US999976A

US999976A - Combustion-turbine.

Info

Publication number: US999976A
Application number: US36600007A
Authority: US
Inventors: Sebastian Ziani De Ferranti
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1907-04-02
Filing date: 1907-04-02
Publication date: 1911-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 1928-08-08

Description

S. Z. DE PERRANTI.

COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2, 1907.

999,976. Patented Aug.- 8, 1911.

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

-Attes= Inventor,

S! Z. DE FBERANTL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2, 1907.

999,976, Patented Aug. 8,1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A1313 est: Inventor S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2, 1907.

999,976, Patented Aug. 8,1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.2, 1907.

999,976. Patented Aug. 8,1911.

4 SHEETS-BHBBT 4.

Inventor, gm QM de M Atty's,

Attest:

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To all whom itmayczmcem: 7

Be it known that I, SEBAs'rIA'n ZIANI nu FERRANTI, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Grmdleford Bridge, Shefiield, in the county of York, England, and formerly of 31 Lyndhurst road, Hampstead, London N. W., have. invented certain new and useful Improvements Relatingv to Combustion-Turbines and v the Like, of which the following is a specifica- This invention relates to turbine motors of the type in whichcombustion is conducted in 'a combustion chamber-or producer andv the energy of the products utilized by means of expansion nozzles and one'or more turbines working in conjuncti'dn wlth a rotary vacuum pump so 'as to permit of pressures less than that of the atmosphere tobe utilized in the turbine cycle.

The main objects of my present invention are to enable a range. of expansion below.

atmospheric pressure to be economically employed in working with such turbines and to secure a sufiicient range of. expansion even with low compression pressures above atmosphere by working belowatmosphere to the required-extent. r

Fuel used may be obtained from any convenient source such for example as coke ovens or blast furnaces or gas producers and is preferably taken direct, i. 6., without pre-' vious coolmg.

In cases where my lnvention lnvolves both a rotary pressure and a rotary vacuum pump, at least one of these pumps must be of the isothermal type but not necessarily both. Referring now to the accompanying drawings which form part of this specification,

Figure 1 shows a turbine plant with its range of expansion entirely below atmospheric pressure and taking gas from a suction producer; Fig. 2 shows a modification in which the range of expansion is partly above and partly below atmospheric pres sure, Fig. 3 being a similar plant but with a liquid compressor pump'substituted for the rotary turbine pump of Fig. 2, while Fig. 4 shows a turbine system adapted to work with the fixhaust from ,an' internal combustion en e. a

- I wish it to ,be understood that the drawings are to a large extent of a diagrammatic specification 0! Letters Patent. Application filed April 2, 1907. Serial No. 366,000.

nature and should not be taken as working drawings,

Where desirable the same reference symhole are used to denotecorrespondingparts in the different figures.

- .In carrying my invention into effect RC1- cording to one construction as applied in an apparatus working with atmospheric pressure as the maxlmum pressure of the cycle, (see F1g.'1) I employ, a suction gas producer, a,

of any suitable type, the hot gases from' .whlchpass by way orf-the pipe, b, to the interior of a combustion chamber, a, where they burn in air sucked in through the regenerator, d, pipe, e, and-combustion chamb cket, 7. .(In this and the following figures where parts of the apparatus are arranged in duplicate sets, one such set only will'be referred to in order to simplify the description). -I attach on the end of this combustlon chamber an expanding nozzle, h,

of suit-able construction in which the products of combustion and any added. inert fluid (such, for example, as an excess of air drawn in through the'pipe, e,) are expanded down to the pressure ruling in the turbine casing, the fluid at the same time gaining velocity and being lowered in temperature to adegree allowing of its safe ut1lization 1n the turbine, 2'; on account of the high ve- 1001b acquired in the nozzle during this operatlon, I prefer to employ the type of turbins in which the velocity of the impinging Jet 1s abstracted stage-wise in a succession of rings of blades, 6'. The casing, is, of this turblne, is connected to the regenerator, d, which 15 in turn connected byway of the plpe, n, to a multi-stage rotary vacuum pump, 0, having intermediate coolers, 1', thus rendering the compression on the whole substantially isothermal. The vacuum pump, 0, sucks the gases fromthe turbine casing through the regenerator, d, discharging chambers and regenerators are shown in y duplicate, the one vacuum pump serving for both; but it will be obvious that this is merely a matter of design, and any departure may be made from the precise arrangements shown in Fig. 1 or in the figures to be hereinafter described so long as the essen-' tial elements of the invention are included.

' 7 fuel is to' be used, it is preferably introduced Any suitable work ma done by the urfbins-and thisfhavejn icated conventionally inFig. 1 by a machine, a, which: may, for,

' instance,"be a dynamo coupled tojthe turbine. i l In order to startthe power nerator, I provide a store, if, of air un or pressure which can be utilized for starting purposes by, driving, say, the turbine a, connected to the store of airb the pipe, a," the vacuumpump,o, driven y'the turbine u, is thus causedto evacuate the main tur ne casing 4 and so draw in air through the'producer.

- pressed passing gases after expansion in the nozzles maybe the adde of inertfluid, which' may be pr "combustion or air," into the l combust on The-starting air supply may be compressed by an additional'rotary air compressor, '10, driven by the main turbine, the air so comto the store through/the rovide for the addition of a 0gu'antity ucts of chamber, so. that the temperature of the sufficiently reduced. I v When roducts of combustion are used as the re'generator bya branch pipe; 2, from the vacuum pumpydlscharge toatmosphere and adjustment.

