USPP31918P3 - Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ - Google Patents

Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ Download PDF

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USPP31918P3
USPP31918P3 US15/999,235 US201815999235V USPP31918P3 US PP31918 P3 USPP31918 P3 US PP31918P3 US 201815999235 V US201815999235 V US 201815999235V US PP31918 P3 USPP31918 P3 US PP31918P3
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gummeez
rainbow
cannabis
plant
thc
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Mark Anthony LEWIS
Steven Robert Haba
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Biotech Institute LLC
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BIOTECH INSTITUTE LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/02—Flowers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/10—Processes for modifying non-agronomic quality output traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
    • A01H1/101—Processes for modifying non-agronomic quality output traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine or caffeine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/12—Leaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/28—Cannabaceae, e.g. cannabis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/30—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration
    • G06T7/33—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration using feature-based methods
    • G06T7/337—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration using feature-based methods involving reference images or patches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
    • G06T7/75—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods involving models
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10032—Satellite or aerial image; Remote sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20016—Hierarchical, coarse-to-fine, multiscale or multiresolution image processing; Pyramid transform

Definitions

  • Cannabis hybrid Latin name of genus and species: Cannabis hybrid.
  • the present invention relates to a new and distinct Cannabis cultivar designated as ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’.
  • This new cultivar is the result of controlled-crosses between proprietary cultivars made by the inventors.
  • the new cultivar of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ was asexually reproduced via a stem ‘cutting’ and ‘cloning’ method by the inventors at Salinas, Calif. Asexual clones from the original source have been tested in greenhouses, nurseries, and/or fields. The properties of each cultivar were found to be transmissible by such asexual reproduction. The cultivar is stable and reproduces true to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction.
  • Cannabis more commonly known as marijuana, is a genus of flowering plants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica , and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes and secondary metabolite profiles.
  • Cannabis nomenclature is often used incorrectly or interchangeably.
  • Cannabis literature can be found referring to all Cannabis varieties as “ sativas ” or all cannabinoid producing plants as “ indicas ”. Indeed the promiscuous crosses of indoor Cannabis breeding programs have made it difficult to distinguish varieties, with most Cannabis being sold in the United States having features of both sativa and indica species.
  • Cannabis sativa L. assigned by Carolus Linneaus (Linnaeus, C, 1753, SPECIES PLANTARUM, 2:1027, Salvius, Swiss, Facsimile edition, 1957-1959, Ray Society, London, U.K.), is one of the oldest established names in botanical history and is still accepted to this day.
  • Another species in the genus, ‘ Cannabis indica Lam.’ was formally named somewhat later (de Lamarck, J B, 1785, ENCYCLOPEDIE METHODIQUE DE BOTANIQUE, 1(2):694-695), but is still very old in botanical history.
  • Cannabis has been variously ascribed as belonging to mulberry family (Moraceae) (Engler, H G A, Ulmaceae, Moraceae and Urticaceae, pages 59-118 in: A. Engler and K. Prantl eds., 1889, DIE NATURLICHEN PFLANZENFAMILIEN 3(1). W.
  • This invention relates to a new and distinctive Cannabis cultivar designated as ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’.
  • the objective of the breeding program which produced novel plants disclosed herein was primarily to develop a Cannabis cultivar with its unique blend of various cannabinoids and/or terpenes for (a) medicinal effects such as improving appetite and reducing nausea, vomiting and/or chronic pain, as well as neurological and cardiovascular effects, (b) psychoactive effects such as increased motivation and energetic behavior rather than indifference, passiveness and lethargy, and (c) recreational effects with enhanced enjoyment such as food and aroma.
  • cultivar is used interchangeably with “variety”, “strain”, and/or “clone”.
  • Cannabis plants produce a unique family of terpeno-phenolic compounds.
  • Cannabinoids, terpenoids, and other compounds are secreted by glandular trichomes that occur most abundantly on the floral calyxes and bracts of female plants.
  • the Cannabis plant has at least 545 distinct compounds that span 20 chemical classes including cannabinoids, terpenes, terpenoids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, simple alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, acids, fatty acids, steroids, non-cannabinoid phenols, pigments, flavonoids, vitamins, proteins, enzymes, glycoproteins, and hydrocarbons.
  • Terpenes and/or cannabinoids in particular, have shown great potential in terms of medicinal value.
  • Terpenes and/or cannabinoids have been shown to be largely responsible for beneficial effects of a Cannabis plant.
  • each Cannabis plant has the varying concentrations of medically viable compounds depending on different strains (genotypes) and their resulting chemotypes.
  • Even a small variation in terpene and/or cannabinoid concentration can cause noticeable differences in the entourage and/or synergistic effects of a Cannabis plant, which distinguishes one variety from another. Research shows that it relies heavily on the physiological effects produced by terpenes and/or cannabinoids.
  • Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants. They are often strong smelling and thus may have had a protective function. Terpenes are an important component, not only influencing taste and smell of each Cannabis strain but also influencing its effects on the mind and body of a subject such as humans and animals. Terpenes are a classification of organic molecules that are found in a wide variety of plants and animals. These molecules are known for their characteristic scents and flavors. The varying terpene concentrations found in Cannabis plants directly influence the resulting taste and smell, as well as the observed effects.
  • Non-limiting examples of terpenes include Hemiterpenes, Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Diterpenes, Sesterterpenes, Triterpenes, Sesquarterpenes, Tetraterpenes, Polyterpenes, and Norisoprenoids.
  • the main terpenes found in Cannabis plants include, but are not limited to, myrcene, limonene, caryophyllene, pinene, terpinene, terpinolene, camphene, terpineol, phellandrene, carene, humulene, pulegone, sabinene, geraniol, linalool, fenchol, borneol, eucalyptol, and nerolidol.
  • Cannabinoids are the most studied group of the main physiologically active secondary metabolites in Cannabis .
  • the classical cannabinoids are concentrated in a viscous resin produced in structures known as glandular trichomes. At least 113 different cannabinoids have been isolated from Cannabis plants.
  • the main classes of cannabinoids from Cannabis include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN).
  • Cannabinoid can be at least one of a group comprising tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN) cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabicitran (CBT), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabitriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), cannabidiolic acid (
  • cannabinoids exist in two forms, as acids and in neutral (decarboxylated) forms.
  • the acidic form of cannabinoids is designated by an “A” at the end of its acronym (i.e. THCA).
  • the cannabinoids in their acidic forms can be converted to their non-acidic forms through a process called decarboxylation when the sample is heated.
  • the phytocannabinoids are synthesized in the plant as acidic forms. While some decarboxylation does occur in the plant, it increases significantly post-harvest and the kinetics increase at high temperatures (Flores-Sanchez and Verpoorte, 2008, Plant Cell Physiol. 49(12): 1767-1782).
  • the biologically active forms for human consumption are the neutral forms.
  • Decarboxylation is usually achieved by thorough drying of the plant material followed by heating it, often by combustion, vaporization, heating, or baking in an oven.
