US9992739B2 - Proactive radio resource allocation - Google Patents

Proactive radio resource allocation Download PDF

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US9992739B2
US9992739B2 US14/900,694 US201314900694A US9992739B2 US 9992739 B2 US9992739 B2 US 9992739B2 US 201314900694 A US201314900694 A US 201314900694A US 9992739 B2 US9992739 B2 US 9992739B2
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resource allocation
network node
radio network
message
radio resource
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US20160150475A1 (en
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Johan Rune
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0219—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
    • H04W72/042—
    • H04W72/048—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/51—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on terminal or device properties
    • H04W76/04—
    • H04W76/046—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/27—Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
    • Y02B60/50—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention presented herein generally relate to radio communication. More particularly, the embodiments presented herein generally relate to allocation of radio resources.
  • Radio communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and so on. Such communication networks generally support communications for multiple user equipments (UEs) by sharing available network resources.
  • UEs user equipments
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • UMTS includes a definition for a Radio Access Network (RAN), referred to as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • the UMTS which is the successor to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies, supports various air interface standards, such as Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access (TD-CDMA), and Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA).
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
  • the UMTS also supports enhanced 3G data communications protocols, such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), which provides higher data transfer speeds and capacity to associated UMTS networks.
  • HSPA High Speed Packet Access
  • Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access EUTRA
  • Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network EUTRAN
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • SAE System Architecture Evolution
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • SAE and LTE/EUTRAN form a complete cellular system referred to as Evolved Packet System (EPS).
  • EPS Evolved Packet System
  • a currently popular vision of the future development of the communication in radio communication networks comprises huge numbers of relatively small autonomous devices, which typically, more or less infrequently (e.g. once per week to once per minute) transmit and receive only small amounts of data (or, alternatively, are polled for data). These devices are not assumed to be associated with humans, but are rather sensors or actuators of different kinds, which communicate with application servers (which configure the devices and receive data from them) within or outside the cellular radio network. Hence, this type of communication is often referred to as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication and the devices may be denoted machine devices (MDs).
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • MTC machine type communication
  • MTC devices machine type communication devices
  • MTC devices With the nature of MTC devices and their assumed typical uses follow that these devices will often have to be energy efficient, since external power supplies will often not be available and since it is neither practically nor economically feasible to frequently replace or recharge their batteries.
  • the MTC devices may not even be battery powered, but may instead rely on energy harvesting, e.g. gathering energy from the environment, that is, utilizing (the often limited) energy that may be tapped from sun light, temperature gradients, vibrations, etc.
  • energy harvesting e.g. gathering energy from the environment, that is, utilizing (the often limited) energy that may be tapped from sun light, temperature gradients, vibrations, etc.
  • energy deprived devices whose traffic is characterized by relatively small and more or less infrequent transactions (often delay tolerant)
  • it may be important to minimize their energy consumption e.g. between and in combination with the communication events.
  • These devices generally consume energy between the various communication events, e.g.
  • this energy consumption may represent a significant part of the overall energy consumption and may even dominate the energy consumption in scenarios where the communication events are infrequent or very infrequent.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary signaling diagram illustrating an example message sequence during the idle to connected mode transition in LTE. As can be seen, the signaling procedure involved during idle to connected mode transition for a UE may be relatively extensive.
  • DRX discontinuous reception
  • DL downlink
  • 3GPP is currently working on extending the maximum DRX cycle length, and thus the sleep period, both for the idle mode DRX cycle and the connected mode DRX cycle.
  • a DRX cycle thus essentially consists of a sleep period followed by an active period and this cycle is repeated over and over again until the device is detached from the network or the DRX configuration is changed.
  • the sleep period is longer than the active period.
  • the idle mode DRX cycle i.e., the paging cycle, is generally configured in the UE through parameters in the system information (SI) that is broadcast in each radio cell, in combination with UE specific parameters in the form of IMSI modulo 1024, and an optional UE specific DRX cycle length.
  • SI system information
  • the connected mode DRX cycle and other DRX parameters are configured in the UE through optional parameters typically in the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message (RRC is an abbreviation of Radio Resource Control), or later in connected mode.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • a more detailed description of DRX mechanisms can be found in literature, such as in the reference book 4 G LTE/LTE - Advanced for Mobile Broadband by Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall and Johan Sköld, Academic Press, 2011, ISBN:978-0-12-385489-6.
  • the DRX mechanisms are defined for both idle mode and connected mode. Generally speaking, these DRX mechanisms are good UE energy saving mechanisms.
  • each communication event is likely to be preceded by an idle to connected mode transition, and this transition is likely to take a significant portion of time from the whole time needed to perform the data transmission.
  • the potential use of long connected mode DRX cycles may increase the risk of radio link failure during mobility between radio cells, which means that idle to connected mode transition may be triggered many times in such scenarios too.
  • this control plane communication is likely to dominate i.e. comprise more messages, larger data volumes and consume more energy, over the user plane communication.
  • the signaling procedure involves many nodes in the network as well as significant processing in the network nodes, e.g.
  • the time intervals separating the messages may be significant.
  • having the MTC device (or other UE) actively listening for downlink transmissions during the entire idle to connected mode transition due to the lack of DRX sleep mode possibilities, may cause a relatively high UE energy consumption in some scenarios. In turn, this may have a significant negative impact on the battery lifetime of a UE, e.g. a MTC device.
