USPP11193P - Apple tree named `Fiero` - Google Patents
Apple tree named `Fiero` Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP11193P USPP11193P US08/962,529 US96252997V US11193P US PP11193 P USPP11193 P US PP11193P US 96252997 V US96252997 V US 96252997V US 11193 P US11193 P US 11193P
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuji
- fiero
- fruit
- medium
- color
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 description 9
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 7
- 240000001140 Mimosa pudica Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207439 Myra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/74—Rosaceae, e.g. strawberry, apple, almonds, pear, rose, blackberries or raspberries
- A01H6/7418—Malus domestica, i.e. apples
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
Definitions
- the present invention comprises a new and distinct variety of apple tree, referred to by the varietal name ⁇ Fiero ⁇ .
- the original tree of the new variety was discovered by me in 1992 as a whole tree mutation in a block of an early ⁇ Fuji ⁇ ( ⁇ Yataka Fuji ⁇ , U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,001) being grown in a cultivated area in Prescott, Wash. I noticed that this single tree, planted in 1991, had an earlier apple maturity than other trees in the block of the same age. Specifically, apples from trees of my new variety mature about mid-September in central Washington state. By comparison, apples from ⁇ Yataka ⁇ trees, an early ⁇ Fuji ⁇ strain, normally mature in late September to early October, and apples from standard ⁇ Fuji ⁇ (not patented) trees mature in late October to early November. Apples from trees of my new variety also have a more intense blushed color than ⁇ Yataka ⁇ apples.
- the ⁇ Fiero ⁇ variety was compared to other ⁇ Fuji ⁇ strains, as set forth or specified below, and, particularly to the ⁇ Yataka ⁇ variety and standard ⁇ Fuji ⁇ . Fruit from all the compared strains were grown in Prescott, Wash. and were from trees of similar age.
- FIG. 1 is a view of typical fruit of ⁇ Fiero ⁇ on a tree.
- FIG. 2 is a close-up view of flowers of ⁇ Fiero ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 is a view of vegetative shoots of ⁇ Fiero ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 is a comparison of fruit-bearing branches of ⁇ Fiero ⁇ and ⁇ BC 2 ⁇ .
- FIG. 5 is a comparison of the degree of starch conversion in fruits of ⁇ Fiero ⁇ and ⁇ BC 2 ⁇ (not patented).
- the upper row includes (from left to right) a whole ⁇ Fiero ⁇ fruit, a transversely sectioned ⁇ Fiero ⁇ fruit, a transversely sectioned ⁇ BC 2 ⁇ fruit, and a whole ⁇ BC 2 ⁇ fruit.
- the lower row includes (from left to right) two halves of a ⁇ Fiero ⁇ fruit and two halves of a ⁇ BC 2 ⁇ fruit, each of which is stained with iodine. Photograph taken Sep. 13, 1995.
- FIG. 6 depicts eight horizontal rows of iodine-stained fruit, each row containing two halves of a fruit from the variety identified in the row to compare the degree of starch conversion in fruit of the following ⁇ Fuji ⁇ clones: ⁇ Fiero ⁇ ; F-4 selection; early ⁇ Fuji ⁇ selection; ⁇ Yataka ⁇ ; ⁇ TAC 114 ⁇ ; ⁇ BC-2 ⁇ ; ⁇ Nagafu 12 ⁇ ; and ⁇ Nagafu 6 ⁇ (of these strains, only ⁇ Yataka ⁇ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,001) and ⁇ TAC 114 ⁇ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,032) are patented).
- the FIG. 6 photograph was taken Sep. 19, 1996, and shows that much more of the starch has been converted in ⁇ Fiero ⁇ fruit in the top row than in the fruit of the other varieties.
- Propagation Holds to distinguishing characteristics through succeeding propagation by grafting.
- Trunk.--Stocky, smooth, gray-green to light brown (Munsell Color 7.5 YR 4/2).
- Internodes --Average internodes length on one-year-old shoot medium (32 mm).
- Size --Broad. Length 70-105 mm, average 87 mm. Width 47-55 mm, average 52 mm.
- Petals position of margins.--Touching to overlapping.
- Core.--Round shape small to medium size. Seed cells closed.
