US996182A - Process of making incandescent lighting-bodies. - Google Patents

Description

0 WIEDERHOLD. PROCESS OF MAKING INCANDESCENT LIGHTING BODIES. APPLIGATION IILED PEB.13,1909.

996 ,182, Patented June 27, 1 911. 1

WIT M58858 INVENTOR A TTORNE Y8 THE :vonms PETERS cm, WASHINCYON, n c.

PROCESS OF MAKING INCANDESCENT LIGHTING-BODIES.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR lVIEDEnI-Iom, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Jersey City, county of Hudson, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Incandescent Lighting-Bodies, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to process of making incandescent lighting bodies such as are used in conjunction with oxy-hydrogen flames, or in other words, the type of lamp known as calcium light. In such lamps an oxy-hydrogen flame is directed against a refractory body, which is thus brought to incandescence.

The object of my invention is to improve the construction of this refractory body so that it will be much more durable than those employed hitherto for the same purpose and as a result of this greater durability the construction of the lamp may be simplified inasmuch as it is no longer neces sary with my improved construction to move the refractory body so as to bring the flame in contact with different portions of such body.

A further object of my invention is to increase the illuminating power of the lamp.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is avertical section showing a portion of an oxy-hydrogen lamp embodying my improvements; Fig. 2 is an outside view of the refractory body and its carrier; Fig. 3 is an end view of such body and carrier; Fig. 4 is a face view of another form of carrier; Figs. 5 and 7 are face views of two lighting bodies formed on such carrier; Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a face view of still another form of my invention with parts broken away; and Fig. 9 is a corresponding side elevation.

A indicates the nozzle from which the oXy-hydrogen jet is discharged against the refractory body B secured in the carrier 0, which is mounted on the support or post D. The carrier C is made of a suitable refractory material such as a fire clay mixture capable of resisting high heat and is rovided with a. screw-threaded stem G for attachment to the support D, which may be,

made of metal and is further provided at the opposite end with a flange C and an Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 13, 1909.

Patented June 27, 1911. Serial No. 477,510.

inwardly projecting lip C forming a chamber for the reception of the refractory lighting body B. This lighting body is prepared as follows: I mix nit-rate of thorium with about 1% of cerium nitrate and reduce the mixture to the form of oxids as by heating it in a baking oven. To 1.000 parts of the resulting mixture I add 100 parts of a mixture consisting of 99 parts of a 50% thorium nitrate solution and 1 part of cerium nitrate. This produces a paste which is filled into the chamber of the carrier C and there subjected to a high pressure (say 500 pounds to the square inch). The compressed illuminant mixture is then baked so that it becomes hard. The illuminant body thus produced is highly refractory and coherent, so that it will not crumble under the influence of the oxy-hydrogen flame, even if such flame always strikes the same spot of the said body 13. I therefore need not make any provision for adjusting said body so as to make the flame strike different parts of it. Should the incandescent body shrink, as it may, it will still be held in the carrier by the lip C It will be understood that the proportions and ingredients of the mixture employed may be varied. Colored lights may be ob tained readily by the addition of suitable ingredients, thus the employment of a higher percentage of cerium than above set forth will produce a more yellow flame, while with the proportions indicated, the flame is nearly white. If a high degree of whiteness is desired, less cerium may be added. Instead of thorium and cerium I may employ other rare earths having the property of giving light when heated to incandescence.

I have found that a refractory body constructed as above yields a much higher candle power with the same consumption of gas than the usual bodies of the same character. The use of high pressure in forming the refractory body is an important feature as the body is thereby given much greater durability and also will shrink less when exposed to the high heat than it would if the paste were simply filled into the recess of the carrier and then baked without having been compressed.

It will be understood that while I have described the production of oxids of the rare earth metals by heating a mixture of their nitrates, the oxids may be produced in other ways. The solution of thorium nitrate mentioned in the present description is but one instance of a hardening agent or hardening fluid. employed by me for the purpose of causing the illuminant mixture to form a solid compact body when further treated. Other hardening fluids may be employed, for instance a dilute solution of nitric acid.

Instead of making the illuminating body by compression as described above, I may produce it without pressure by applying a solution or paste such as indicated, (or any other suitable solution of rare earth salts), to a suitable carrier and then-heating or baking the body. In this form of my invention I prefer to apply the solution or paste gradually and to bake each portion or addition separately. The simplest way of accomplishing this is to dip the carrier repeatedly into a solution or paste of the character described and after each dipping the adhering film of solution is heated for instance in a blow pipe flame. The carrier should preferably be apertured, and in Fig. 4 I have shown a spirally Wound wire C as an example of such carrier. If only a certain number of coatings or clippings is employed, the illuminating body B produced will have a spiral shape similar to that of the carrier, see Fig. 5. If the building-up process is continued further, the gaps between the spiral coils will be closed entirely, so that a disk-like illuminating body B will be produced see Fig. 7. The wire embedded in the illuminating body will give it great strength, and will prevent its crumbling even if the mass should crack under the influence of the great heat. The end C of the wire may be projected axially and serve as a stem for fastening the illuminating body to the support D, as shown in Fig. 6, a set screw E clamping said stem.

In Figs. 8 and 9, I have shown an apertured carrier consisting of a ring C (formed with an attaching stem C and a network of wires C which are covered either partly (similar to Fig. 5) or entirely as shown, by the illuminating body 13 made as described above.

I claim as my invention:

1. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in mixing thorium and cerium nitrates, reducing the mixture to the form of oxids by heating, adding thereto a mixture of thorium nitrate solution with cerium nitrate, highly compressing the resulting paste, and baking the compressed body.

2. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in adding a hardening fluid to a mixture of oxids of rare earth metals, compressing the resulting paste and baking the compressed body.

3. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in adding a hardening fluid to the oxid of a rare earth metal, compressing the resulting paste and baking the compressed body.

at. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in adding a small percentage of a solution of nitrate of rare earth metals to a mixture of oxids of rare earth metals to form a paste, compressing said paste and baking the compressed body.

5. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in mixing thorium and cerium nitrates, reducing the mixture to the form of oxids by heating, adding thereto a mixture of a thorium nitrate solution with cerium nitrate, and baking the resulting paste.

6. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in adding a hardening fluid to'a mixture of oxids of rare earth metals, and baking the resulting paste.

7. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in adding a hardening fluid to the oxid of a rare earth metal, and baking the resulting paste.

8. The herein described process of making an illuminating body, which consists in adding a small percentage of a solution of nitrates of rare earth metals to a mixture of oxids of rare earth metals to form a paste, and baking such paste.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

OSCAR VVIEDERHOLD. Vitnesses:

JOHN LOTKA, F. F. KIRKPATRICK.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

- Washington, D. G.

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