  • U.S. patent application 61/811,961 which was filed on Apr. 15, 2013 by Konaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ.), introduces a different way of reducing energy consumption of a UE.
  • U.S. 61/811,961 introduces the possibility for a user equipment (UE) to apply a temporary DRX cycle during the time period when the UE transitions from an idle mode (e.g. RRC_IDLE) to a connected mode (e.g. RRC_CONNECTED). Applying a temporary DRX cycle in the time period between idle mode and connected mode may provide for several advantages. For example, this may allow the UE to save power during its transition from the idle mode to the connected mode.
  • UE user equipment
  • the technology presented herein concerns a method performed by, or otherwise implemented in, a radio network node (e.g., an evolved NodeB) for radio resource allocation.
  • the method comprises determining that an operational status of a user equipment (UE) is an operational status where the UE is in transition from an idle mode (e.g., a RRC_IDLE state) to a connected mode (e.g., a RRC_CONNECTED state); in response thereto determining a radio resource allocation for the UE; and furthermore proactively transmitting a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE.
  • a radio network node e.g., an evolved NodeB
  • the method comprises determining that an operational status of a user equipment (UE) is an operational status where the UE is in transition from an idle mode (e.g., a RRC_IDLE state) to a connected mode (e.g., a RRC_CONNECTED state); in response thereto determining a radio resource allocation for the
  • determining that the operational status of the UE is an operational status where the UE is in transition from the idle mode to the connected mode may for example comprise receiving a data message indicative of the UE requesting a transition from the idle mode to the connected mode; and interpreting said received data message as an indication that the UE is in transition from an idle mode to a connected mode.
  • determining that the operational status of the UE is an operational status where the UE is in transition from the idle mode to the connected mode comprises receiving a random access message 1, RA Msg1, from the UE.
  • the RA Msg1 may comprise a random access preamble.
  • determining that the operational status of the UE is an operational status where the UE is in transition from the idle mode to the connected mode comprises receiving a random access message 3, RA Msg3, from the UE.
  • the RA Msg3 may comprise a RRCConnectionRequest.
  • the method comprises predicting one or more data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from the idle mode to the connected mode; and determining the radio resource allocation for the UE on the basis of said predicted one or more data messages.
  • said prediction of the one or more data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from the idle mode to the connected mode comprises collecting historical data of data messages communicated by one or several UEs during previous transitions from idle mode to connected mode; and predicting the one or more data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node on the basis of the collected historical data.
  • proactively transmitting the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE comprises transmitting a downlink (DL) message comprising a data field indicating uplink (UL) transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • transmitting a DL message may comprise transmitting a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to the UE, wherein an UL Grant field of the MAC PDU comprises an indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • the method may further comprise manipulating a content of a regular UL Grant field of the MAC PDU by altering (e.g. changing, adjusting or modifying) one or more bits of the regular UL Grant field to include the indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • said indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE may additionally comprise an indication indicating a point in time when the allocated UL transmission resources allocated to the UE are to be utilized by the UE.
  • the method comprises transmitting (e.g. broadcasting) a System Information (SI) message to the UE, wherein the SI message comprises a data field indicating a point in time when allocated UL transmission resources allocated to the UE are to be utilized by the UE.
  • SI System Information
  • the method additionally comprises receiving a data message from the UE, said data message comprising an indication to the radio network node that the UE requests the radio network node to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • this data message can be seen as a data message comprising an indication to the radio network node that the UE requests the radio network node determine a radio resource allocation for the UE and proactively return (i.e. transmit) a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE.
  • determining the radio resource allocation for the UE may be performed in response to, or as a consequence of, receiving said data message comprising the indication that the UE requests the radio network node to determine the radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • the technology presented herein concerns a method performed by, or otherwise implemented in, a user equipment.
  • the method comprises transmitting a first data message to a radio network node, the first data message being indicative of the UE requesting a transition from an idle mode to a connected mode.
  • the method also comprises transmitting a second data message, which second data message comprises an indication that the UE requests the radio network node to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • the method comprises receiving a data message including a radio resource allocation from the radio network node.
  • the first data message and the second data message may be separate messages. Alternatively, the first and second messages could be the same data message. That is, the first and second data messages can be transmitted as a single data message.
  • the technology presented herein concerns a radio network node for radio resource allocation.
  • the radio network node may be an evolved NodeB.
  • the radio network node may comprise an operational status determination unit configured to determine that an operational status of a user equipment, UE, is an operational status where the UE is in transition from an idle mode to a connected mode; a radio resource allocation determination unit configured to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE; and a transmitter configured to proactively transmit a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE.
  • the radio network node may also comprise a prediction unit configured to predict one or more data messages the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from the idle mode to the connected mode.
  • the radio resource allocation determination unit may be further configured to determine the radio resource allocation for the UE on the basis of one or more data messages predicted by the prediction unit.
  • the technology presented herein concerns a user equipment (UE).
  • the UE may be a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device.
  • the UE comprises a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transmitter may be configured to transmit a first data message to a radio network node, the first data message being indicative of the UE requesting a transition from an idle mode to a connected mode.
  • the transmitter may also be configured to transmit a second data message, which second data message comprises an indication that the UE requests the radio network node to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • the receiver may be configured to receive a data message including a radio resource allocation from the radio network node.
