USPP5848P - Chrysanthemum plant named Hypy - Google Patents
Chrysanthemum plant named Hypy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP5848P USPP5848P US06/632,330 US63233084V US5848P US PP5848 P USPP5848 P US PP5848P US 63233084 V US63233084 V US 63233084V US 5848 P US5848 P US 5848P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hypy
- pyrethrins
- flowers
- content
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 title description 2
- VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N [(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate;[(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-3-[(e)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl Chemical class CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1.CC1(C)[C@H](/C=C(\C)C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrethrin Natural products CCC(=O)OC1CC(=C)C2CC3OC3(C)C2C2OC(=O)C(=C)C12 HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229940070846 pyrethrins Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000250966 Tanacetum cinerariifolium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 13
- ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N [2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940015367 pyrethrum Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000017372 Piretro di Dalmazia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000131317 Capitulum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010165 autogamy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Definitions
- the present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name Hypy.
- Hypy is a product of a planned breeding program which had the objective of creating new Chrysanthemum cultivars having the principle characteristics of high pyrethrins content, substantially erect growing habit, and producing flowers at a substantially uniform height.
- the cultivar is a stable and homogeneous variety when propagated asexually.
- UT(P)-6 The new variety has been designated by the cultivar name Hypy and is referred to hereinafter as UT(P)-6.
- the breeder stock is held by the University of Georgia Horticultural Research Centre, Hobart, Mov.
- UT(P)-6 is an outcome of a recurrent selection breeding program over a period of ten years. The original selections were taken from flowers grown at the University of Georgia Horticultural Research Centre in 1979.
- UT(P)-6 has been developed by a recurrent selection breeding programme.
- the programme started with morphologically heterogeneous and genetically heterozygous population of pyrethrum.
- the base population consisted of individuals with highly variable morphological traits like plant height, shape and size of the flowers, maturity, canopy shape, flower yield and the pyrethrins content.
- the range of variation in pyrethrins content, economically the most important character in pyrethrum was noticed from 0.14 to 2.11 percent. Similar magnitude of variation was observed in other agronomically important characters also. This highly variable population was handled as follows:
- the progeny raised from the seed from stage IV was screened for pyrethrins content, lodging resistance, flower yield and other desirable morphological traits.
- the screening was done in 1979 and 1980.
- one clone, bearing the selection number H80 014 was found to combine all the required characteristics. It was erect growing and showed a very high degree of lodging resistance. It produced the majority of flowers at the same height, giving high flower yield and 2.16 percent pyrethrins in the dry matter of the flowers. In fact it was the highest content of pyrethrins noticed in any clone at that stage in the entire breeding programme. Observations over the last three years in multi-location yield trials have revealed that the clone is consistent in its performance for all the characteristics mentioned above.
- Hypy pyrethrum was achieved by root splits and stem cuttings under mist propagation.
- root splits the crown was vertically split into several pieces, each with a well developed shoot and root.
- the stem cuttings were shoots without any roots and were rooted in a mist propagation bed with bottom heat around 23 ⁇ /° C.
- Gynoecium --Present both ray and disc florets.
- Hypy is a perennial plant and produces one flush in mid-December in southern Kenya (42°-43° S).
- Hypy can also be distinguished from other pyrethrum plants by qualitative analysis of pyrethrins in dried flowers at "3/4 disc florets open stage".
- This clone has been coded UT(P)-6. Its mean performance in multi-location yield trials is given in the following table and for comparison the performance of the crop raised from seed is also included.
- UT(P)-6 The most distinguishing features of UT(P)-6 are erect growing habit, lodging resistance and pyrethrins yield (kg/ha) of about three times more than the seed line.
- UT(P)-6 can be readily identified by applying a sporophytic incompatibility test.
- This test is essentially a biochemical reaction between male (pollen) and female (stigma) parts of a flower with identical genetic constitution to prevent self-fertilization. It operates at molecular level and has been successfully employed for identification of clones in Pyrethrum (Brewer and Parlevliet, 1969, Euphytica 18: 320-325).
- the total pyrethrins content in flowers was estimated by a slightly modified UV spectrophotometric technique of Beckly (1950) (Pyrethrum Post 2(1): 23-24).
- the method consists of taking 0.5 g of finely powdered dry flowers in 25 ml volumetric flask and extracting it with petroleum ether (B.P. 40-60; aromatic free). The extraction is done for one hour in the dark.
- One ml of clear supernatant solution is taken in 50 ml volumetric flask and diluted with ethyl alcohol (aldehyde free) making up the final volume to 50 ml.
- the absorbance of this solution is read at 227 nm against a reference blank.
- the total pyrethrins (%) A227 ⁇ 2.144.