  • references to cannabinoids in a plant include both the acidic and decarboxylated versions (e.g., CBD and CBDA).
  • THC max (THCA ⁇ 0.877)+THC.
  • CBD max (CBDA ⁇ 0.877)+CBD.
  • CBGA can be converted to active CBG by multiplying 87.8% to CBGA.
  • the biologically active chemicals found in plants, phytochemicals may affect the normal structure or function of the human body and in some cases treat disease.
  • the mechanisms for the medicinal and psychoactive properties of a Cannabis plant, like any medicinal herb, produce the pharmacologic effects of its phytochemicals, and the key phytochemicals for a medical Cannabis plant are cannabinoids and terpenes.
  • ⁇ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol is a psychoactive cannabinoid responsible for many of the effects such as mild to moderate pain relief, relaxation, insomnia and appetite stimulation. THC has been demonstrated to have anti-depressant effects. The majority of strains range from 12-21% THC with very potent and carefully prepared strains reaching even higher. While ⁇ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is also implicated in the treatment of disease, the psychotropic activity of THC makes it undesirable for some patients and/or indications.
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC is the primary psychoactive and medicinal cannabinoid and is the result of the decarboxylation of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC-A), its acidic precursor.
  • THC-A (6ar,10ar)-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6h-benzochromene-2-carboxylic acid, is found in the trichomes of the plant and converted into THC, which actually exists in only minute quantities in the living plant, after harvest and drying.
  • CBD Cannabidiol
  • CBD is one of the principal cannabinoids found in a Cannabis plant and is largely considered to be the most medically significant. CBD occurs in many strains, at low levels, ⁇ 1%. In some cases, CBD can be the dominant cannabinoid, as high as 15% by weight. CBD is non-psychoactive, meaning that unlike THC, CBD does not cause a noticeable “high”.
  • CBD has shown potential for medical properties in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and symptoms, including cancer, nausea, chronic pain, spasms, seizures/epilepsy, anxiety, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcoholism, strokes, multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.
  • CBD also has been reported to act as a muscle relaxant, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and bone stimulant, as well as to improve blood circulation, cause drowsiness, and protect the nervous system. It can provide relief for chronic pain due to muscle spasticity, convulsions and inflammation, as well as effective relief from anxiety-related disorders. It can offer relief for patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Fibromyalgia and Epilepsy.
  • MS Multiple Sclerosis
  • Epilepsy has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth when injected into breast and brain tumors in combination with THC.
  • a Cannabis cultivar can be used to achieve the desire of patients to be treated with CBD without the adverse side-effects (e.g., psychoactivity) of THC.
  • adverse side-effects e.g., psychoactivity
  • Cannabichromene is a rare, non-psychoactive cannabinoid, usually found at low levels ( ⁇ 1%) when present. It has been shown to have anti-depressant effects and to improve the pain-relieving effects of THC. Studies have demonstrated that CBC has sedative effects such as promoting relaxation.
  • Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabichromene (CBC) are both non-psychoactive and end products of CBG metabolism, like THC, so that they can be used medically.
  • Cannabigerol is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid.
  • CBG-acid is the precursor to both THC-acid and CBD-acid in the plant usually found at low levels ( ⁇ 1%) when present. It has been demonstrated to have both pain relieving and inflammation reducing effects.
  • CBG reduces intraocular pressure, associated with glaucoma.
  • CBG has been shown to have antibiotic properties and to inhibit platelet aggregation, which slows the rate of blood clotting.
  • Cannabigerol (CBG) is not considered psychoactive, it is known to block the psychoactive effects of THC and is considered medically active in a variety of conditions.
  • cannabigerolic acid CBGA
  • (E)-3-(3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid is being studied medically.
  • Cannabinol is an oxidative degradation product of THC. It may result from improper storage or curing and extensive processing, such as when making concentrates. It is usually formed when THC is exposed to UV light and oxygen over time. CBN has some psychoactive properties, less strength than THC. CBN is thought to enhance the dizziness and disorientation that users of Cannabis may experience. It may cause feelings of grogginess, but has been shown to reduce heart rate.
  • High potency Cannabis plants contain large quantities of specific terpenes as well as various assortments of other terpenes.
  • a Cannabis plant may have a profile with either a high level of, a moderate amount of or a small amount of various terpenes depending on its cultivar and environmental conditions.
  • Cannabis ’ species have been cultivated in an effort to create a cultivar best suited to meet the interest of inventors according to their own need.
  • the particular plant disclosed herein was discovered in the area where the inventors were intentionally cross-pollinating and cultivating plants described below using standard Mendelian breeding procedures well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. This resulted in the progenies of the inventors' crosses.
  • the progenies resulting from any selection stage of either the crossing, selfing or backcrossing versions of the breeding regimes of the present invention were asexually reproduced to fix and maintain the desirable THC content, CBs content, terpenes content, the aroma and flavor(s) typical of the desired class, and the other desirable phenotypic and/or genotypic characteristics.
  • the resultant selected Cannabis cultivar is designated as ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ disclosed herein.
  • the inventors reproduced progenies asexually by stem cutting and cloning. This is the origin of this remarkable new cultivar.
  • the plant has been and continues to be asexually reproduced by stem cutting and cloning at the inventors' greenhouses, nurseries and/or fields in Salinas, Calif., Oakland, Calif., and/or Washington, D.C.
  • Table 1 includes detailed information of the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ including the concentration ranges of terpenes and cannabinoids as tested on flowers at least seven different times.
  • the Cannabis plant has been tested in a laboratory setting and/or facility to determine cannabinoids and terpenes concentrations in the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ according to the procedures provided in Giese et al. (Journal of AOAC International (2015) 98(6):1503-1522).
  • the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a complement of terpenes, including but not limited to, relatively high levels of terpinolene, myrcene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, trans-ocimene, beta-pinene, and beta caryophyllene compared to other terpene compounds. This unique combination of differently concentrated terpenes further distinguishes ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ from other varieties in its odor, its medical qualities, and its effects on mood and mentation.
  • Asexual reproduction also known as “cloning”, is a process well known to those of ordinary skill in the art of Cannabis production and breeding and includes the following steps.
  • the Cannabis cultivar disclosed herein is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots and putting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes are presoaked with pH adjusted water and kept warm ( ⁇ 80° F.). Full trays are covered, left under 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days). Upon root onset, the plantlets are transplanted into rigid 1 gallon containers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hours of daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root-bound, plants are transplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soil mix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flower initiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting. They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed as possible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant from the side.
  • FIG. 2A shows a close view of a single leaf of the check variety BLK03 plant.
  • FIG. 2B shows a close view of a single leaf of the new variety ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant.
  • FIG. 3A shows top parts (including inflorescence) of the BLK03 plant from the side.
  • FIG. 3B shows top parts (including inflorescence) of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant from the side.
  • FIG. 4 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant at the mid flowering stage.
  • FIG. 5 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant at the mid flowering stage.