- My ⁇ Fiero ⁇ variety thus represents a new and highly desirable new ⁇ Fuji ⁇ cultivar.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of apple tree named `Fiero` characterized by early maturity, maturing 10 to 14 days earlier than (`Yataka Fuji`) and 30 to 40 days earlier than standard `Fuji`, and an overall pinkish red blush coloration in contrast to the predominantly striped pattern of coloration typical of (`Yataka Fuji`) and standard `Fuji`.
Description
The present invention comprises a new and distinct variety of apple tree, referred to by the varietal name `Fiero`.
The original tree of the new variety was discovered by me in 1992 as a whole tree mutation in a block of an early `Fuji` (`Yataka Fuji`, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,001) being grown in a cultivated area in Prescott, Wash. I noticed that this single tree, planted in 1991, had an earlier apple maturity than other trees in the block of the same age. Specifically, apples from trees of my new variety mature about mid-September in central Washington state. By comparison, apples from `Yataka` trees, an early `Fuji` strain, normally mature in late September to early October, and apples from standard `Fuji` (not patented) trees mature in late October to early November. Apples from trees of my new variety also have a more intense blushed color than `Yataka` apples.
The `Fiero` variety was compared to other `Fuji` strains, as set forth or specified below, and, particularly to the `Yataka` variety and standard `Fuji`. Fruit from all the compared strains were grown in Prescott, Wash. and were from trees of similar age.
This invention has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. However, the following combination of traits have been repeatedly observed in asexually propagated progeny (asexually propagated by grafting both at Prescott, Wash., and in Wenatchee, Wash.) and are the basic characteristics of this invention that in combination distinguish this variety of apple as a new and distinct variety: (1) matures 10 to 14 days earlier (about mid-September in central Washington) than `Yataka` and 30 to 40 days earlier than standard `Fuji` or any of the so-called higher color mutations of standard `Fuji`, e.g., `Nagafu 2`, `Nagafu 6`, `Nagafu 12`, `BC 1`, and `Akifu 1` (all unpatented) and of the patented strains `TAC 114` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,032) and `Myra` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,645); and (2) an overall pinkish red blush coloration in contrast to the predominantly striped pattern of coloration typical of `Yataka` and standard `Fuji`.
Asexual reproduction shows that these characteristics are established and transmitted through succeeding asexual propagations.
The following photographs illustrate typical characteristics of the new variety as noted, with color being as true as is reasonably possible to make the same in this type of color photograph.
FIG. 1 is a view of typical fruit of `Fiero` on a tree.
FIG. 2 is a close-up view of flowers of `Fiero`.
FIG. 3 is a view of vegetative shoots of `Fiero`.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of fruit-bearing branches of `Fiero` and `BC 2`.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the degree of starch conversion in fruits of `Fiero` and `BC 2` (not patented). The upper row includes (from left to right) a whole `Fiero` fruit, a transversely sectioned `Fiero` fruit, a transversely sectioned `BC 2` fruit, and a whole `BC 2` fruit. The lower row includes (from left to right) two halves of a `Fiero` fruit and two halves of a `BC 2` fruit, each of which is stained with iodine. Photograph taken Sep. 13, 1995.
FIG. 6 depicts eight horizontal rows of iodine-stained fruit, each row containing two halves of a fruit from the variety identified in the row to compare the degree of starch conversion in fruit of the following `Fuji` clones: `Fiero`; F-4 selection; early `Fuji` selection; `Yataka`; `TAC 114`; `BC-2`; `Nagafu 12`; and `Nagafu 6` (of these strains, only `Yataka` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,001) and `TAC 114` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,032) are patented). The FIG. 6 photograph was taken Sep. 19, 1996, and shows that much more of the starch has been converted in `Fiero` fruit in the top row than in the fruit of the other varieties.
The following is a detailed description of the invention based on plants produced under orchard practices at Broetje Orchards, Prescott, Wash., and observed at this location from 1992 to 1997. Plants were also produced and observed at C&O Nurseries, Wenatchee, Wash.
Color references are made in accordance with the Munsell Limited Color Cascade, except where general color terms of ordinary dictionary significance is obvious.
