USPP7490P - Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A4" - Google Patents
Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A4" Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP7490P USPP7490P US07/344,279 US34427989V US7490P US PP7490 P USPP7490 P US PP7490P US 34427989 V US34427989 V US 34427989V US 7490 P US7490 P US 7490P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tree
- medium
- med
- nut
- keauhou
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 240000007575 Macadamia integrifolia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940083753 renown Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000023753 dehiscence Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012505 colouration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001157813 Cercospora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000011842 Serrate-Jagged Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010036039 Serrate-Jagged Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010154 cross-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/54—Leguminosae or Fabaceae, e.g. soybean, alfalfa or peanut
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a new and distinct variety of Macadamia tree believed to be a cross of Macadamia integrifolia ⁇ tetraphylla which was identified in a cultivated area.
- this tree is a combination of an increase in leaf serrations per unit distance and a ratio of 1:1 between 3-leaf and 4-leaf whorls as sampled over a sample of a minimum 100 specimens.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical tree specimen of the new variety, named "Hidden Valley A4".
- FIG. 2 shows typical nut clusters of the new variety.
- FIG. 3 shows a comparison of the leaves of the new variety with those of the known variety ⁇ HAES 246 ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the kernel and nut of the new variety with the kernal and nut of the known variety ⁇ HAES 246 ⁇ .
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the kernel and nut of the new variety.
- the variety results from a seedling derived from the open pollination of a female parent of the variety Renown, itself a hybrid of M. integrifolia ⁇ M. tetraphylla.
- the seedling may have arisen from self-pollination or from cross-pollination with the nearest possible pollinators being of the varieties Own Choice, Keauhou, Kakea and N.R.G. Based on morphological comparison, the most likely pollen parent is Own Choice.
- the cultivar has been successfully and successively grafted onto a variety of rootstock yielding trees of consistent character and having good yield characteristics, while maintaining kernel quality and beneficial growth characteristics. The cultivar was discovered and propagated at Hidden Valley Plantations, Beerwah, Queensland, Australia.
- Tree The tree is semi-erect in habit (more than Keauhou but less than Nutty Glen), moderately branched with a canopy of medium density (more dense than Hidden Valley A16 but less dense than Keauhou or Own Choice). The branches are more drooping than Keauhou. Leaves are found with both three and four leaves per node in a 1:1 ratio throughout the tree, unlike Keauhou and Kau which have predominantly three leaves per node and Renown which has predominantly four leaves per node. The grafted stock is strongly vigorous with shoots of medium thickness (thinner than Own Choice but thicker than Hidden Valley A16) with a mean of 42 mm between nodes, which sparse pubescence and weak anthocyanin coloration (R.H.S. color 152A) on new flushes. The tree has a relatively short juvenile phase (shorter than Keauhou or Kau) and a higher tolerance to Cercospora husk spot than observed for Own Choice.
- Leaves The leaves are narrow elliptical with a mean 3.69 times longer than wide, broader than Nutty Glen or Renown but narrower than Keauhou or Kau with an acutely pointed tip similar to Renown.
- the leaves are serrate with a mean 1.36 spines per cm which is characteristic and more than any known variety. Serrations are more shallow than Nutty Glen and spines are shorter than Renown.
- Leaves are only weakly undulated and weakly rolled compared with Keauhou.
- the young leaves are pale green (R.H.S. 137B) and mature leaves are dark green (R.H.S. 139A) and dull surfaced (similar to Nutty Glen) with distinctly lighter margins (R.H.S. 10A).
- the racemes are cream colored, larger than Keauhou or Kau, and very dense on the tree.
- the tree has a shorter flowering period than Keauhou, which starts earlier and finishes later, but a longer flowering period than Hidden Valley A16.
- the tree has a tendency to have a second late flowering in seasons with favorable rainfall.
- the husk is of medium thickness (similar to Keauhou, thinner than Renown) with a medium hilum end point (smaller than Renown and larger than Kau) and a mildly shouldered pedicel (less than Own Choice). Husk dehiscence is partly on the tree (less than Nutty Glen and Renown) but mainly on the ground. There is an average of 1.7 nuts per raceme. There is no pre-germination on the tree observed (as in Nutty Glen) and very low incidence of fruit remaining on the tree or double embryo fruit as compared with Own Choice.