  • FIG. 6 shows a reproductive part of a sample Cannabis plant, indicating position/location of a flower, a bract and a stipule in the plant.
  • the sample Cannabis plant in FIG. 6 is not the claimed ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant.
  • Plants for the botanical measurements in the present application are annual plants. In the following description, the color determination is in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 2007 Edition, except where general color terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
  • Cannabis plant disclosed herein was derived from female and male parents that are internally designated as below.
  • the GNBR internal Code of the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is B4.P26.65, also known as BLU4.YLW03.P26.65.
  • the GNBR Breeding Code of the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is (B04)x(Y03.P26).65.
  • the additional number ‘.65’ was only assigned to the 65 th individual plant (i.e. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’) selected from progenies of the cross event between pollen acceptor (BLU04) and pollen donor (YLW03.P26).
  • ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is a fertile hybrid derived from a controlled-cross between two proprietary cultivars: (i) BLU04 (pollen acceptor; female parent), also known as (B04) or B4 and (ii) YLW03.P26 (pollen donor; male parent), also known as (Y03.P26) or P26.
  • BLU04 polylen acceptor
  • B4 B4
  • YLW03.P26 polylen donor; male parent
  • Y03.P26 polymer donor
  • the initial cross between two parental cultivars was made in September 2014.
  • the primary phenotypic criteria used to select the new and distinct Cannabis cultivar disclosed herein is as follows: structure score, nose/organoleptic testing, mold susceptibility/resistance, and insect susceptibility/resistance. Also, the chemotypic characteristics described in Table 1 were used to select the new and distinct Cannabis cultivar disclosed herein. The first asexual propagation of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’
  • Cannabis cultivar ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ from the check variety ‘BLK03,’ which is set as a standard for phenotypic comparison.
  • Tables 2 to 6 present phenotypic traits and/or characteristics of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ compared to the check variety ‘BLK03’ as follows. Unless otherwise indicated, all plants were raised together and evaluated when 90-100 days old (i.e., 25 days in vegetative stage, 15-25 days in propagation stage, and 50 days in flowering times).
  • vaporariorum (4) Resistant to diseases as Lepidoptera ( Spodoptera follows; species such as: frupperda ), Cabbage Armyworm Whites ( Pieris rapae ), Powdery Mildew Painted Lady ( Arlington ( Podosphaera xanthii ) cardui ), Lepidoptera sp. Not resistant to diseases as follows; Botrytis/ Flower Rot ( Botrytis cinerea ) and Powdery Mildew ( Podosphaera xanthii ) Genetically- NO NO modified organism
  • Leaf Alternate Alternate arrangement Leaf shape Asymmetrical Palmately compound Leaf structure Linear-lanceolate Linear-lanceolate leaflet blades leaflet blades with glandular hairs with glandular hairs
  • Leaf margins Dentate, coarsely Dentate, coarsely serrated, and serrated, and the teeth point away the teeth point away from the tip from the tip
  • Leaf hairs Present on both upper Present on both upper and lower surfaces and lower surfaces
  • Leaf length with 24.3 cm 16.6 cm petiole at maturity
  • Leaf width at 8.4-13.6 cm 10.7 cm maturity Petiole length at 8.5 cm 6.5 cm maturity Petiole color 45A at day 40 140C (RHS No.) in flowering Intensity of Weak (vegetative Medium (vegetative petiole growth stage); stage); very anthocyanin very strong (late strong (late flowering stage) flowering stage)
  • Stipule length at 0.9 cm 0.7 cm maturity
  • Leaflets 3-7 5-7 Middle largest 15.8 cm 9.8 cm (longest) leaflet length Middle largest 2.5 cm 2.3 cm (longest) leaflet width Middle largest 15.8:2.5 9.8:2.3 (longest) leaflet length/width ratio No. teeth of 35 25 middle leaflet (average)
  • Leaf (upper N134B 132A side) color (RHS No.)
  • Leaf (lower 135D 134D side) color (RHS No.)
  • Terminal bud Oblong Oblong shape Terminal bud 132A 203C color (RHS No.) Pedicel Absent Absent Staminate shape No staminate flowers pro- No staminate flowers pro- quizminate flowers pro- quizminate flowers pro- quizminate flowers pro- quizminate flowers pro- quizminate flowers pro- prised naturally; however, quizd naturally; however, male flower (staminate) male flower (staminate) can be induced with can be induced with chemical compounds chemical compounds (such as silver nitrate (such as silver nitrate and silver thiosulphate and silver thiosulphate anionic complex). anionic complex).
  • chemical compounds chemical compounds such as silver nitrate (such as silver nitrate and silver thiosulphate and silver thiosulphate anionic complex). anionic complex).
  • ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is larger in width and height than both parents, pollen acceptor (BLU04) and pollen donor (YLW03.P26). ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is more robust in terms of growing performance, time to rooted clones, and time to flower maturity. As ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has greater resistance to pests and diseases, such as resistance to Botrytis sp. (i.e. bud rot), it yields higher than both parents. Since ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has stronger/larger branches and thicker stems with greater flexibility than both parents, its main and lateral branches gives ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ ability to produce higher yields under different growing conditions.
  • ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ The flowers of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ are not as large as the pollen donor parent (BLU04), which makes ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ not to readily rot in humid conditions like that of the BLU04 parent. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ clearly demonstrates hybrid vigor, and outperforms both parents overall. Chemically, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a higher cannabinoid content, a higher THC:CBD ratio as well as a higher terpene content than either parent. Also, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has unique combination of parental terpenes.
  • ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ When ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is compared to the check variety ‘BLK03,’ ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is similar to ‘BLK03’ in plant width. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ shows less time to harvest than ‘BLK03.’ ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has longer leaves than ‘BLK03’ in terms of whole leaf length including petiole. Also, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has longer leaflets and more teeth than ‘BLK03’ when comparing the middle largest leaflet. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a longer petiole and stipule in average than ‘BLK03’ at maturity.
  • ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is shorter than ‘BLK03.’ However, the internode length of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is longer than that of ‘BLK03.’ In terms of flower numbers per cyme, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has less flowers than ‘BLK03.’ When comparing the compound cyme diameter, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is a little shorter than ‘BLK03,’ and individual pistillate flowers of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ are also a little shorter than that of ‘BLK03.’ ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a longer bract than ‘BLK03,’ while having a little shorter stigma. With respect to aroma, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ have a sweet and fruity scent, yet sharp like a cleaning product, while ‘BLK03’ has a generally spicy smell.
  • ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ When ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is compared to the known Cannabis plant named ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 27,475), there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, overall form of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant is wider across at the widest point than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant has a longer middle leaflet (without petiole) and whole leaf (with petiole) length than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. Instead, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant has a little shorter petiole at maturity than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant.
  • ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant has a little narrower middle leaflet width than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. Regarding stem diameter at base, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is similar to ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA.’ While the aroma of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ is strongly mephitic with hints of limonene, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a sweet and fruity scent, yet sharp like a cleaning product.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a new and distinct Cannabis cultivar designated as ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ.’ Disclosed herein are main terpenes of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ which are terpinolene, myreene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, trans-ocimene, beta-pinene, and beta caryophyllene. Also, the present invention provides the estimated concentration of the THCmax, CBDmax and CBGmax, about 4.37-7.87%, about 5.18-9.48%, and about 0.14-0.60%, respectively, at the time of assaying metabolites from flower samples of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ.’

Description

Latin name of genus and species: Cannabis hybrid.
Variety denomination: ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct Cannabis cultivar designated as ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’.
This new cultivar is the result of controlled-crosses between proprietary cultivars made by the inventors. The new cultivar of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ was asexually reproduced via a stem ‘cutting’ and ‘cloning’ method by the inventors at Salinas, Calif. Asexual clones from the original source have been tested in greenhouses, nurseries, and/or fields. The properties of each cultivar were found to be transmissible by such asexual reproduction. The cultivar is stable and reproduces true to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction.
TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE
Cannabis, more commonly known as marijuana, is a genus of flowering plants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes and secondary metabolite profiles. In practice however, Cannabis nomenclature is often used incorrectly or interchangeably. Cannabis literature can be found referring to all Cannabis varieties as “sativas” or all cannabinoid producing plants as “indicas”. Indeed the promiscuous crosses of indoor Cannabis breeding programs have made it difficult to distinguish varieties, with most Cannabis being sold in the United States having features of both sativa and indica species.
Human cultivation history of Cannabis dates back 8000 years (Schultes, R E., 1970, Random thoughts and queries on the botany of Cannabis. Pages 11-38 in: C R B Joyce, and S H Curry eds., THE BOTANY AND CHEMISTRY OF CANNABIS. J. & A. Churchill. London, England). Hemp cloth recovered in Europe dates back 6000 years (Small, E, Beckstead, H D, and Chan, A, 1975, The evolution of cannabinoid phenotypes in Cannabis, ECONOMIC BOTANY 29(3):219-232). The written record of the pharmacologic properties of Cannabis goes back more than 4000 years (Ti, H. 2737 BC. NEI JING SU WEN HUANG TI, Yellow Emperor's Classic on Internal Medicine; referred to without citation in Small et al. 1975 Supra).
The taxonomy and nomenclature of the highly variable genus Cannabis (Emboden, W A, 1974, ECONOMIC BOTANY 28(3):304-310; Small, E and Cronquist, A, 1976, TAXON 25(4):405-435; Small E and Cronquist, A, 1977, TAXON 26(1):110; Hillig, K W and Mahlberg, P G, 2004, American Journal of Botany 91(6):966-975), remains in question. This is in spite of the fact that its formal scientific name, ‘Cannabis sativa L.’, assigned by Carolus Linneaus (Linnaeus, C, 1753, SPECIES PLANTARUM, 2:1027, Salvius, Stockholm, Facsimile edition, 1957-1959, Ray Society, London, U.K.), is one of the oldest established names in botanical history and is still accepted to this day. Another species in the genus, ‘Cannabis indica Lam.’ was formally named somewhat later (de Lamarck, J B, 1785, ENCYCLOPEDIE METHODIQUE DE BOTANIQUE, 1(2):694-695), but is still very old in botanical history. In 1785, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a description of a second species of Cannabis, which he named Cannabis indica. Lamarck based his description of the newly named species on plant specimens collected in India. C. indica was described as relatively short, conical, and densely branched, whereas C. sativa was described as tall and laxly branched (Schultes R. E. et al, 1974, Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets, 23:337-367). C. indica plants were also described as having short, broad leaflets whereas those of C. sativa were characterized as relatively long and narrow (Anderson L. C., 1980, Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets, 28:61-69). C. indica plants conforming to Schultes' and Anderson's descriptions may have originated from the Hindu Kush mountain range. Because of the often harsh and variable (extremely cold winters, and warm summers) climate of those parts, C. indica is well-suited for cultivation in temperate climates.
Three other species names were proposed in the 1800s to distinguish plants with presumably different characteristics (C. macrosperma Stokes, C. chinensis Delile, C. gigantean Vilmorin), none of which are accepted today, although the epithet “indica” lives on as a subspecies of C. sativa (‘C. sativa ssp. indica Lam.’, Small and Cronquist 1976 Supra).
In the 20th century, two new names were added to the liturgy of proposed ‘Cannabis species: C. ruderalis’ Janischevsky and a hybrid, x ‘C. intersita’ Sojak. (Small, E, Jui, P Y, and Lefkovitch, L P, 1976, SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 1(1):67-84; Small and Cronquist 1976 Supra). Further, numerous names have been proposed for horticultural variants of ‘Cannabis’ but as of 1976, “very few of these have been validly published as formal taxa under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature” (Small and Cronquist 1976 Supra). Moreover, other recent work continues to focus on higher-order evolutionary relationships of the genus. Cannabis has been variously ascribed as belonging to mulberry family (Moraceae) (Engler, H G A, Ulmaceae, Moraceae and Urticaceae, pages 59-118 in: A. Engler and K. Prantl eds., 1889, DIE NATURLICHEN PFLANZENFAMILIEN 3(1). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany; Judd, W S, Sanders, R W, and Donoghue, M J, 1994, HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANY 5:1-51; Humphries, C J and Blackmore, S, A review of the classification of the Moraceae, pages 267-277 In: Crane and Blackmore 1989 id.); nettle family (Urticaceae) (Berg, C C, Systematics and phylogeny of the Urticales, pages 193-220, in: P. R. Crane and S. Blackmore eds., 1989, EVOLUTION, SYSTEMATIC, AND FOSSIL HISTORY OF THE HAMAMELIDAE, VOL. 2, HIGHER HAMAMELIDAE, Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K.); and most recently in its own family with hops (Humulus), Cannabaceae, or hemp family (Sytsma, K J, et al, 2002, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 89(9):1531-1546). While the work of Small and Cronquist 1976 Supra, seemed to effectively confine the genus to a single species with 2 subspecies (C. sativa s., C. s. indica), each with two varieties (C. s. s. var. sativa, C. s. s. var. spontanea; C. s. i. var. indica, C. s. i. var. Kafiristanica) largely on the basis of chemotaxonomy and interfertility of all forms, more recent work (Sytsma et al. 2002 Supra), proposes a two-species concept, resurrecting the binomial C. indica Lam. Since Sytsma et al. (2002) provides no key for discriminating between the species, the dichotomous key of Small and Cronquist (1976), which accounts for all forms in nature, whether wild or domesticated, is preferred to classify the characteristics of the plants.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a new and distinctive Cannabis cultivar designated as ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’.
The objective of the breeding program which produced novel plants disclosed herein was primarily to develop a Cannabis cultivar with its unique blend of various cannabinoids and/or terpenes for (a) medicinal effects such as improving appetite and reducing nausea, vomiting and/or chronic pain, as well as neurological and cardiovascular effects, (b) psychoactive effects such as increased motivation and energetic behavior rather than indifference, passiveness and lethargy, and (c) recreational effects with enhanced enjoyment such as food and aroma.