  • the first data message and the second data message may be separate messages. Alternatively, the first and second messages could be the same data message. That is, the first and second data messages can be transmitted as a single data message by the transmitter.
  • proactively transmitting the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE means that no scheduling request need to be received from the UE prior to the radio network node transmitting the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE. Or said differently, the radio network node does not have to receive any scheduling request from the UE before it transmits the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE. Thus, the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE can be proactively transmitted to the UE without any preceding reception of a scheduling request from the UE. It should also be appreciated that the proactive transmission of the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE may be performed simultaneously, or essentially simultaneously, as a DL transmission during an idle-to-connected mode transition.
  • the method comprises predicting one or more data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from the idle mode to the connected mode; and determining the radio resource allocation for the UE on the basis of said predicted one or more data messages.
  • the transmission of the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE can be made proactive in dependence of the prediction of the one or more data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from the idle mode to the connected mode. Consequently, the radio network node can act proactively in advance based on an expected behavior of the UE during its transition from idle to connected mode.
  • the various embodiments described herein may provide several advantages. For example, by proactively transmitting the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE there is no need for the UE to first transmit a scheduling request to the radio network node. This means that the UE may reduce its total power consumption, e.g. during its transition from idle to connected mode. Also, this may save battery power of the UE.
  • the proactive transmission may coincide with transmission of other DL information to the same UE, which means that the UE does not have to monitor a DL control channel for resource allocations. This may also save energy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a signaling diagram during a time period when a UE transitions from an idle mode to a connected mode
  • FIG. 2 shows flowcharts of example methods performed by a radio network node
  • FIG. 3 shows an example constitution, or format, of a MAC PDU
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an example method performed by a radio network node
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an example method performed by a user equipment
  • FIG. 6 shows an example implementation of a radio network node
  • FIG. 7 shows another example implementation of radio network node
  • FIG. 8 shows an example implementation of a user equipment.
  • the technology presented herein concerns a proactive resource allocation during a time period when a UE is in transition from an idle mode (e.g. RRC_IDLE) to a connected mode (e.g. RRC_CONNECTED).
  • an idle mode e.g. RRC_IDLE
  • a connected mode e.g. RRC_CONNECTED
  • the term “user equipment (UE)” is used to mean any device, which can be used by a user to communicate.
  • the term UE may be referred to as a mobile terminal, a terminal, a user terminal (UT), a wireless terminal, a wireless communication device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a mobile phone, a cell phone, etc.
  • the term UE includes MTC devices, which do not necessarily involve human interaction.
  • the term “radio network node” as used herein generally denotes a fixed point being capable of communicating with the UE.
  • radio network node may denote a node that is not necessarily part of what is typically referred to as a “radio access network”, e.g. a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving General Packet Radio Service Support Node (SGSN), a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) or a Home Location Register (HLR) to name a few examples
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • SGSN Serving General Packet Radio Service Support Node
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example method 200 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the method 200 shown in FIG. 2 is performed by a radio network node, such as for example an eNB.
  • the method 200 comprises determining 210 that an operational status of a UE is an operational status where the UE is in transition from an idle mode (e.g., RRC_IDLE) to a connected mode (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED).
  • a radio resource allocation is determined 230 .
  • a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation is proactively transmitted 250 to the UE.
  • the proactive transmission 250 of the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE means that no scheduling request need to be received from the UE prior to the radio network node transmitting 250 this data message. Or said differently, the radio network node does not have to receive any scheduling request from the UE prior to transmitting 250 this data message. Consequently, the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE can be proactively transmitted to the UE without any preceding reception of a scheduling request from the UE. Since the UE does not have to transmit any scheduling request to the radio network node before receiving the data message transmitted 250 proactively by the radio network node, the UE may consume less energy.
  • the proactive transmission of the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE may, in some embodiments, be performed simultaneously (or essentially simultaneously) as a DL transmission during an idle-to-connected mode transition. Consequently, a UE may receive the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE when it is anyway receiving a DL transmission. Thus, the UE does not need to monitor and receive any DL channel solely for the purpose of receiving the data message proactively transmitted from the radio network node.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates optional acts or steps of determining 210 that the operational status of the UE is an operational status where the UE is in transition from the idle mode to the connected mode.
  • a data message indicative of the UE requesting a transition from the idle mode to the connected mode may be received 211 .
  • This data message may for example be a random access message 1 (i.e. RA Msg1, see e.g. FIG. 1 ).
  • the RA Msg1 may comprise a random access preamble.
  • the data message may for example be a random access message 3 (i.e. RA Msg3, see e.g. FIG. 1 ).
  • the RA Msg3 may comprise a RRCConnectionRequest message.
  • the received data message may be interpreted 212 by the radio network node as an indication that the UE is in transition from an idle mode to a connected mode.
  • the method 200 may additionally comprise predicting 220 one or several data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from idle mode to connected mode.
  • the prediction may be based on the notion that many of the data messages which are signaled during the idle to connected mode transition are standardized and thus relatively predictable.
  • FIG. 1 shows one exemplary signaling diagram illustrating example messages signaled during an idle-to-connected mode transition in LTE. Many of the data messages which are signaled during the idle to connected mode transition are standardized by 3GPP in technical specifications (see e.g.
  • the radio network node may for example be pre-configured with data or information relating to the data messages that are signaled during an idle-to-connected mode transition according to the technical specifications.
