh, heating' thereby the part l" the 'chamber in which fresh material is introduced; eighth, distillinp; by such neat theg'ases and vapors 'roin the freshly-introduced charges; ninth, passing' said vapors and gases through partially distilled and coked portions .which have a higher temperature; and, tenth, withdrawing the illuminatil'ig-gas without admijvture with the poor gas, the two gases being,` heptseparate, as herein specified.

3. rlhe combinati-on ot` the chamber or stach' m, having a combostion-chamber at-.the bottom, with the independent pipes c and c--for withdrawing the gases oi'dilierentgrades without adtnixture, substantially as described.

f1. The combination ot' the chamber m., having combustion-chamber atthe bottom and the line (j surrounding' its upper part, with the independent pipes e Aand c, the latter communicatin;l with the lines 0;, subslantially as dcseribed.

5. Ilhe apparatus described, having, in com bination, the upright retort fm, surrounding liner, lire-grate o. provisions` e l'or taking away thc iilnininating-gras, provisions c c' c2 c3 i'or taking' away and utilizing,- the poor or heating,` gas, and passages g g t'or supplying heated air to mingle with the products'of combustion,

and supplyheat to the material at the early stages ot' its distillation, substantially as here: in specilled. y

6.' In fthe construction of au apparatus for the continuous and simultaneous production IUS IIC)

and separation' of heating and illuminating gases, or for the continuous uni'imt'nctn'reof beating gases alone, ythe combination nl' a furnace 01' combustion-chmnbu1, n revert m' distilling-clmmber, with its surrounding; lines at top and bottom,mnl the pipes arranged at different; levels for witlullawnl un will of gases 0f different c0n1p0sitinn,a.mi the flue connect-- ing the lower eduction-pipe with. the upper lo ue Surrnnmling the retort, whereby the said apparatus muy at will be devoted to the simultaneous production und separation of illumina-ting;` und heating gases or the production of lreaiingguses ulune, ull in the manner substantially asdcscribed.

Il. Y. ATTRILL. XVM. FARMER. Witnesses:

l THEODORE RiT'rER,

CHARLES C. STETSON.

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