USPP20699P3 - Kiwi plant named ‘SKELTON X78’ - Google Patents

Abstract

A new and distinct kiwi plant of the species Actinidia chinensis is described. The cultivar results from a controlled pollination using a male A. chinensis selection ‘RY,’ and a female A. chinensis selection ‘A124.’ Both named parents (‘RY’ and ‘A124’) are unpatented cultivars. The new cultivar is distinguished by its medium fruit size, ovoid fruit shape, greenish-yellow fruit coloring, and its medium harvest date in late April.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Genus and species of plant claimed: Actinidia chinensis.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application claims priority from New Zealand Plant Variety Rights Application, entitled ‘Skelton X78’ filed Dec. 22, 2006, with the Commissioner of Plant Variety Rights in New Zealand, which is herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Kiwi plants in cultivation are mainly varieties of A. deliciosa, particularly ‘Hayward’ although some A. chinensis and A. arguta varieties are grown. A. deliciosa and A. chinensis are closely related and varieties of both types have large fruit (about 100 g) with hair on the skin. The main varieties in New Zealand are ‘Hayward’ (A. deliciosa) and ‘HORT16A’ (A. chinensis). Fruit are usually cut and eaten with a spoon.

All Actinidia species are dioecious, so female varieties have to be interplanted with male pollinizers to ensure fruit production.

A. chinensis vines are deciduous and tend to grow vigorously in spring and summer when rapidly-growing shoots can intertwine and tangle if not managed. Vines do best in a mild warm-temperate climate without late spring or early autumn frosts. They produce consistently heavy crops when grown in well-drained fertile soils and given regular irrigation in dry spells.

A. chinensis flowers in late September to late October in New Zealand. Harvest of A. chinensis fruit occurs from late February to late June in New Zealand depending on the selection and location of plantings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a new and distinctive kiwifruit variety having a medium sized ovoid fruit shape, a vegetative bud break of mid-August, a flowering date of early October, and a fruit harvest date of early April. This new variety is designated ‘Skelton X78’ and is derived from a controlled pollination using a female A. chinensis selection ‘A124’ and a male A. chinensis selection ‘RY.’

Neither of the parents are registered with the Plant Variety Rights Office in New Zealand or patented. The parent plants are part of an ongoing breeding program established in New Zealand in 1975.

This new variety was created during the course of a planned plant-breeding program, which was initiated in Waiuku, New Zealand in 1994 and approximately 300 seedlings were raised at Rangiriri, New Zealand. ‘Skelton X78’ first flowered in 1999 and fruit were assessed in 2000. Following fruit assessment, ‘Skelton X78’ was grafted onto three Actinidia deliciosa seedling rootstocks and onto three Actinidia chinensis seedling rootstocks. The unique characteristics of ‘Skelton X78’ continued and the asexually reproduced plants were true to type.

The new variety can be asexually reproduced as cuttings or by grafting or budding on to seedling or cutting-grown rootstocks of A. deliciosa or A. chinensis, or by striking cuttings, or by tissue culture. Trial plantings of grafted plants established in Rangiriri, New Zealand in 2000 have shown that the unique combination of characteristics, observed with the first mature fruit of 2000, come true to form, are established, and transmitted through succeeding asexual propagations. The photographs included were taken in April 2006 and are of plants grafted in July 1999.

‘Skelton X78’ flowers a week to two weeks earlier than ‘HORT16A’ and the fruit reaches maturity in late April several weeks earlier than ‘HORT16A’ which reach maturity in early May.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows typical fruit of the new variety in the studio;

FIG. 2 shows typical fruit of the new variety in the orchard;

FIG. 3 shows fruit of the new variety in cross-section;

FIG. 4 shows typical fruit of the parent female A124 species in the studio and in cross-section;

FIG. 5 shows typical fruit of the new variety in the studio compared with other varieties, in order: ‘A1’; ‘Skelton A19;’ ‘Skelton A16;’ and ‘Skelton X78;’ and

FIG. 6 shows typical fruit of the new variety in the studio compared with other varieties in cross-section, in order: ‘A1’; ‘Skelton A16;’ ‘Skelton A19;’ and ‘Skelton X78.’