All trees of the new variety, insofar as I have been able to observe them, have been identical in all the characteristics described below. All measurements are an average of 10 typical samples.
Species: Malus pumila Mill.
Parentage: Whole tree mutation of `Yataka Fuji`.
Propagation: Holds to distinguishing characteristics through succeeding propagation by grafting.
Locality where grown and observed: Prescott, Wash., and Wenatchee, Wash.
Dates of first and last picking: September 13 to 26.
Trees:
Size.--Medium. Vigor similar to, but less than, standard `Fuji`.
Habit.--Somewhat spreading.
Trunk.--Stocky, smooth, gray-green to light brown (Munsell Color 7.5 YR 4/2).
Branches.--Spreading, wide angles.
Dormant one-year-old shoot.--Medium thickness (8.3 mm), reddish brown to light brown (Munsell Color 10 RP 3/2), lenticels cream colored, elongated, medium in density and size, about 1 mm.
Internodes.--Average internodes length on one-year-old shoot medium (32 mm).
Leaves: Broad, dark green, medium glossy on upper surface, finely pubescent on lower surface.
Size.--Broad. Length 70-105 mm, average 87 mm. Width 47-55 mm, average 52 mm.
Color.--Upper surface, dark green (Munsell Color 10 GY 2/4 10 to GY 3/4); lower surface, medium green (Munsell Color 10 GY 4/4 10 to GY 5/4).
Margin.--Serrate.
Tip.--Sharply pointed.
Petiole.--Medium, 20-25 mm, medium thick, 1.7-1.9 mm, finely pubescent, yellow green (Munsell Color 5 GY 6/6).
Stipules.--Insignificant, in pairs, pointed 5 mm in length.
Flower: Identical to `Yataka Fuji`. First bloom midseason, just before or after Apr. 20, 1997, in Prescott, Wash. Full bloom approximately Apr. 27, 1997.
Size.--Medium-large, about 50 mm.
Color.--Purplish pink when unopened, white when opened.
Petals, position of margins.--Touching to overlapping.
Stamen.--Single row, anthers bright yellow.
Pistil.--Stigma medium length, flat at top, rounded at base; styles medium, fused at base.
Sepals.--Medium size, pubescent.
Pollination requirements.--Compatible with all cultivars, except `Fuji` and its sports, that bloom in the same time period.
Fruit: Maturity when described was mid-harvest period (mid-September); firmness 18-20 pounds; soluble solids 14-16%; starch index (1-6 scale) 3.0-3.5. Size: Medium to large, 83.6 mm to 74.4 mm (280-350 grams).
Form.--Round to occasionally oblong, usually symmetric, length/diameter ratio approximately 1:1, with ribbing absent, a slight crowning at the distal (calyx) end, with lobes either absent or inconspicuous.
Cavity.--Broad, medium depth (15 mm).
Basin.--Medium to deep (11-14 mm), wide (30-35 mm), slightly pubescent.
Stem.--Medium length (26 mm), medium thickness (2.2 mm).
Calyx.--Medium size, lobes convergent from base toward center, finely pubescent, calyx closed.
Locules (carpels).--Medium to small, closed.
Skin: Smooth, without bloom, lacking greasiness. Medium thickness, with no tendency toward cracking. Russeting generally absent, but similar to standard `Fuji`, which can show occasional russet caused by environment or caustic sprays. Russet, where found, was on exposed cheek or around the base.
Ground color.--Yellow-green (Munsell Color 5 Y 8/10).
Lenticels.--Medium in size and density, overall effect inconspicuous. Color: White to light tan.
Overcolor.--Pinkish to red blush (Munsell Color 5 R 4/10), with indistinct striping prior to autumn maturity. Range of overcolor 60-100%, depending upon exposure.
General color effect.--Higher red color at comparable maturity than either early `Fuji` clones or standard `Fuji`, and more like the unpatented red `Fuji` strains, `BC-2`, `Nagafu 2`, and `Nagafu 12`.
Flesh.--Yellowish white in color, very juicy, sweet (14.0 to 16.0 Brix), acidity low (approximately 0.4% malic acid); firmness at harvest 18 pounds, somewhat coarse, nonastringent and mild in flavor. General dessert quality is excellent, very similar to other `Fuji` strains.