- the nuts are oval, 1.04 times longer than wider, less oval and more even than Renown but less round than Keauhou.
- the shell is light brown (R.H.S. 164A) with a smooth surface (smoother than Nutty Glen or Renown but more coarse than Kau) and a moderate sheen (more than Nutty Glen but less than Keauhou).
- the shell is thinner at the micropyle end (thinner than Kau but thicker than Nutty Glen).
- the suture is about the same color as the shell while the micropyle is barely visible. No twin mark is evident.
- Kernel The kernel is ovoid, creamy white with very little upper/lower color difference and a mean weight of 3.5 gm. The kernel averages about 45% of the weight of the nut at 1.5% moisture content. All kernels have an oil accumulation about above 72% (100% first grade floaters recorded).
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new variety of Macadamia hybrid Integrifolia×tetraphylla has been identified that is particularly characterized by its high number of serrations per unit length on its leaf edge and a ratio of 1:1 between 3-leaf and 4-leaf whorls.
Description
The present invention is directed to a new and distinct variety of Macadamia tree believed to be a cross of Macadamia integrifolia×tetraphylla which was identified in a cultivated area.
Among the distinct characteristics of this tree is a combination of an increase in leaf serrations per unit distance and a ratio of 1:1 between 3-leaf and 4-leaf whorls as sampled over a sample of a minimum 100 specimens.
Asexual reproduction of the new variety has been accomplished by grafting scion stock taken from the original seedling plant onto both seedling and mature rootstock of various other Macadamia varieties. The variety has maintained character regardless of rootstock, and exhibitied the following characteristics and distinctions true to form through succeeding propagations.
FIG. 1 shows a typical tree specimen of the new variety, named "Hidden Valley A4".
FIG. 2 shows typical nut clusters of the new variety.
FIG. 3 shows a comparison of the leaves of the new variety with those of the known variety `HAES 246`.
FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the kernel and nut of the new variety with the kernal and nut of the known variety `HAES 246`.
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the kernel and nut of the new variety.
The variety results from a seedling derived from the open pollination of a female parent of the variety Renown, itself a hybrid of M. integrifolia×M. tetraphylla. The seedling may have arisen from self-pollination or from cross-pollination with the nearest possible pollinators being of the varieties Own Choice, Keauhou, Kakea and N.R.G. Based on morphological comparison, the most likely pollen parent is Own Choice. The cultivar has been successfully and successively grafted onto a variety of rootstock yielding trees of consistent character and having good yield characteristics, while maintaining kernel quality and beneficial growth characteristics. The cultivar was discovered and propagated at Hidden Valley Plantations, Beerwah, Queensland, Australia.
The following is a detailed description of the new variety, with color terminology determined in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society (R.H.S.) Colour Chart number. The characteristics and morphology listed below represents mean measurements from a minimum of one hundred specimens from trees grown in Beerwah, Queensland, Australia.
Tree: The tree is semi-erect in habit (more than Keauhou but less than Nutty Glen), moderately branched with a canopy of medium density (more dense than Hidden Valley A16 but less dense than Keauhou or Own Choice). The branches are more drooping than Keauhou. Leaves are found with both three and four leaves per node in a 1:1 ratio throughout the tree, unlike Keauhou and Kau which have predominantly three leaves per node and Renown which has predominantly four leaves per node. The grafted stock is strongly vigorous with shoots of medium thickness (thinner than Own Choice but thicker than Hidden Valley A16) with a mean of 42 mm between nodes, which sparse pubescence and weak anthocyanin coloration (R.H.S. color 152A) on new flushes. The tree has a relatively short juvenile phase (shorter than Keauhou or Kau) and a higher tolerance to Cercospora husk spot than observed for Own Choice.