  • the radio network node can then base its prediction on such pre-configured data or information.
  • Some data messages e.g. Non-Access Stratum (NAS) messages
  • NAS Non-Access Stratum
  • the signaling of such optional messages are generally determined, or otherwise decided, by operators.
  • the use of such optional messages are oftentimes configured (by the operator) in other radio network entities such as in the MME.
  • the radio network node may collect data relating to such optional messages signaled during the idle-to-connected mode transition by receiving this data from a MME and, thus, base its prediction also on this received data.
  • the radio network node may be configured by an operator with information about usage of optional messages signaled during the idle-to-connected mode transition.
  • FIG. 2C there is shown one example embodiment for predicting 220 one or several data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from idle mode to connected mode.
  • historical data of data messages communicated by one or several UEs during previous transitions from idle mode to connected mode is collected 221 .
  • Some or all of the historical data can be collected from an internal memory of the radio network node if some or all of such historical data is stored in the internal memory of the radio network node.
  • some or all of the historical data can be collected from other radio network nodes such as a MME, as described hereinabove.
  • some or all of the historical data could be collected from a combination of the internal memory of the radio network node and the other radio network nodes such as the MME. Yet further, some or all of the historical data may be collected by monitoring such optional messages that are relayed and/or transmitted from and/or received by the radio network node. Once some or all historical data has been collected 221 by the radio network node, the radio network node can predict 222 the one or more data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node (during the idle-to-connected mode transition) on the basis of the collected historical data.
  • the proactive transmission 250 of the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE may comprise transmitting 251 a DL message comprising a data field indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • transmitting 251 the DL message comprises transmitting a MAC PDU to the UE, wherein an UL Grant field of the MAC PDU comprises an indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • the UL Grant field could be comprised in a MAC Control Element (MAC CE) in a MAC PDU that includes one of the DL RRC messages in the idle to connected mode transition procedure.
  • MAC CE MAC Control Element
  • Such a MAC PDU that includes a higher protocol layer message may have a constitution, or format, which comprises a MAC header, zero or more MAC CEs and zero or more MAC SDUs and optional padding.
  • the MAC header consists of a sub-header for each MAC CE and/or MAC SDU and/or padding included in the MAC PDU.
  • a MAC SDU generally comprises data from a higher protocol layer, e.g. a RRC message.
  • the constitution, or format, of such MAC PDU is disclosed in FIG. 6.1.2-3 of the 3GPP Technical Specification 3GPP TS 36.321, V. 11.0.0.
  • FIG. 3 shows another example constitution, or format, of a MAC PDU 300 that comprises an indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • the MAC PDU 300 depicted in FIG. 3 is generally tailored for conveying Random Access Response messages and is different from the above described type of MAC PDU that is used for conveying higher protocol layer messages.
  • the MAC PDU 300 shown in FIG. 3 comprises a MAC header 310 and zero, one or more MAC RARs 320 .
  • the MAC RARs 320 are so-called payload fields.
  • a padding field 330 can be included.
  • the MAC header 310 has a variable length and includes at least one MAC subheader 311 , 312 .
  • Each subheader 312 except a Backoff indicator (BI) subheader 311 corresponds to one MAC RAR. If included, the BI subheader 311 may be the first subheader included within the MAC header 310 .
  • the BI subheader 311 may comprise five header fields, i.e. an E field of one bit, a T field of one bit, a BI field of four bits, and reserved (R) fields of two bits. In general, such a structure is referred to as an E/T/R/R/BI structure.
  • the E field is an extension field indicating whether or not an additional field is in the MAC header 310 .
  • E/T/RAPID Random Access Preamble IDentifier
  • MAC RARs 320 or padding 330 is started from the next byte.
  • the T field is a type flag indicating whether or not the MAC subheader 311 has an access ID (i.e. is a RAPID subheader corresponding to a MAC RAR) or BI.
  • 0 is used as a R bit.
  • a general UE may perform a procedure irrespective of the R fields included in the MAC RAR.
  • the MAC subheaders denoted 312 may comprise three header fields, i.e.
  • a MAC RAR 320 generally comprises four fields, as defined in Technical Specification 3GPP TS 36.321 V.11.0.0 and as exemplified in lower portion of FIG. 3 .
  • Each MAC RAR generally comprises six octets, each octet comprising eight bits as is also illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • a first field 321 is generally a reserved (R) field of one bit.
  • a second field 322 is generally a Timing Advance Command field of, e.g., eleven bits.
  • a third field 323 generally comprises an UL grant field.
  • the third field 323 is generally of 20 bits.
  • a fourth field 324 generally comprises the Temporary C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier).
  • the fourth field 340 is generally of 16 bits.
  • the radio network node manipulates 240 (see FIG. 2A ) the content of the regular UL Grant field 323 as defined by the 3GPP TS 36.321 by altering one or more bits of this regular UL Grant field 323 to include the earlier-mentioned indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • a regular Grant field 323 may comprise a Frequency Hopping field 323 a , a Resource Block Allocation field 323 b , a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) field 323 c , a Transmit Power Control (TPC) Command field 323 d , a Channel State Information (CSI) request field 232 d , and a UL Delay field 323 e .
  • MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
  • TPC Transmit Power Control
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • the content of the regular UL Grant field 323 is manipulated by altering one or more bits of the MCS field 323 c and/or the UL Delay field 323 e .