' by way of its jacket and arrange a suitable valve, 2, which may be of the threesway type. for their control For the" gas'producer above indicated 1 may substitute any other source. of fuel for the combustion chamber.

In carryingimy invention into efiect according toa modified form (see Fig. 2) I employ arotar isothermal compressor, 3,

havin interme iate coolers, 4', and I connect t is compressor by way of the pipe,

to the regenerator, (2, through which air is thus forced ,to the combustion chamber, '0, the flow through the vjacket preferably being counter to that throug Y this combustion chamber, is adapted-for a w 5 I through the combustion chamber as indi cated by the arrows. Assuniin that oil ressure into the'combustion chamber the nozzle, 6. The.nozzle h of under very great range of expansion as in accordance with my invention, the casing, k, of the turbine is exhausted to any desired degree,

say conveniently to three or four ounds absolute. To eiiect this, a rotary isot ermal vacuum pump, 0,- as before, sucks from the turbine casing through the regenerator, 12,

and delivers the exhaust elastic fluid to the atmosphere through the pipe, ;0. p

If products of combust on are used for the inert fluid a branch, 7, may be led from the pipe, '72, to the inlet of the compressor, 3,

and said products are thus forced through the regenerator to thecombustion chamber. Ow1ngto my employing pressures conslderably under atmospheric in the turbine :ferring to tubes, 10, communicatin inert fluid,-I may lead these to' of expansion.

the isothermal rotary compressor, 3 of Fig. 2, a compressorin which a suitable liquid is used as the medium of compression. Both in this case andfthe preceding, the air is cooled during the course of its compression" to such a degree thatit may usefully ab sorb heat from the exhaust gases while passing thr u h the "regenerator. Thus reig. 3 where one form of such a compressor is shown, water from the nozzle 8, enters ;the center of the thrower, 9, mounted on the main turbine shaft. this thrower having a suit-able number of hollow arms-"passingover a ring of open ended with the annular y In applying my resent invention accord-170] mg to another mo ification, I substitute for chamber-{11; the effect 0 the rapid rotation of the thrower is to shoot, plugs of-water down the tubes, 10, at'a high velocity, the

air to be compressed'being entrained be connection, 12, passes to the separating chamber, 13, the compressed air then passv ing through the pipe; 14, to the regenerator l as in previous modifications described above while the compressing water is led through the ipe, 15, to the cooler, 16, through whic water is circulated by way, of the pipes, 17, and after being thus 'cooled' passes through the nozzle, 8, and repeats the cycle. The isothermal vacuum pump, 0, is connected to the turbine casing as before by way of the regenerator, d. Other .forms of such compressors-using liquid as the medium of compression are described in my "pateht specifications, Nfos. 832783 and is. further part of my invention cdnsists' 1 1 in employing the exhaust ofan ordinary.

reciprocating internal combustion motor in a turbine system' of the above described character so as to utilize the-range-of expension between the discharge pressure of the engine anda pressure considerably below atmospheric, thus increasing the efliciency of utilization of the fuel. Such a system issiugwn in Fig. 4, where the internal combu i0 nected tothe turbine nozzle, h, by way of the exhaust pipe, 19. The energy thus remotor, 18, is indicated as ooncovered may be employed to drive an electric generator as indicated in the figure, or it may be employed to perform the whole one portion of the negative work of the internal combustion engine. According to one arrangement of this, fluid for the reciprocating engine may be isothermally compressed in the compressor, 20, and regenerated from the exhaust leavingithe turbine. Where the turbine cannot supply the whole of the 90 ,tween these plugs. From the chamber, 11, a

energy required for com ression in an engine using compressed Enid, I prefer to finish the compression by a iston compressor, 21, preferablyldriven rom the eng1ne.

In connection with the hereinbefore described vacuum turbine plants, I wish particularly to emphasize the feature of isothermal compression, since 'I consider this essential to the success of any such installation. Moreover, so far as I know, the best way of obtaining the advantages resulting from 4 such isothermal compression is by working it in conjunction with a regenerator. By isothermal compression I mean the substantially isothermal compression produced by a multistage compressor with: intermediate cooling.

' Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In combination, a turbine having blades and a-casing; a stage rotary vacuum pump with intermediate coolers; a connection between said casing and the inlet of said pump witha regenerator disposed in said connection; a combustion chamber in which fuel is burned in air to form working fluid, said chamber having a connection to said regenerator; an expansion nozzle issuing from said chamber and directing said fluid on to said blades together with a connection between the outlet of said pump and said regenerator.

2. In combination, a turbine having blades and a casing; a stage rotary vacuum pump 1 with intermediate coolers; a connection between said casing and the inlet of said pump with a regenerator disposed insaid connection; a combustion chamber in which fuel is burned in air to form working fluid, said chamber having a connection to said regenerator; an expansion nozzle issuing from said chamben. and directing said fluid on to .said blades together with means for dishharging exhaust from said pump at will into the atmosphere or into said regenerator.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI.

Witnesses:

HENRY H. GRUNING, BERT'RAM H. MA'rrHEws.