Leaves: The leaves are narrow elliptical with a mean 3.69 times longer than wide, broader than Nutty Glen or Renown but narrower than Keauhou or Kau with an acutely pointed tip similar to Renown. The leaves are serrate with a mean 1.36 spines per cm which is characteristic and more than any known variety. Serrations are more shallow than Nutty Glen and spines are shorter than Renown. Leaves are only weakly undulated and weakly rolled compared with Keauhou. The young leaves are pale green (R.H.S. 137B) and mature leaves are dark green (R.H.S. 139A) and dull surfaced (similar to Nutty Glen) with distinctly lighter margins (R.H.S. 10A).
Mean leaf length.--144.54 mm with standard deviation (s.d.) of 22.6.
Mean leaf width.--39.23 mm with s.d. of 5.84.
Mean petiole length.--8.3 mm with s.d. of 1.48.
Flower: The racemes are cream colored, larger than Keauhou or Kau, and very dense on the tree. The tree has a shorter flowering period than Keauhou, which starts earlier and finishes later, but a longer flowering period than Hidden Valley A16. The tree has a tendency to have a second late flowering in seasons with favorable rainfall.
Fruit: The husk is of medium thickness (similar to Keauhou, thinner than Renown) with a medium hilum end point (smaller than Renown and larger than Kau) and a mildly shouldered pedicel (less than Own Choice). Husk dehiscence is partly on the tree (less than Nutty Glen and Renown) but mainly on the ground. There is an average of 1.7 nuts per raceme. There is no pre-germination on the tree observed (as in Nutty Glen) and very low incidence of fruit remaining on the tree or double embryo fruit as compared with Own Choice.
Mean fruit length.--50.05 mm with s.d. 2.82 (with pedicel and hilum).
Mean fruit width.--33.76 mm with s.d. 1.76.
Nut: The nuts are oval, 1.04 times longer than wider, less oval and more even than Renown but less round than Keauhou. The shell is light brown (R.H.S. 164A) with a smooth surface (smoother than Nutty Glen or Renown but more coarse than Kau) and a moderate sheen (more than Nutty Glen but less than Keauhou). The shell is thinner at the micropyle end (thinner than Kau but thicker than Nutty Glen). The suture is about the same color as the shell while the micropyle is barely visible. No twin mark is evident. There is moderate (less than Renown or Nutty Glen) pale flecking (R.H.S. 165C) in radial streaks from the micropyle end.
Mean nut diameter.--26.27 mm (Range 22-30 mm) with s.d. 1.38.
Mean nut weight.--7.5 gm.
Kernel: The kernel is ovoid, creamy white with very little upper/lower color difference and a mean weight of 3.5 gm. The kernel averages about 45% of the weight of the nut at 1.5% moisture content. All kernels have an oil accumulation about above 72% (100% first grade floaters recorded).
Yield: Recorded nut yields to date have been estimated to be higher per unit area than for Keauhou or Own Choice. This is based on recording yield per tree divided by tree silhouette area.
The following Table 1 compares many of these features of Hidden Valley A4 (HVA4) with the other varieties Hidden Valley A16 (HVA16), Keauhou, Kau, Own Choice, Nutty Glen, and Renown.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Character HV A4 Keauhou Kau
______________________________________
TREE
Growth semi- spreading erect
habit erect
Canopy medium medium high
density low
Lower drooping level strongly
branch rising
attitude
Vigour, v-strong medium med-weak
grafts
Shoot medium medium med-thin
thickness
Anthocyanin
weak absent absent
colouration
RHS 152A
Juvenile v-short medium long
phase
LEAF
No. per 3,4 (50%) 3 3
axis
Shape Narrow Obovate Obovate
Ellipti-
cal
Tip acute obtuse obtuse
pointed rounded pointed
Length/ 3.69 3.25 3.42
breadth
length (mm)
144.54 138.82 125.09
Petiole 8.28 10.43 9.24
length (mm)
Marg: 1.36 0.12 0.17
Spines/cm
Mid portion
weak med-strong med-weak
Undulation
Rolling mid-weak med-weak med-weak
Mature dark dark dark
colour green green green
RHS Chart 139A 139A 139A
No.
Immature green green green
colour
RHS Chart 137B 137A-B 141A
No.