  • the above-mentioned point in time may be a time period with a pre-defined duration. That is, it would be possible to alter one or more bits of this regular UL Grant field 323 to include an indication indicating a time period during which the allocated UL transmission resources allocated to the UE are to be utilized by the UE.
  • the above-mentioned point in time could be expressed as a certain (e.g., pre-defined) number of subframes ahead in time (i.e. in the future).
  • the precise time between reception of a UL Grant and the allocated UL transmission resources is expressed as a number of subframes (of one millisecond each) minus a Timing Advance (TA) value, i.e. N ⁇ T subframe ⁇ T A where N is the number of subframes, T subframe is the time length of a subframe (e.g. 1 ms) and T A is the TA value.
  • TA Timing Advance
  • this regular UL Grant field 323 could be extended from 1 bit to multiple bits, e.g. 5 bits to enable a range of potentially indicated number of subframes.
  • the delay (i.e. the number of subframes) indicated by the UL delay field 323 e may be chosen to have either value 0 or value 1, wherein the respective values 0 and 1 refer to different suitable values (e.g. value 0 meaning 50 ms and value 1 meaning 100 ms).
  • the UL grant field 323 utilized and illustrated in FIG. 3 may differ from a regular UL grant field as transmitted on the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) in that its MCS field 323 c consists of 4 bits instead of 5 bits.
  • Such a 4 bit MCS field may be referred to as a truncated MCS field.
  • One optional way of manipulating a regular UL grant of FIG. 3 may e.g. comprise extending the truncated MCS field 323 c of the UL grant field 323 depicted in FIG. 3 from 4 bits to 5 bits. This could enable the UL grant field 323 to indicate all the 32 possible values of an MCS field in an UL grant field 323 transmitted on the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel).
  • a regular UL grant field 323 can thus be altered to include an indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE and/or an indication of a point in time when allocated UL transmission resources are to be utilized by the UE.
  • the indication of the point in time when allocated UL transmission resources are to be utilized by the UE may be an explicit indication e.g. indicating a certain number of subframes (ahead in time) when allocated UL transmission resources are to be utilized by the UE.
  • the indication may be an implicit indication. If utilizing an implicit indication, it may be advantageous if the point in time when allocated UL transmission resources are to be utilized by the UE is known to the UE in advance in some way.
  • the point in time (e.g. expressed as number of subframes ahead in time) when allocated UL transmission resources are to be utilized by the UE is pre-configured into an internal memory of the UE.
  • the radio network node transmits (e.g. broadcasts) a System Information (SI) message to multiple UEs.
  • SI message may include a data field indicating the point in time (e.g. expressed as a number of subframes ahead in time starting from the reception of the message including the indication of the allocated resources) when allocated UL transmission resources allocated to the UE are to be utilized.
  • An alternative way of conveying, or transmitting, the indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE is that the radio network node sends an UL grant on the PDCCH in the same subframe as it transmits the scheduling assignment for a DL message (and sends the actual DL message).
  • the regular UL grant format that is used for regular UL transmission resource allocations transmitted on the PDCCH could be modified to provide an explicit or implicit indication of that the indicated transmission resources are allocated a certain number of subframes, or milliseconds, ahead in time (i.e. the time period between the reception of the indication on the PDCCH and the point in time when the indicated allocated resources should be utilized by the UE).
  • This indication may include the explicit number of subframes, or milliseconds, or may require that the number of subframes, or milliseconds, be known from another source, such as the system information or hardcoded in the UE and the radio network node based on a standardized value.
  • FIG. 4 shows one example method utilizing a triggering mechanism.
  • the illustrated acts, or steps, are the same or substantially the same as the corresponding steps described earlier with respect to FIG. 2 and will therefore not be repeated here.
  • the method additionally comprises receiving 411 a data message from the UE, said data message comprising an indication to the radio network node that the UE requests the radio network node to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • this data message can be seen as a data message comprising an indication to the radio network node that the UE requests the radio network node to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE and proactively return (i.e. transmit) a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE and optionally repeat such proactive resource allocation for further messages during the idle to connected mode transition.
  • Determining 230 the radio resource allocation for the UE may be performed in response to, or as a consequence of, receiving 411 said data message comprising the indication that the UE requests the radio network node to determine the radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • the acts, or steps, illustrated in FIG. 4 do not necessarily have to be performed in the illustrated order.
  • the above-mentioned data message including the request to utilize proactive transmission of the resource allocation may be received 411 prior to act 210 .
  • the reception 411 of this data message can be performed subsequent to act 220 .
  • the method 500 illustrated in FIG. 5 comprises transmitting 510 a first data message to a radio network node, the first data message being indicative of the UE requesting a transition from an idle mode to a connected mode.
  • the method also comprises transmitting 511 a second data message, which second data message comprises an indication that the UE requests the radio network node to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • this second data message can be seen as a data message comprising an indication to the radio network node that the UE requests the radio network node determine a radio resource allocation for the UE and proactively return (i.e. transmit) a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE.
  • the method 500 comprises receiving 530 a third data message including a radio resource allocation from the radio network node.
  • the first data message and the second data message may be separate messages.
  • the first and second messages could the same data message. That is, the first and second data messages can be transmitted as a single data message.
