US99586A - Improvement in looms - Google Patents

Description

N.PE*TERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D. C.

dotted gieten @atentdimite.

Leam Patent No. 99,586, dated February s, 1870;

.IMPRQYEMENT IN Looms.

V v Hrw- The Schedule xeferred'to in these Letters Patent` and making .part of the same 'To all 'whom it may concern v Be itknown that I, JOHN N QRFOLK, oi' Salem, j

in the county of `Essex, and State of Massachusetts have invented a new and useful Improvement in Looms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference beiug'bad to the accompanyingl drawings, in

whichl Figure l, sheet 1, represents an end elevation of the Figure 2, sheet 1, represents a front elevation, partially in section.

Figure 3, sheet 2, represents an elevation, on a scale of three-quarters to one inch, of the shuttle, shuttlecarriage, and portion ofthe lay and race-way.

Figure 4, sheet 2, represents a vertical section of the same.

Figure 5, sheet 2, represents a. plan of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.

My invention hasfor its object the production of a loomlin which the reciprocating movement of the shuttle is obtainedl by a positive mechanism, which acts during its entire reciprocation, thereby dispensing with the picker-motion, and its accessories, and its Yarious disadvantages; also, to increase lEhe speed -at which the loom can be safely worked; to weave wider goods than can be woven on the common loom; and to adapt, without material alteration ofthe loom, the devices used for this purpose to the ordinary forms of looms now in general use, and which the drawing is intended to represent. e

y The nature of my invention consists in an mprovement in those looms in which the shuttle is carried across the la-y of the loom, between the warps, by means ot' a shuttle-carriage below the warp, communicating motion to the shuttle by means oi' rollers arranged on ,the upper side of the shuttle-carriage, which are placed in contact with rollers on the lower side of the shuttle;y The motion ofthe rollers in the shuttlecarriage'is produced by contact of the rollers with the under side of' therace-plate.

My invention further consists in actuating theshuttlc-carriage by means ot' wheels which have a continuons rotary motion, communicating a reciprocating movement .by the alternate winding of the cords on their peripheries. Thus all the parts moving the shuttle have a continuous rotary motion. y In the loom hcreindescribed and shown, the ordinary motions, with the exception of the pickel', need not be disturbed. Iljhestop and harness-motions, letot, and take-up can be operated as is usual.

Referring to the drawing A represents the lay of the loom, which, for this description, is seen most clearly in fig. 4. Thislny,`

may be made either of wood or metal, but I prefer to make it of wood and, in adapting this invention to a common loom, I make use ofthe ordinary lay. It is open through its entire length, forming a groove, B, of snicient size to allow the shuttle-carriage C to pass through it freely from end to end.

To the top of the lay is secured the race-.plate D,

which is 'made either of cast or lmalleable iron, or other' suitable material, and has an opening through its cntire length, of' sufhcient width to allow the rollers E E, in the shuttle-carriage C, to vpass` freely between it. lt is secured to the top of thelay by suitable screws, and` projects over the groove B, closing the top of the groove B, except the space required for the roller E to pass through it. y

Attached to or cast upon the top ot' th'e race-plate D, is a series of guides, F, which are placed at suitable distances apart, and are so shaped as to receive a projection, H, `on the lower side of the shuttle. I prefer to cast these guides on-the race-plate. y

At the ends ofthe lay, outside the warp`s,vthe guide is continuous, its opening corresponding in shape to the guide F.

It will be found most convenient to cast the raceplate in sections, for convenience ot' fitting up, audit can also be cast much lighter,

The rollers E E are fitted in the top side of the 'shuttle-carriage C, upon spring-bearings I I, which may be made of rubber; or a metal spring! may be used. i

These rollers have a auge on each side, bearing up against theY under side4 of the race-plate, being,

pressed up by the action of the springs or the carriage may have a spring-bottom, and the rollers, re- .tained in xed bearings, accomplishing the same result.

The shuttle-carriage G maybe made either of wood or metal-by preference of wood-and should be of suicient length, so that the' rollers E-E may bear outside ot the rollers J J in the Shuttle G.