COMPARISON TO CLOSEST VARIETY

The distinctive characteristics of ‘Skelton X78’ were first observed with the first fruit maturing in 2000. The distinctive characteristics of this new Kiwi variety, described in detail below and shown in the accompanying photographs, were observed in April 2006 at Rangiriri, New Zealand. The age of the plants was approximately six years from grafting onto seedling rootstocks.

Comparison with the similar variety ‘HORT16A’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,066) shows that ‘Skelton X78’ may be distinguished as follows in Table 1:

TABLE 1
Comparison With Similar Variety.
Observations made under New Zealand Growing Conditions

Characteristic	HORT16A	X78
FRUIT
Harvest Date	Early May	Late April
Color of Ripe	Medium yellow	Greenish yellow (5C)
Pericarp	(12C/12B)
Skin Color	Yellow-brown 199B	Yellow-brown 199B
Mean Fresh Weight	43-176 grams	67-93 grams
Mean Dry Matter at	18%	15.5%
Harvest
Average Length	79.1 mm	75.0 mm
Average Width	51.1 mm	46.0 mm
Core Diameter	12.4 mm	12.0 mm
Width/Length Ratio	0.65	0.65
Sweetness (Brix) at	15.6%	15.8%
maturity for
consumption
General Shape	Ovoid	Ovoid
Cross sectional	Circular	Circular
shape
Shape at Stylar End	Strongly blunt protruding	Slightly blunt protruding
Skin: Hairiness	Present	Present/downy
VINE
Shoots:
Color	144B	144B
Texture	Smooth	Smooth
Stem:
Colour-upper	177A	165A
Colour-lower	199A	199A
Mean diameter	9.5 mm	9.0 mm
Texture	Smooth	Smooth
Lenticel (if present)	Present	Present
LEAF:
Colour-upper	147A	144A
Colour-lower	148B	144B
Shape	Orbiculate	Broadly Orbiculate
Length	124 mm	146 ± 15.9 mm
Width	151 mm	147 ± 21.7 mm
Apex	Acute	Acuminate
Base	Cordate	Cordate
Margin	Ciliate	Ciliate
Texture	Glabrous	Glabrous
FLOWER
Inflorescence:
Predominant	3	3
number of flowers
Petiole:
Length	103 mm	70.8 ± 11.9 mm
Colour	145B	182B
Pedicel:
Length	27.1 mm	38 mm
Colour	151A	145A
Hairs	Present	Present
Length of hairs	Very short	Very short
Flower:
Coloration of petals	Bi-coloured	Bi coloured
Primary Colour	White 155B	White 155C
Secondary colour	Green 144D	Green 145B
base of petal
Diameter	51 mm	51 mm
Arrangement of	Overlapping	Overlapping
Petals
Mean number of	6	7
petals/flower
Mean length of	28.8 mm	23.6 mm
petals
Mean width of	23.9 mm	18.8 mm
petals
Petal ratio of length	1.21	1.25
to width
Petal shoulder	Present	Present
Filament colour	Green/White 157A	Green/White 157A
Anther colour	Yellow 16C	Burnt orange 17A
Attitude of styles	Semi erect	Semi erect
Curvature of styles	Absent	Absent
Colour of styles	White 155D	White 155A
Amount of hair on	Dense	Dense
ovary
Colour of ovary	White 157B	White 157A
Number of sepals	6-7	6-8
Colour of sepal	Green 148D	Green 148C
Length of sepals
Range	8.7-12.4 mm	9.5-13.8 mm
Mean	11.4 mm	11.2 mm
Sepal diameter	9.1 mm	4.9 mm
Flower Opening	Mid October	Early October
Vegetative bud	Early September	Mid August
break
Plant/fruit disease &	None	None
pest resistance
Plant hardiness zone	Not Known	Not known
or heat/cold
resistance
Color references are in accord with the R.H.S. Colour Chart, the Royal Horticultural Society, London, 2001

The most striking differences between ‘Skelton X78’ and ‘HORT16A’ are the dates of vegetative bud break, flower opening, and the date of fruit maturity. ‘Skelton X78’ has a vegetative bud break in mid-August several weeks earlier than ‘HORT16A.’ ‘Skelton X78’ flowers open earlier than ‘HORT16A’ in early October, in comparison to mid October. In addition, the harvest dates of ‘Skelton X78’ are approximately two weeks prior to that of ‘HORT16A’ in late April instead of early May.

Claims (1)

1. A new and distinct kiwi plant of the species A. chinensis substantially as herein described and illustrated.

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