  • the acts (or steps) illustrated in FIG. 5 do not necessarily have to be performed in the illustrated order. For example, act 520 could be performed prior to act 510 .
  • One possible triggering mechanism is that the UE indicates in the RRCConnectionRequest message (see FIG. 1 ) that it prefers, or accepts, that a proactive transmission of a determined resource allocation (as described hereinabove) is utilized.
  • One possible way to include the indication in the RRCConnectionRequest RRC message could be to utilize one or both of the spare values of the existing establishmentCause information element (IE). Using one spare value could enable indication of preference and/or acceptance of the proactive resource allocation. Using both spare values could provide the possibility to indicate not only preference and/or acceptance of the proactive resource allocation but also the number of subframes between the allocation of the resources and the occurrences of them, i.e.
  • the point in time (expressed as a number of subframes ahead in time from the reception of the message including the resource allocation) when the UE should utilize the allocated transmission resources.
  • Yet another option in combination with an indication in the RRCConnectionRequest message could be that the indication triggers the eNB to configure the number of subframes to be used between a proactive resource allocation and the actual occurrence of the transmission resource (i.e. the point in time when the UE should utilize the allocated resource) in the RRConnectionSetup message.
  • Another possible way to trigger the use of the proactive resource allocation is that the UE indicates in the RRCConnectionSetupComplete RRC message (see FIG. 1 ) that it prefers, or accepts, that the proactive resource allocation feature is utilized.
  • Still another possible way to trigger the use of the proactive resource allocation feature is to include in the subscriber data in a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) that the proactive resource allocation feature should be used for the UE in question.
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • a corresponding indication may also be stored in the Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) in the UE.
  • USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module
  • there may also be an indication of the number of subframes to be used between the proactive resource allocation and the actual occurrence of the resources. If utilized, such an indication of the number of subframes may in itself constitute the indication that the proactive resource allocation feature as described herein should be used for the UE in question.
  • the indication may for example be downloaded from the HSS to the MME together with other subscriber data when the UE registers in the MME.
  • the indication could be forwarded (i.e. transmitted) to the eNB in a first message from the MME to the eNB during the idle to connected mode transition procedure, e.g., the Initial Context Setup Request S1AP message (message 17 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 ) or the Downlink NAS Transport S1AP message carrying the Authentication Request NAS message (message 9 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 ).
  • the Initial Context Setup Request S1AP message (message 17 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 ) or the Downlink NAS Transport S1AP message carrying the Authentication Request NAS message (message 9 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 ).
  • this alternative may trigger the use of the proactive resource allocation later in the idle to connected mode transition procedure, but if the Downlink NAS Transport S1AP message carrying the Authentication Request NAS message is used, then there are still several UL transmissions that may benefit from advantages of the embodiments disclosed throughout this disclosure.
  • the UE indicates in a NAS message to the MME that it prefers, or accepts, the use of the proactive resource allocation during its transition from idle to connected mode.
  • the NAS message should advantageously be the one that is included in the RRCConnectionSetupComplete RRC message (i.e. message 5 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 ).
  • this NAS message is a Service Request NAS message, but in other scenarios it may also be another NAS message, such as an Attach Request NAS message, an Extended Service Request NAS message or a Tracking Area Update Request NAS message.
  • the UE should inform the MME by including the information already in the Attach Request NAS message when the UE attaches to the network.
  • the MME should store the information in the UE context and forward it to the new MME in case of a subsequent MME relocation. If the MME later receives new information from the UE, e.g. in one of the NAS messages Service Request or Tracking Area Update Request, the new information should replace the old one in the MME.
  • the MME may forward (i.e. transmit) the indication to the eNB in the Initial Context Setup Request S1AP message (i.e. message 17 in the message sequence FIG. 1 ) or the Downlink NAS Transport S1AP message carrying the Authentication Request NAS message (i.e. message 9 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 ).
  • the UE indicates in a NAS message to the MME that it prefers, or accepts, the use of the proactive resource allocation feature. Wth this alternative the indication may be associated with a category or capability of the UE. It could then be included in any of the IEs in the Attach Request NAS message that indicates various properties of the UE, i.e. the UE network capability IE, the MS network capability IE, the Mobile station classmark 2 IE or the Device properties IE. As these IEs are included in a NAS message they may be delivered (i.e. transmitted) to the MME.
  • the MME may inform the eNB so that the eNB should use the proactive resource allocation as described herein for concerned UE(s).
  • the MME preferably carries this out by forwarding the indication to the eNB in the Initial Context Setup Request S1AP message (i.e. message 17 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 or the Downlink NAS Transport S1AP message carrying the Authentication Request NAS message (i.e. message 9 in the message sequence of FIG. 1 ).
  • the UE-EUTRA-Capability IE may for example be extended with the indication that the UE prefers, or accepts, the proactive resource allocation as described in this disclosure.
  • the eNB may request the capability information from the UE by e.g. transmitting the RRC message UECapabilityEnquiry to the UE.
  • the UE may then respond with the RRC message UECapabilityInformation, including the capability information as described above.
  • the eNB may then forward (i.e. transmit) the information to the MME as follows.
  • the MME stores the UE capability information in its UE context and keeps it for as long as the UE remains attached to the network (and transfers it to a new MME in case of MME relocation).
  • the MME may transfer the UE capability information to the eNB in the in the UE Radio Capability IE in the S1AP message Initial Context Setup Request (message 17 in the message sequence in FIG. 1 ).