- the total pyrethrins percent thus obtained is corrected for the moisture content in the powdered flower sample.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a pyrethrum clone, (Hypy), growing in field showing erect growing habit and uniform flower canopy and no lodging.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the branching pattern of Hypy and the number of flowers borne on each shoot. Note the green colour of the shoots.
- FIG. 3 is a close up of branching pattern and also showing the types of leaves borne at each node at the time of flowering.
- FIG. 4 is a close up of a flower at "3/4 of disc florets open stage" when the pyrethrins content (%) in the flowers is at peak. Shape, size and weight of the flowers are some of the features used to distinguish clones.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a vertical section through middle of the flower showing shape of the receptacle and lengths of ovary, tubular disc floret and petals of the ray floret.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the shape of the basal leaves at the time of flowering.
Landscapes
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plant known by the cultivar name Hypy and particularly characterized as to uniqueness as herein described and illustrated by the combined characteristics of high pyrethrins content, substantially erect growing habit and producing flowers at a substantially uniform height.
Description
The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name Hypy.
Hypy is a product of a planned breeding program which had the objective of creating new Chrysanthemum cultivars having the principle characteristics of high pyrethrins content, substantially erect growing habit, and producing flowers at a substantially uniform height. The cultivar is a stable and homogeneous variety when propagated asexually.
The new variety has been designated by the cultivar name Hypy and is referred to hereinafter as UT(P)-6. The breeder stock is held by the University of Tasmania Horticultural Research Centre, Hobart, Tasmania. UT(P)-6 is an outcome of a recurrent selection breeding program over a period of ten years. The original selections were taken from flowers grown at the University of Tasmania Horticultural Research Centre in 1979.
UT(P)-6 has been developed by a recurrent selection breeding programme. The programme started with morphologically heterogeneous and genetically heterozygous population of pyrethrum. The base population consisted of individuals with highly variable morphological traits like plant height, shape and size of the flowers, maturity, canopy shape, flower yield and the pyrethrins content. For example, the range of variation in pyrethrins content, economically the most important character in pyrethrum, was noticed from 0.14 to 2.11 percent. Similar magnitude of variation was observed in other agronomically important characters also. This highly variable population was handled as follows:
All those plants giving pyrethrins content of 1.5 percent or more of dry matter in flowers were selected and open-pollinated seed from these saved to grow the next generation. The other plants having desirable agronomic traits were also selected.
The progeny from the open-pollinated seed of the first group of plants from stage I, i.e. high pyrethrins plants, was screened for pyrethrins content and only those plants selected which gave pyrethrins content of 1.5 percent or more.
From stage II onwards restricted mating was enforced for 2 generations. Plants with pyrethrins content of 1.5 percent or more were allowed to interpollinate.
All the high pyrethrins plants from stage III were allowed to open-pollinate with plants having desirable morphological traits at stage I.
The progeny raised from the seed from stage IV was screened for pyrethrins content, lodging resistance, flower yield and other desirable morphological traits. The screening was done in 1979 and 1980. During the 1980 screening programme one clone, bearing the selection number H80 014, was found to combine all the required characteristics. It was erect growing and showed a very high degree of lodging resistance. It produced the majority of flowers at the same height, giving high flower yield and 2.16 percent pyrethrins in the dry matter of the flowers. In fact it was the highest content of pyrethrins noticed in any clone at that stage in the entire breeding programme. Observations over the last three years in multi-location yield trials have revealed that the clone is consistent in its performance for all the characteristics mentioned above.
Asexual reproduction of Hypy pyrethrum was achieved by root splits and stem cuttings under mist propagation. For root splits the crown was vertically split into several pieces, each with a well developed shoot and root. The stem cuttings were shoots without any roots and were rooted in a mist propagation bed with bottom heat around 23±/° C.
In describing the colours reference has been made to the book "Methuen Handbook of colour" by A. Kornerup and J. H. Wanscher, revised by Don Pavey, Third Edition, 1978, published by Eyre Methuen, London.
Botanical: Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis cv. Hypy.
A. Capitulum (see FIGS. 4 and 5):
Form.--Flat.
Type.--Daisy.
Diameter across face.--50 to 65 mm.
B. Corolla of ray florets:
General tonality.--White, A1 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
Color (abaxial).--A1 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
Color (adaxial).--A1 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
C. Corolla of disc florets:
Color.--Approximately orange yellow (5B8) (unopen florets) to brownish yellow (5C8) (open florets) (FIGS. 4 and 5).
D. Reproductive organs:
Androecium.--Present disc florets only; abundant pollen.
Gynoecium.--Present both ray and disc florets.
A. General appearance:
Branching pattern.--Upright dichotomous (FIGS. 2 and 3).
Height.--65 to 75 cm, average 71 cm.