As used herein, the term “cultivar” is used interchangeably with “variety”, “strain”, and/or “clone”.
Cannabis plants produce a unique family of terpeno-phenolic compounds. Cannabinoids, terpenoids, and other compounds are secreted by glandular trichomes that occur most abundantly on the floral calyxes and bracts of female plants. As a drug it usually comes in the form of dried flower buds (marijuana), resin (hashish), or various extracts collectively known as hashish oil. The Cannabis plant has at least 545 distinct compounds that span 20 chemical classes including cannabinoids, terpenes, terpenoids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, simple alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, acids, fatty acids, steroids, non-cannabinoid phenols, pigments, flavonoids, vitamins, proteins, enzymes, glycoproteins, and hydrocarbons. Terpenes and/or cannabinoids, in particular, have shown great potential in terms of medicinal value.
Terpenes and/or cannabinoids have been shown to be largely responsible for beneficial effects of a Cannabis plant. In fact, each Cannabis plant has the varying concentrations of medically viable compounds depending on different strains (genotypes) and their resulting chemotypes. Even a small variation in terpene and/or cannabinoid concentration can cause noticeable differences in the entourage and/or synergistic effects of a Cannabis plant, which distinguishes one variety from another. Research shows that it relies heavily on the physiological effects produced by terpenes and/or cannabinoids.
Over 100 different kinds of terpenes have been identified in Cannabis plants although not being as well-studied as cannabinoids, they are instrumental in giving rise to the physiological and psychoactive effects in Cannabis.
Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants. They are often strong smelling and thus may have had a protective function. Terpenes are an important component, not only influencing taste and smell of each Cannabis strain but also influencing its effects on the mind and body of a subject such as humans and animals. Terpenes are a classification of organic molecules that are found in a wide variety of plants and animals. These molecules are known for their characteristic scents and flavors. The varying terpene concentrations found in Cannabis plants directly influence the resulting taste and smell, as well as the observed effects. Non-limiting examples of terpenes include Hemiterpenes, Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Diterpenes, Sesterterpenes, Triterpenes, Sesquarterpenes, Tetraterpenes, Polyterpenes, and Norisoprenoids. The main terpenes found in Cannabis plants include, but are not limited to, myrcene, limonene, caryophyllene, pinene, terpinene, terpinolene, camphene, terpineol, phellandrene, carene, humulene, pulegone, sabinene, geraniol, linalool, fenchol, borneol, eucalyptol, and nerolidol.
Cannabinoids are the most studied group of the main physiologically active secondary metabolites in Cannabis. The classical cannabinoids are concentrated in a viscous resin produced in structures known as glandular trichomes. At least 113 different cannabinoids have been isolated from Cannabis plants. The main classes of cannabinoids from Cannabis include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN). Cannabinoid can be at least one of a group comprising tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN) cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabicitran (CBT), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabitriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabinerolic acid.
Most cannabinoids exist in two forms, as acids and in neutral (decarboxylated) forms. The acidic form of cannabinoids is designated by an “A” at the end of its acronym (i.e. THCA). The cannabinoids in their acidic forms (those ending in “-A”) can be converted to their non-acidic forms through a process called decarboxylation when the sample is heated. The phytocannabinoids are synthesized in the plant as acidic forms. While some decarboxylation does occur in the plant, it increases significantly post-harvest and the kinetics increase at high temperatures (Flores-Sanchez and Verpoorte, 2008, Plant Cell Physiol. 49(12): 1767-1782). The biologically active forms for human consumption are the neutral forms. Decarboxylation is usually achieved by thorough drying of the plant material followed by heating it, often by combustion, vaporization, heating, or baking in an oven. Unless otherwise noted, references to cannabinoids in a plant include both the acidic and decarboxylated versions (e.g., CBD and CBDA).
The molecules lose mass through the process of decarboxylation. In order to find the total theoretical active cannabinoids, the acid forms should be multiplied by 87.7%. For example, THCA can be converted to active THC using the formula: THCA×0.877=THC. The maximum THC for the sample is: THCmax=(THCA×0.877)+THC. This method has been validated according to the principles of the International Conference on Harmonization. Similarly, CBDA can be converted to active CBD and the yield is determined using the yield formula: CBDA×0.877=CBD. Also the maximum amount of CBD yielded, i.e. max CBD for the sample is: CBDmax=(CBDA×0.877)+CBD. Additionally, CBGA can be converted to active CBG by multiplying 87.8% to CBGA. Thus, the maximum amount of CBG is: CBGmax=(CBGA×0.878)+CBG.
The biologically active chemicals found in plants, phytochemicals, may affect the normal structure or function of the human body and in some cases treat disease. The mechanisms for the medicinal and psychoactive properties of a Cannabis plant, like any medicinal herb, produce the pharmacologic effects of its phytochemicals, and the key phytochemicals for a medical Cannabis plant are cannabinoids and terpenes.
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a psychoactive cannabinoid responsible for many of the effects such as mild to moderate pain relief, relaxation, insomnia and appetite stimulation. THC has been demonstrated to have anti-depressant effects. The majority of strains range from 12-21% THC with very potent and carefully prepared strains reaching even higher. While Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is also implicated in the treatment of disease, the psychotropic activity of THC makes it undesirable for some patients and/or indications.
Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, is the primary psychoactive and medicinal cannabinoid and is the result of the decarboxylation of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC-A), its acidic precursor. THC-A, (6ar,10ar)-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6h-benzochromene-2-carboxylic acid, is found in the trichomes of the plant and converted into THC, which actually exists in only minute quantities in the living plant, after harvest and drying.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the principal cannabinoids found in a Cannabis plant and is largely considered to be the most medically significant. CBD occurs in many strains, at low levels, <1%. In some cases, CBD can be the dominant cannabinoid, as high as 15% by weight. CBD is non-psychoactive, meaning that unlike THC, CBD does not cause a noticeable “high”. CBD has shown potential for medical properties in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and symptoms, including cancer, nausea, chronic pain, spasms, seizures/epilepsy, anxiety, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcoholism, strokes, multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. CBD also has been reported to act as a muscle relaxant, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and bone stimulant, as well as to improve blood circulation, cause drowsiness, and protect the nervous system. It can provide relief for chronic pain due to muscle spasticity, convulsions and inflammation, as well as effective relief from anxiety-related disorders. It can offer relief for patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Fibromyalgia and Epilepsy. CBD has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth when injected into breast and brain tumors in combination with THC.
A Cannabis cultivar can be used to achieve the desire of patients to be treated with CBD without the adverse side-effects (e.g., psychoactivity) of THC.
Cannabichromene (CBC) is a rare, non-psychoactive cannabinoid, usually found at low levels (<1%) when present. It has been shown to have anti-depressant effects and to improve the pain-relieving effects of THC. Studies have demonstrated that CBC has sedative effects such as promoting relaxation.
Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabichromene (CBC) are both non-psychoactive and end products of CBG metabolism, like THC, so that they can be used medically.
Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid. CBG-acid is the precursor to both THC-acid and CBD-acid in the plant usually found at low levels (<1%) when present. It has been demonstrated to have both pain relieving and inflammation reducing effects. CBG reduces intraocular pressure, associated with glaucoma. CBG has been shown to have antibiotic properties and to inhibit platelet aggregation, which slows the rate of blood clotting. While Cannabigerol (CBG), is not considered psychoactive, it is known to block the psychoactive effects of THC and is considered medically active in a variety of conditions. Its precursor, cannabigerolic acid, CBGA, (E)-3-(3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid, is being studied medically.
Cannabinol (CBN) is an oxidative degradation product of THC. It may result from improper storage or curing and extensive processing, such as when making concentrates. It is usually formed when THC is exposed to UV light and oxygen over time. CBN has some psychoactive properties, less strength than THC. CBN is thought to enhance the dizziness and disorientation that users of Cannabis may experience. It may cause feelings of grogginess, but has been shown to reduce heart rate.
High potency Cannabis plants contain large quantities of specific terpenes as well as various assortments of other terpenes. For instance, a Cannabis plant may have a profile with either a high level of, a moderate amount of or a small amount of various terpenes depending on its cultivar and environmental conditions.
Various cultivars of ‘Cannabis’ species have been cultivated in an effort to create a cultivar best suited to meet the interest of inventors according to their own need. The particular plant disclosed herein was discovered in the area where the inventors were intentionally cross-pollinating and cultivating plants described below using standard Mendelian breeding procedures well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. This resulted in the progenies of the inventors' crosses.
The progenies resulting from any selection stage of either the crossing, selfing or backcrossing versions of the breeding regimes of the present invention were asexually reproduced to fix and maintain the desirable THC content, CBs content, terpenes content, the aroma and flavor(s) typical of the desired class, and the other desirable phenotypic and/or genotypic characteristics. The resultant selected Cannabis cultivar is designated as ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ disclosed herein.
The inventors reproduced progenies asexually by stem cutting and cloning. This is the origin of this remarkable new cultivar. The plant has been and continues to be asexually reproduced by stem cutting and cloning at the inventors' greenhouses, nurseries and/or fields in Salinas, Calif., Oakland, Calif., and/or Washington, D.C.
The following are the most outstanding and distinguishing chemical characteristics of this new cultivar when grown under normal conditions in Salinas, Calif. Chemical analyses of the new Cannabis variety and the check variety (or the parental varieties) disclosed herein were performed using standard chemical separation techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Samples for assaying were obtained from flower tissues of the Cannabis plant disclosed herein. Cannabinoid composition of this cultivar can be determined by assaying the concentration of at least one cannabinoid in a subset (e.g., sample) of the harvested product.
Table 1 includes detailed information of the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ including the concentration ranges of terpenes and cannabinoids as tested on flowers at least seven different times. The Cannabis plant has been tested in a laboratory setting and/or facility to determine cannabinoids and terpenes concentrations in the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ according to the procedures provided in Giese et al. (Journal of AOAC International (2015) 98(6):1503-1522).
    • 1) The main terpenes found in ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ are terpinolene, myrcene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, trans-ocimene, beta-pinene, and beta caryophyllene; and
    • 2) The estimated concentration of the total THCmax, CBDmax, and CBGmax is about 4.37-7.87%, about 5.18-9.48%, and about 0.14-0.60%, respectively, at the time of assaying metabolites from flower samples of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’.
Terpene and cannabinoid profiles of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ demonstrate that ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a phenotypically unique profile, particular insofar as to the level of terpenes and cannabinoids. This data is presented in a tabular form in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Ranges of Active Cannabinoids and Terpenes
Ranges of Active Cannabinoids (% by weight)
Max THC 4.37- Max CBD 5.18- Max CBG 0.14-
7.87% 9.48% 0.60%
Ranges of Terpenes (% by weight)
thujene 0.00- gamma- 0.01- hexyl 0.00-
0.01% terpinene 0.02% hexanoate 0.04%
alpha- 0.13- linalool 0.00% octyl 0.00%
pinene 0.33% oxide butyrate
camphene 0.00% terpinolene 0.22- beta- 0.06-
0.87% caryophyllene 0.15%
sabinene 0.01% fenchone 0.00% alpha- 0.04-
humulene 0.09%
beta- 0.08- linalool 0.01- cis- 0.00%
pinene 0.18% 0.04% nerolidol
myrcene 0.10- fenchol 0.00- trans- 0.00-
0.53% 0.02% nerolidol 0.03%
alpha- 0.00- — — caryophyllene 0.00-
phellandrene 0.05% oxide 0.01%
carene 0.01- camphor 0.00% alpha- 0.00-
0.03% bisabolol 0.03%
alpha- 0.01- isoborneol 0.00% nerol 0.00%
terpinene 0.03%
limonene 0.03- (−) borneol 0.00% geraniol 0.00%
0.12%
beta- 0.00- menthol 0.00% geranyl- 0.00%
phellandrene 0.05% acetate
cineole 0.00- hexyl 0.00- methyl- 0.00%
0.01% butyrate 0.20% eugenol
cis- 0.00% alpha- 0.01- Total 0.94-
ocimene terpineol 0.22% Terpenes 2.90%
trans-ocimene 0.02- citronellol 0.00% — —
0.20%
The Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a complement of terpenes, including but not limited to, relatively high levels of terpinolene, myrcene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, trans-ocimene, beta-pinene, and beta caryophyllene compared to other terpene compounds. This unique combination of differently concentrated terpenes further distinguishes ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ from other varieties in its odor, its medical qualities, and its effects on mood and mentation.
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction, also known as “cloning”, is a process well known to those of ordinary skill in the art of Cannabis production and breeding and includes the following steps.
The Cannabis cultivar disclosed herein is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots and putting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes are presoaked with pH adjusted water and kept warm (˜80° F.). Full trays are covered, left under 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days). Upon root onset, the plantlets are transplanted into rigid 1 gallon containers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hours of daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root-bound, plants are transplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soil mix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flower initiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting. They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed as possible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.
All sun leaves are removed and the plant is dismantled to result in approximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. The goal in harvesting is to actually harvest trichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturb the trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possible to promote even and slow drying. Slow drying is followed by a one to two months curing process.
Observation of the all female progenies of the original plant has demonstrated that this new and distinct cultivar has fulfilled the objectives and that its distinctive characteristics are firmly fixed and hold true from generation to generation vegetatively propagated from the original plant.
Under careful observation, the unique characteristics of the new cultivar have been uniform, stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying color photographs depict characteristics of the new ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plants as nearly true as possible to make color reproductions. The overall appearance of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plants in photographs is shown in colors that may differ slightly from the color values described in the detailed botanical description.
FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant from the side.
FIG. 2A shows a close view of a single leaf of the check variety BLK03 plant.
FIG. 2B shows a close view of a single leaf of the new variety ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant.
FIG. 3A shows top parts (including inflorescence) of the BLK03 plant from the side.
FIG. 3B shows top parts (including inflorescence) of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant from the side.
FIG. 4 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant at the mid flowering stage.
FIG. 5 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant at the mid flowering stage.
FIG. 6 shows a reproductive part of a sample Cannabis plant, indicating position/location of a flower, a bract and a stipule in the plant. The sample Cannabis plant in FIG. 6 is not the claimed ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant.
 DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions, and the phenotype may vary significantly with variations in environment. The following observations, measurements, and comparisons describe this plant as grown at Salinas, Calif., when grown in the greenhouse, nursery or field, unless otherwise noted.
Plants for the botanical measurements in the present application are annual plants. In the following description, the color determination is in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 2007 Edition, except where general color terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
The Cannabis plant disclosed herein was derived from female and male parents that are internally designated as below.
The GNBR internal Code of the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is B4.P26.65, also known as BLU4.YLW03.P26.65. The GNBR Breeding Code of the Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is (B04)x(Y03.P26).65. The additional number ‘.65’ was only assigned to the 65th individual plant (i.e. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’) selected from progenies of the cross event between pollen acceptor (BLU04) and pollen donor (YLW03.P26). ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is a fertile hybrid derived from a controlled-cross between two proprietary cultivars: (i) BLU04 (pollen acceptor; female parent), also known as (B04) or B4 and (ii) YLW03.P26 (pollen donor; male parent), also known as (Y03.P26) or P26. The initial cross between two parental cultivars was made in September 2014. The primary phenotypic criteria used to select the new and distinct Cannabis cultivar disclosed herein is as follows: structure score, nose/organoleptic testing, mold susceptibility/resistance, and insect susceptibility/resistance. Also, the chemotypic characteristics described in Table 1 were used to select the new and distinct Cannabis cultivar disclosed herein. The first asexual propagation of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ occurred on Apr. 30, 2016 in Salinas, Calif.
The following traits in combination further distinguish the Cannabis cultivar ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ from the check variety ‘BLK03,’ which is set as a standard for phenotypic comparison. Tables 2 to 6 present phenotypic traits and/or characteristics of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ compared to the check variety ‘BLK03’ as follows. Unless otherwise indicated, all plants were raised together and evaluated when 90-100 days old (i.e., 25 days in vegetative stage, 15-25 days in propagation stage, and 50 days in flowering times).
TABLE 2
General Characteristics
Characteristics New Variety Check Variety (BLK03)
Plant life forms An herbaceous plant An herbaceous plant
(herb) (herb)
Plant growth An upright, tap-rooted An upright, tap-rooted
habit annual plant; forming annual plant; forming
fibrous roots when fibrous roots when
asexually propagated asexually propagated
Plant origin A controlled-cross between A controlled-cross
pollen acceptor (B04) and between pollen acceptor
pollen donor (Y03.P26) (GLD13) and
pollen donor (BSIA)
Plant Asexually propagated Asexually propagated by
propagation by stem cuttings and stem cuttings and cloning
cloning
Propagation ease Moderate Moderate
Height 0.8-2.0 m 0.5-2.5 m
Width 120 cm 119.5 cm
Plant vigor Medium Medium
Time to Harvest 6-8 weeks; as early 8 weeks
(Seed to Harvest) as 40-42 days
Resistance to Resistant to pests Not Resistant to pests as
pests or diseases as follows; follows; (1) two spotted
(1) Aphids species spider mite (Tetranychus
such as: Foxglove urticae (Koch)); (2)
Aphid (Aulacorthum Aphids species such
solani), Peach Aphid as: Cannabis Aphids
(Macrosiphum (Phorodon cannabis),
euphorbiae), Black Bean Green Peach Aphid
Aphid (Aphis fabae); (Myzus persicae
(2) Whitefly (Trialeur- (Sulzer)), Foxglove
odes vaporariorum; Aphid (Aulacorthum
(3) Lepidoptera solani), Peach
species such as: Army- Aphid (Macrosiphum
worm (Spodoptera euphorbiae) and Black
frupperda), Cabbage Bean Aphid (Aphis
Whites (Pieris rapae), fabae); (3) Whitefly
Painted Lady (Vanessa (Trialeurodes
cardui), Lepidoptera sp. vaporariorum); (4)
Resistant to diseases as Lepidoptera (Spodoptera
follows; species such as: frupperda), Cabbage
Armyworm Whites (Pieris rapae),
Powdery Mildew Painted Lady (Vanessa
(Podosphaera xanthii) cardui), Lepidoptera sp.
Not resistant to diseases
as follows; Botrytis/
Flower Rot (Botrytis
cinerea) and
Powdery Mildew
(Podosphaera xanthii)
Genetically- NO NO
modified
organism
TABLE 3
Leaf/Foliage
Characteristics New Variety Check Variety (BLK03)
Leaf Alternate Alternate
arrangement
Leaf shape Asymmetrical Palmately compound
Leaf structure Linear-lanceolate Linear-lanceolate
leaflet blades leaflet blades
with glandular hairs with glandular hairs
Leaf margins Dentate, coarsely Dentate, coarsely
serrated, and serrated, and
the teeth point away the teeth point away
from the tip from the tip
Leaf hairs Present on both upper Present on both upper
and lower surfaces and lower surfaces
Leaf length with 24.3 cm 16.6 cm
petiole at
maturity
Leaf width at 8.4-13.6 cm 10.7 cm
maturity
Petiole length at 8.5 cm 6.5 cm
maturity
Petiole color 45A at day 40 140C
(RHS No.) in flowering
Intensity of Weak (vegetative Medium (vegetative
petiole growth stage); stage); very
anthocyanin very strong (late strong (late
flowering stage) flowering stage)
Stipule length at 0.9 cm 0.7 cm
maturity
Stipule shape Acicular, needle-shaped Elliptical
Stipule color 134B 149B
(RHS No.)
No. of leaflets 3-7 5-7
Middle largest 15.8 cm 9.8 cm
(longest) leaflet
length
Middle largest 2.5 cm 2.3 cm
(longest) leaflet
width
Middle largest 15.8:2.5 9.8:2.3
(longest) leaflet
length/width
ratio
No. teeth of 35 25
middle leaflet
(average)
Leaf (upper N134B 132A
side) color
(RHS No.)
Leaf (lower 135D 134D
side) color
(RHS No.)
Leaf glossiness Weak at the upper Strong at the upper
surface surface
Vein/midrib Obliquely continuous Obliquely continuous
shape throughout leaflet throughout leaflet
Vein/midrib 151B 144C
color (RHS No.)