Margin paler paler similar
colour
Leaf sheen medium med-high med-high
Vein colour
153 B 152D 152C
or C
FLOWERING AND FRUIT
Flowering med-late medium v-early
time
Duration short medium long
Nuts/raceme
1.7 1.5 (est) 2.5 (est)
Raceme very dense medium
density dense
on tree
Raceme long short short-med
length
Husk color 137A-B 137A 137B
Husk thick-
3.7 mm 3 mm 2.7 mm
ness
% nut 14.1% 11.7% 10.6%
diameter
Hilum medium medium small
endpoint
Pedicel weak absent
shoulder
Dehiscence off-tree off-tree 1 off-tree
(1-5) 1 1
Splitting both 3 off-tree 5 off-tree
(1-5) 5
NUTS
Nut Shape oval round round
length/ 1.04 0.98 0.99
breadth
Nut 26.27 25.55 25.00
diameter (mm)
Range (mm) 22-30 21-30 22-28
Std 1.38 1.46 1.37
deviation (mm)
Kernel 3.6-3.8 2.3-2.7 2.2-2.5
weight (gm)
% of Nut 43-47 34-38 32-34
Shell smooth mild-rough smooth
texture
Shell medium dull dull
sheen
Shell moderate slight moderate
flecking
Micropyle v-slight obvious v-slight
Shell 164A 165B 165B
colour
(dried)
Suture same same lighter
colour
______________________________________
Character Own Choice Nutty Glen Renown
______________________________________
TREE
Growth spreading semi-erect semi-
habit erect
Canopy high low medium
density
Lower drooping rising drooping
branch
attitude
Vigour, strong strong
grafts
Shoot thin med-thin medium
thickness
Anthocyanin
weak medium
colouration weak
Juvenile med-short
phase
LEAF
No. per 3 4 4
axis
Shape Narrow Narrow Broad
Elliptical Obovate Lanceolate
Tip obtuse acute acute
rounded either pointed
Length/ 2.81 4.53 3.91
breadth
length (mm)
128.16 153.40 169.93
Petiole 8.65 4.77 7.33
length (mm)
Marg: 0.09 0.90 0.78
Spines/cm
Mid portion
medium weak weak
Undulation
Rolling med strong weak med-weak
Mature dark dark dark
colour green green green
RHS Chart 139A 137A
No.
Immature green green green
colour
RHS Chart 137B 143A
No.
Margin paler paler paler
colour
Leaf sheen low medium low-med
Vein colour
152D 153D
FLOWERING AND FRUIT
Flowering early late med-late
time
Duration
Nuts/raceme
2.0 (est) 1.5 (est)
Raceme dense med-
density dense
on tree
Raceme medium long long
length
Husk color 137A 138A
Husk thick-
3.2 mm 4.3 mm 4.4 mm
ness
% nut 12.1% 15.4% 16.4%
diameter
Hilum med-small small large
endpoint
Pedicel absent absent weak
shoulder
Dehiscence both 2 on-tree
(1-5) 3
Splitting off tree 4 on-tree 1 on-tree
(1-5) 2
NUTS
Nut Shape round round oval
length/ 1.04 0.99 1.12
breadth
Nut 25.96 28.04 26.85
diameter (mm)
Range (mm) 21-30 23-34 23-30
Std 1.57 2.02 1.45
deviation (mm)
Kernel 2.5-2.7 4.0 3.2-3.6
weight (gm)
% of Nut 33-36 46-47 39-41
Shell smooth rough rough
texture
Shell dull med-shiny shiny
sheen
Shell mod-heavy mod-slight mod-heavy
flecking
Micropyle v-slight v-slight v-slight
Shell 165A-B 165A-B 165B
colour
(dried)
Suture same same lighter
colour
______________________________________
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct hybrid Macadamia integrifolia×tetraphylla named Hidden Valley A4 substantially as shown and described.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU88/001 | 1988-04-26 | ||
| AU8800188 | 1988-04-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP7490P true USPP7490P (en) | 1991-04-09 |
Family
ID=3763259
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/344,279 Expired - Lifetime USPP7490P (en) | 1988-04-26 | 1989-04-26 | Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A4" |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP7490P (en) |
-
1989
- 1989-04-26 US US07/344,279 patent/USPP7490P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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