B. Foliage:
Color (abaxial).--Approximately greyish geen (30E5) (FIG. 6).
Color (adaxial).--Approximately 30E6 (FIG. 6).
Hypy is a perennial plant and produces one flush in mid-December in southern Tasmania (42°-43° S).
Hypy can also be distinguished from other pyrethrum plants by qualitative analysis of pyrethrins in dried flowers at "3/4 disc florets open stage".
This clone has been coded UT(P)-6. Its mean performance in multi-location yield trials is given in the following table and for comparison the performance of the crop raised from seed is also included.
TABLE ______________________________________ Performance of UT(P)-6 in comparison to seed line. Seed line (unselected Character base population) UT(P)-6 ______________________________________ 1. Flower yield (kg/ha) 1360 2363 2. Pyrethrins content a. percent 1.31 2.09 b. kg/ha 17.0 48.0 3. 100 flowers dry wt. (g) 17.5 21.3 4. No. of flowers/plant 279 385 5. Stem colour Green to purple green 6. Plant height (cm) Variable, ranging Average 71 from 54 to 100 ______________________________________
As the crop will be grown from clonally propagated material it will be uniform and homogeneous in all the traits thus making mechanical handling a real possibility. This will enable pyrethrum to be grown as a cash crop in areas where high volume low cost labour is not available.
The most distinguishing features of UT(P)-6 are erect growing habit, lodging resistance and pyrethrins yield (kg/ha) of about three times more than the seed line.
Besides these characteristics UT(P)-6 can be readily identified by applying a sporophytic incompatibility test. This test is essentially a biochemical reaction between male (pollen) and female (stigma) parts of a flower with identical genetic constitution to prevent self-fertilization. It operates at molecular level and has been successfully employed for identification of clones in Pyrethrum (Brewer and Parlevliet, 1969, Euphytica 18: 320-325).
The total pyrethrins content in flowers was estimated by a slightly modified UV spectrophotometric technique of Beckly (1950) (Pyrethrum Post 2(1): 23-24).
The method consists of taking 0.5 g of finely powdered dry flowers in 25 ml volumetric flask and extracting it with petroleum ether (B.P. 40-60; aromatic free). The extraction is done for one hour in the dark. One ml of clear supernatant solution is taken in 50 ml volumetric flask and diluted with ethyl alcohol (aldehyde free) making up the final volume to 50 ml. The absorbance of this solution is read at 227 nm against a reference blank. Then the total pyrethrins (%)=A227×2.144. The total pyrethrins percent thus obtained is corrected for the moisture content in the powdered flower sample.
The accompanying photographic drawings show typical inflorescence and foliage characteristics of Hypy with colours being as nearly true as possible with illustrations of this type.
FIG. 1 illustrates a pyrethrum clone, (Hypy), growing in field showing erect growing habit and uniform flower canopy and no lodging.
FIG. 2 illustrates the branching pattern of Hypy and the number of flowers borne on each shoot. Note the green colour of the shoots.
FIG. 3 is a close up of branching pattern and also showing the types of leaves borne at each node at the time of flowering.
FIG. 4 is a close up of a flower at "3/4 of disc florets open stage" when the pyrethrins content (%) in the flowers is at peak. Shape, size and weight of the flowers are some of the features used to distinguish clones.
FIG. 5 illustrates a vertical section through middle of the flower showing shape of the receptacle and lengths of ovary, tubular disc floret and petals of the ray floret.
FIG. 6 illustrates the shape of the basal leaves at the time of flowering.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plant known by the cultivar name Hypy and particularly characterised as to uniqueness as herein described and illustrated by the combined characteristics of high pyrethrins content, substantially erect growing habit and producing flowers at a substantially uniform height.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPG038583 | 1983-07-20 | ||
AUPG385 | 1983-07-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USPP5848P true USPP5848P (en) | 1987-01-06 |
Family
ID=3770239
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/632,330 Expired - Lifetime USPP5848P (en) | 1983-07-20 | 1984-07-19 | Chrysanthemum plant named Hypy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | USPP5848P (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP7495P (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-04-09 | Arizona Technology Development Corporation | Pyrethrum plane named Arizona |
US5648593A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1997-07-15 | Arizona Board Of Regents, On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Stress tolerant pyrethrum plants |
-
1984
- 1984-07-19 US US06/632,330 patent/USPP5848P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP7495P (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-04-09 | Arizona Technology Development Corporation | Pyrethrum plane named Arizona |
US5648593A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1997-07-15 | Arizona Board Of Regents, On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Stress tolerant pyrethrum plants |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, THE CHURCHILL AVE., SANDY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BHAT, BAL K.;MENARY, ROBERT C.;REEL/FRAME:004304/0734 Effective date: 19840705 |