Aroma Sweet, yet fruity, sharp Spicy
like a cleaning product
TABLE 4
Stem
Characteristics New Variety Check Variety (BLK03)
Stem shape Hollow and thin Hollow, ribbed, textured
Stem diameter 2.1 cm 2.8 cm
at base
Stem color 143B N144D
(RHS No.)
Depth of main Shallow Absent
stem
ribs/grooves
Internode length 4.8-12.3 cm 2.4-4.9 cm
TABLE 5
Inflorescence (Female/Pistillate Flowers)
Characteristics New Variety Check Variety (BLK03)
Flowering Cymes Cymes
(blooming)
habit
Proportion of 100% pistillate 100% pistillate
female plants
Inflorescence Even Even
position
Flower Cymose Cymose (terminal
arrangement bud matures, while
lateral flowers mature
thereafter)
Number of 70-100 80-120
flowers per per cyme per cyme
plant
Flower shape Calcarate-urceolate Calcarate-urceolate
Flower 0.6 cm 0.7 cm
(individual
pistillate) length
Flower 3.6 cm 3.8 cm
(compound
cyme) diameter
Corolla shape No defined corolla No defined corolla
Corolla size n/a n/a
Corolla Color n/a n/a
(RHS No.)
Bract shape Urceolate Urceolate
Bract size 0.4-1.3 cm 0.2-0.8 cm
Bract color 140B N134C
(RHS No.)
Calyx shape No defined calyx No defined calyx
Calyx color n/a n/a
(RHS No.)
Stigma shape Globular Acute
Stigma length 1.1 mm 2.2 mm
Stigma color 169A 159D
(RHS No.)
Trichome shape Capitate-stalked Capitate-stalked
glandular glandular
Trichome color 157A before harvest, 157A at day 40 in
(RHS No.) at day 40 in flowering flowering
Other types of Capitate sessile Capitate sessile trichomes
trichomes trichomes are are present
present on the leaves on the leaves of
of plants, as well as plants, as well as being
being noticed in the noticed in the flowers
flowers (color: 157A (color: 157A at day
at day 50 in flowering). 40 in flowering).
During later flowering, During later flowering,
i.e. day 60 to day i.e. day 48 to day 60
70 in flowering, the in flowering, capitate
capitate stalked tri- stalked trichomes are
chomes are present present (color: N30B).
(color: N30B). Bulbous and non-
glandular trichomes
are also present and
most noticeable on
the petioles, stems,
and leaves (color: 157A).
Terminal bud Oblong Oblong
shape
Terminal bud 132A 203C
color (RHS
No.)
Pedicel Absent Absent
Staminate shape No staminate flowers pro- No staminate flowers pro-
duced naturally; however, duced naturally; however,
male flower (staminate) male flower (staminate)
can be induced with can be induced with
chemical compounds chemical compounds
(such as silver nitrate (such as silver nitrate
and silver thiosulphate and silver thiosulphate
anionic complex). anionic complex).
Pollen Absent Absent
description
Seed shape Striped, smooth and Smooth and globular
globular
Seed size 1.5-2.25 mm 1.8-2.3 mm
(Diameter)
Marbling of Absent (non-existent) Absent (non-existent)
seed
Petal Apetalous Apetalous
description
Max THC About 4.37-7.87% About 18.88-19.37%
content
Max CBD About 5.18-9.48% 0.00%
content
Max CBG About 0.14-0.60% About 0.84-0.91%
content
n/a: not available
TABLE 6
Other Characteristics
Characteristics New Variety Check Variety (BLK03)
Time period and 5-7 weeks 7-9 weeks
condition of
flowering/
blooming
Hardiness of Hardy to 25° F.-ambient Hardy to 25° F.-ambient
plant temperature temperature
Breaking action Flexible, resistant to Strong, non-flexible
breakage
Rooting rate 99%-vigorous 70%-moderate
after
cutting/cloning
Types of Stem Stem
Cutting for
Cloning
Shipping quality Good Moderate
Storage life Medium (3-6 months Medium (2-6 months
with minor changes in with minor changes in
physical appearance physical appearance
and/or smell/taste) and/or smell/taste)
Market use Medicinal n/a
Productivity of Approximately 0.227- Approximately 0.14-
flower 0.34 kg can be produced 0.45 kg can be produced
per plant, dependent per plant; dependent
on finished plant size on finished size (0.6-1.2
(0.8-2.0 m); Growing m); Growing conditions/
conditions/environment environment will dictate
will dictate final yield/ final yield/output
output
n/a: not available
In general, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is larger in width and height than both parents, pollen acceptor (BLU04) and pollen donor (YLW03.P26). ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is more robust in terms of growing performance, time to rooted clones, and time to flower maturity. As ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has greater resistance to pests and diseases, such as resistance to Botrytis sp. (i.e. bud rot), it yields higher than both parents. Since ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has stronger/larger branches and thicker stems with greater flexibility than both parents, its main and lateral branches gives ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ ability to produce higher yields under different growing conditions. The flowers of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ are not as large as the pollen donor parent (BLU04), which makes ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ not to readily rot in humid conditions like that of the BLU04 parent. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ clearly demonstrates hybrid vigor, and outperforms both parents overall. Chemically, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a higher cannabinoid content, a higher THC:CBD ratio as well as a higher terpene content than either parent. Also, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has unique combination of parental terpenes.
When ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is compared to the check variety ‘BLK03,’ ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is similar to ‘BLK03’ in plant width. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ shows less time to harvest than ‘BLK03.’ ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has longer leaves than ‘BLK03’ in terms of whole leaf length including petiole. Also, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has longer leaflets and more teeth than ‘BLK03’ when comparing the middle largest leaflet. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a longer petiole and stipule in average than ‘BLK03’ at maturity. Regarding the average stem diameter at base, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is shorter than ‘BLK03.’ However, the internode length of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is longer than that of ‘BLK03.’ In terms of flower numbers per cyme, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has less flowers than ‘BLK03.’ When comparing the compound cyme diameter, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is a little shorter than ‘BLK03,’ and individual pistillate flowers of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ are also a little shorter than that of ‘BLK03.’ ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a longer bract than ‘BLK03,’ while having a little shorter stigma. With respect to aroma, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ have a sweet and fruity scent, yet sharp like a cleaning product, while ‘BLK03’ has a generally spicy smell.
When ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is compared to the known Cannabis plant named ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 27,475), there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, overall form of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant is wider across at the widest point than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant has a longer middle leaflet (without petiole) and whole leaf (with petiole) length than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. Instead, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant has a little shorter petiole at maturity than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ plant has a little narrower middle leaflet width than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. Regarding stem diameter at base, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is similar to ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA.’ While the aroma of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ is strongly mephitic with hints of limonene, ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ has a sweet and fruity scent, yet sharp like a cleaning product. When comparing total THC content between ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ and ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’, the total THC content of ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ is between 4.37-7.87%, while ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ accumulates 12.45% total THC.

Claims (1)

The invention claimed is:
1. A new and distinct cultivar of Cannabis plant named ‘RAINBOW GUMMEEZ’ substantially as shown and described herein.
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