  • the UE Radio Capability IE is optional in the Initial Context Setup Request message and during the Attach procedure it may be absent. This absence may e.g. trigger the eNB to request the information from the UE and forward it to the MME.
  • the UE indicates in a MAC Control Element that it prefers, or accepts, the use of the proactive transmission resource allocation feature.
  • the MAC Control Element could advantageously be included in a MAC PDU carrying one of the uplink RRC messages, e.g. the RRCConnectionRequest RRC message or the RRCConnectionSetupComplete RRC message, but it could also be signalled in a separate MAC PDU.
  • a MAC PDU that includes a higher layer message, such as a RRC message is a more general type of MAC PDU than the MAC PDU that is dedicated for Random Access Response messages depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • This more general MAC PDU may have a constitution, or format, which comprises a MAC header, zero or more MAC Control Elements and zero or more MAC SDUs and optional padding.
  • the MAC header consists of a sub-header for each MAC Control Element and/or MAC SDU and/or padding included in the MAC PDU.
  • a MAC SDU contains data from a higher protocol layer, e.g. a RRC message.
  • the constitution, or format, of this more general MAC PDU is disclosed in FIG. 6.1.2-3 of the 3GPP Technical Specification 3GPP TS 36.321, V. 11.0.0.
  • the UE indicates preference, or acceptance, of the proactive resource allocation in the RA Msg1, i.e. the first message in the random access procedure (see e.g. FIG. 1 ).
  • a possible way to indicate this by utilizing the RA Msg1 is to use a preamble from a dedicated group of preambles, wherein the preambles of this dedicated group are defined to have a special meaning, i.e. in this case that the UE sending the preamble prefers, or accepts, the use of the proactive resource allocation as described in this disclosure.
  • the currently used two preamble groups, A and B could be complemented with another preamble group for this purpose.
  • This special preamble group would then preferably be announced in the system information (SI) that is broadcast in the cell.
  • SI system information
  • the indication is to be combined with, or have the additional purpose of, indicating the number of subframes to be used between the proactive transmission of the resource allocation and the actual occurrence of the utilization of UL transmission resources, then multiple dedicated preamble groups could be defined, one for each value that should be possible to indicate for the number of subframes.
  • Yet another option in combination with the use of a dedicated preamble group could be that the UE indicates preference, or acceptance, of the proactive transmission of resource allocation through the use of a random access preamble from a dedicated preamble group in RA Msg1 and the eNB responds in RA Msg2 (see FIG. 1 ) by configuring the UE with the number of subframes to be used between a proactive transmission resource allocation and the actual occurrence of the transmission resource.
  • the proactive transmission resource allocation as described hereinabove may be extended to comprise also allocation of transmission resources for the DL messages of the idle to connected mode transition procedure. This would relieve the UE of having to monitor the PDCCH for DL scheduling assignments.
  • a proactive DL transmission resource allocation could occur in combination with the preceding DL message transmission, i.e. simultaneously with the proactive UL transmission resource allocation for the UL message preceding the concerned DL message.
  • An alternative to performing the proactive DL transmission resource allocation in combination with the preceding DL message transmission is to do it in combination with transmission of HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) feedback on a preceding UL message.
  • HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
  • the optimal number of subframes to be used when carrying out the embodiments described herein should be tested and evaluated for each specific case.
  • the optimal number of subframes between a proactive transmission resource allocation and the occurrence of the allocated resources may be different for different messages. It may, for example, depend on the processing time needed in the UE for the preceding DL message and/or the processing time needed for preparing a certain UL message for transmission. Taking this into account it would be possible to use different number of subframes between the proactive transmission resource allocation and the actual occurrence of the allocated resources for different messages.
  • the radio network node may proactively allocate transmission resources to several future (UL and/or DL) messages in the same message, i.e. in one single data message.
  • the type of message could be as indicated herein, i.e. a MAC PDU.
  • the point in time for each of such multiple resource allocations to occur, i.e. the point in time when the allocated resource should be used, could be expressed as a number of subframes from the reception of the allocation.
  • the point in time of utilization could be expressed as a number of subframes from the reception of the preceding DL message.
  • the point in time of utilization may be expressed as a number of subframes from the transmission of the preceding UL message.
  • the point in time of the transmission of the preceding UL message may be defined as the point in time of reception of a HARQ acknowledgement indicating that the eNB has successfully received the complete UL message.
  • FIG. 6 provides an example embodiment of a radio network node 600 .
  • the radio network node 600 may include a controller 610 , a transmitter (Tx) and/or receiver (Rx) 620 , an operational status determination unit 630 , a prediction unit 640 and a radio resource allocation determination unit 650 .
  • the operational status determination unit 630 is configured to determine that an operational status of a UE is an operational status where the UE is in transition from an idle mode to a connected mode.
  • the radio resource allocation determination unit 650 is configured to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE.
  • a transmitter 620 is configured to proactively transmit a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE.
  • the transmitter 620 may e.g. be configured to proactively transmit the data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE by transmitting a DL message comprising a data field indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • the DL message may comprise a MAC PDU, wherein an UL Grant field of the MAC PDU comprises an indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE, as described hereinabove.
  • the radio resource allocation unit 650 is configured to manipulate a content of a regular UL Grant field of the MAC PDU by altering one or more bits of the regular UL Grant field to include the indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE.