Core.--Round shape, small to medium size. Seed cells closed.
Seeds. --8-12 fully developed seeds, obovate shape, medium size, adhering strongly to the carpel wall. Length: 7 mm. Breadth: 4 mm.
Color.--Brown.
Use.--Fresh eating, dessert.
Storage.--Keeping quality is maintained for up to 8 months in CA, 4 to 5 months in common storage at 32° F. (0° C.).
Productivity.--Production to date has been identical to that of adjacent `Fuji` trees. Fruit is borne predominantly on spurs and terminally on short shoots. Some tendency toward alternate bearing, similar to standard `Fuji`, but easily controllable by proper thinning.
Resistance to pests and disease, hardiness: No apparent difference from standard `Fuji` in susceptibility to insects and diseases. No evidence of winter damage or frost damage different from standard `Fuji`.
The earlier maturity date of fruit of my new `Fiero` variety is demonstrated by the greater starch conversion of my new variety in comparison to that of other varieties. In FIGS. 5 and 6, sectioned fruit are stained with iodine, which stains starch a purplish-black. Darker fruits have more starch and thus a lower degree of maturity. Fruits of `Fiero` display significantly lighter staining that the other varieties tested, demonstrating their earlier maturity.
The early maturity date of my new variety is also apparent from the average harvest date. In particular, in Prescott, Wash., average harvest dates have been observed as follows:
______________________________________
Strain Ave. Harvest Date
______________________________________
Fiero September 13-20
Early Fuji F-4 strain
September 18-25
Early Fuji (`Yataka fuji`)
September 23-27
TAC 114 (PP 8,032) October 13-20
Myra (PP 9,645) October 10-22
BC 2 October 18-25
Nagafu 12 October 18-25
Nagafu 6 October 20-30
______________________________________
Fruit of my new variety have an overall pinkish red blush over a substantial percentage of the surface area in combination with the early maturity. This is apparent from FIG. 4, showing `BC 2` fruit and `Fiero` fruit on a side by side comparison and also from the following table:
______________________________________
Strain Color Pattern
Amount
______________________________________
Fiero Pink-red blush
60-100%
Early Fuji F-4 strain
Red blush
60%
Early Fuji (`Yataka fuji`)
Red stripe
30-50%
TAC 114 Red stripe + blush
50-80%
Myra Pink blush and stripe
50-80%
BC 2 Mostly red blush
60-90%
Nagafu 12 Light stripe +
60-90%
blush
Nagafu 6 Striped, some 50-70%
blush
______________________________________
My `Fiero` variety thus represents a new and highly desirable new `Fuji` cultivar.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct variety of apple tree as herein shown and described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/962,529 USPP11193P (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1997-10-31 | Apple tree named `Fiero` |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/962,529 USPP11193P (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1997-10-31 | Apple tree named `Fiero` |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP11193P true USPP11193P (en) | 2000-01-25 |
Family
ID=25506020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/962,529 Expired - Lifetime USPP11193P (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1997-10-31 | Apple tree named `Fiero` |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP11193P (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP16270P2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2006-02-21 | Ira Clevenger | Apple tree named ‘Fugachee Fuji’ |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP10141P (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-12-09 | Auvil Fruit Company, Inc. | Apple tree: `Fuji 216` |
-
1997
- 1997-10-31 US US08/962,529 patent/USPP11193P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP10141P (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-12-09 | Auvil Fruit Company, Inc. | Apple tree: `Fuji 216` |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP16270P2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2006-02-21 | Ira Clevenger | Apple tree named ‘Fugachee Fuji’ |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COLUMBIA & OKANAGAN NURSERY, WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VAN LEUVEN, MYLES;REEL/FRAME:008870/0268 Effective date: 19971028 Owner name: COLUMBIA & OKANAGAN NURSERY, WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VAN LEUVEN, MYLES;REEL/FRAME:009080/0666 Effective date: 19971028 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NURSERY LICENSING ASSOCIATION LLC, WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF CLAIMS;ASSIGNOR:COLUMBIA & OKANOGAN NURSERY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014420/0102 Effective date: 20030815 |