  • the indication indicating UL transmission resources allocated to the UE may additionally comprise an indication indicating a point in time (e.g. expressed as a number of subframes ahead in time from the reception of the message including the indication) when the allocated UL transmission resources allocated to the UE are to be utilized by the UE.
  • the transmitter (Tx) 620 may be configured to transmit a SI message to the UE (and other UEs), wherein the SI message comprises a data field indicating a point in time when allocated UL transmission resources allocated to the UE (and the other UEs) are to be utilized by the UE (e.g. expressed as a number of subframes ahead in time from the reception of the message including the indication).
  • an optional prediction unit 650 may be configured to predict one or more data messages the UE will transmit to the radio network node during its transition from the idle mode to the connected mode.
  • the radio resource allocation determination unit 650 may be further configured to determine the radio resource allocation for the UE on the basis of one or more data messages predicted by the prediction unit 650 .
  • the optional prediction unit 650 may be configured to collect historical data of data messages communicated by one or several UEs during previous transitions from idle mode to connected mode; and predict the one or more data messages that the UE will transmit to the radio network node on the basis of the collected historical data.
  • the receiver 620 is configured to receive a data message from the UE, said data message comprising an indication or request to the radio network node 600 that the UE requests the radio network node 600 to determine a radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • the radio resource allocation determination unit 650 may thus be configured to determine the radio resource allocation for the UE in response to the receiver 620 receiving this data message.
  • FIG. 6 provides a logical view of an example radio network node and the components included therein. It is not strictly necessary that each component be implemented as physically separate modules. Some or all components may be combined in a physical module. Also, the components of the radio network node need not be implemented strictly in hardware. It is envisioned that the components can be implemented through any combination of hardware and software.
  • the radio network node 700 may include one or more hardware processors 710 , one or more memories 720 (internal, external, or both), and a transceiver 730 .
  • the transceiver may comprise a transmitter functionality (Tx) and a receiver functionality (Rx).
  • the one or more memories 720 may thus store computer program code, which, when run in the one or more processors 710 , causes the radio network node 700 to determine that an operational status of a UE is an operational status where the UE is in transition from an idle mode to a connected mode; in response thereto determine a radio resource allocation for the UE; and proactively transmit a data message indicating the determined radio resource allocation to the UE.
  • FIG. 8 provides an example embodiment of a UE 800 .
  • the UE 800 may comprise one or more hardware processors 810 , one or more memories 820 (internal, external, or both), and a transceiver 830 .
  • the transceiver may comprise a transmitter functionality (Tx) and a receiver functionality (Rx).
  • a transmitter may be configured to transmit a first data message to a radio network node, wherein the first data message is indicative of the UE requesting a transition from an idle mode to a connected mode.
  • the transmitter may be configured to transmit a second data message, which comprises an indication that the UE requests the radio network node to determine the radio resource allocation for the UE taking the transition from the idle mode to the connected mode of the UE into consideration.
  • a receiver may be configured to receive a third data message including a radio resource allocation from the radio network node in response to the transmitter having transmitted the first and/or second data messages.
  • the inventor propose a proactive resource allocation during a time period when a UE is in transition from an idle mode (e.g. RRC_IDLE) to a connected mode (RRC_CONNECTED).
  • an idle mode e.g. RRC_IDLE
  • RRC_CONNECTED a connected mode
  • the UE may also be relieved from monitoring the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) that is normally monitored for UL grants (preceding UL transmissions during the idle-to-connected mode transition) in response to the UE having transmitted the scheduling request. This may allow the UE to save battery power, since the UE can reduce its energy consumption.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • the UE can skip the normal transmission of the scheduling request and the normal monitoring of the PDCCH and instead enter or remain in sleep mode until a subsequent transmission of a next UL message.
  • block diagrams herein can represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry or other functional units embodying the principles of the embodiments.
  • any flow charts and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.
  • the functions of the various elements including functional blocks may be provided through the use of hardware such as circuit hardware and/or hardware capable of executing software in the form of coded instructions stored on computer readable medium.
  • functions and illustrated functional blocks are to be understood as being either hardware-implemented and/or computer-implemented, and thus machine-implemented.
  • the functional blocks may include or encompass, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, reduced instruction set processor, hardware (e.g., digital or analog) circuitry including but not limited to application specific integrated circuit(s) [ASIC], and/or field programmable gate array(s) (FPGA(s)), and (where appropriate) state machines capable of performing such functions.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a computer is generally understood to comprise one or more processors or one or more controllers.
  • the functions may be provided by a single dedicated computer or processor or controller, by a single shared computer or processor or controller, or by a plurality of individual computers or processors or controllers, some of which may be shared or distributed.
  • use of the term “processor” or “controller” shall also be construed to refer to other hardware capable of performing such functions and/or executing software, such as the example hardware recited above.
  • MAC PDU formats One conceivable MAC PDU format, or constitution, is the MAC PDU as disclosed in FIG. 6.1.2-3 of the 3GPP Technical Specification 3GPP TS 36.321, V. 11.0.0, as outlined hereinabove. Still further, while the various embodiments have mainly been described with respect to proactive transmission of UL transmission resources, it will come to mind to one skilled in the art having benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing description and associated drawings that the embodiments presented herein can equally possible be extended to DL transmission resources.

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