I prefer to'have the shuttle-carriage run on a strip of leather placed in and secured to the bottom of the groove in the lay.V

The shuttle G is the common shuttle 4now in use, with the addition of the projection -Hfwhich is attached to the4 bottom of the shuttle, and the rollers J J, which are iitted in the ends of the shuttle, upon hearings similar to the bearings of the rollers in the shuttle-carrage.

The projection H, on the 'bottom of the shuttle, may be made of malleable. iron, or other suitable materia-l, and its shape is such as to correspond withthe shape ot" the space between the guides F F, and is so sary movement ofthe shuttle-carriage across the lay.

The projection N is slightly grooved, for the purposc of retaining the cord O while being wound, and starts at the point where itI is desired to commence the n'iovement ofthe shuttle-carriage, and the groovel for retaining the cord is continued around its circumference until it comes near to the point at which it is desired to stop the shuttle-carriage, when the projection is gradually sloped olf, so that it does not retain the cord, and it is released.

lhe amount of space between the starting and stopping-poii-its on the wheels corresponds to the time whiclrit is desired to allow the shuttle to remain still while the cloth is being beat up, and the harnesses changed.

The wheels K are vconstructed as above described when the loom is intended to weave cloth of the common shirti'ng widths. When it is desired to weave wider cloth, and, consequently, to vincrease the length ofthe movement of the ,shuttle-carriage, the wheels K vmust be geared ,so as to give the number of turns corresponding to the increased length of cord. In order to accomplish this result, the wheels K are placed on a separate shaft or stud, and geared from the crank or cam-shaft, so as to give the requisite speed; and

the cord may he wound upon the projection N, a sutcient number of times to give the required movement ofthe shuttle-can'iage.' In this case, the width of the projection must correspond to the number of turns which the cord is required to be wound upon it.

The cprd O is attachedzto the end of the shuttlecarriage, and passes over leading-pulleys in the end of the lay, down vto or near the rocker-shaft Q, under pulleys or eyes at that point, and up through a pnlley or eye placed ou the end ofthe shifting-bar P. It

terminates in a swivehlt, which is connected with the axis of the wheel K.

'lhe shifting-bar P changes tne cord 00u to and o the projection N, on wheel K, at each movement of the shuttle across the lay, and it is operated by the shitting-cam S, which is placed on a shaft geared from the driving-shaft of the loom.

The sliitft-ingbar maybe placed in any position where. itjwillileast interfere with the other workingparts ofthe loom. v

The operation of my improved loom is as follows:

The warp and harnesses being hung as is usual, and the cop placed in the'shuttle, the shuttle and` carriage are placed at either end of the lay. While in this position, one of the cords will be slack, and the other drawn tight, or nearly so. The shifting-bar will draw the c ord to the position on the right-hand side of the loom, indicated in fig. 2, sheet l--that is,

close to the wheel K, in'a line with the projection N. Any suitable power being applied to the loom through the driving-pnlleysL, the wheel K is vrotated in the direction ofthe arrow, iig. 1, winding the cord on the projection N, and drawing the shuttle across the lay. 'lhe rollersdd E, in the shuttle-carriage, are rotated by contact with the under side ofthe race-plate, in a reverse direction to the movement of the carria-ge. 'lhe arrow in fig. 3, sheet 2, shows the direction of this movement.` The rollers J- J, in the shuttle, are rotated in the same direction by contact with the rollers E E, the warp being slightly raised as it passes between the rollers E and J. Any inequalities in the thickness of the warp-threads are compensated for by the elasticity ot' the spring-bearingsof the roller J J in the shuttle. Thile the shuttle is passing through,

the lower shed ofthe warp is below the surface ot' the guides, and liesupon the surface of the lay between the guides. are below the warp, and the cloth is beat up by the' reed in the usual manner.

lhe dotted lines in lig. 1, sheet 1, indicate the position of the warp with the shuttle passing through.

It is obvious, that. by varying the starting and stopping-angle of the projection N on wheels K, the shuttie-carriage may be made to start and stop at any return in the cord O which 'is made as thc cord is wound thus keeping it at a uniform lengt-l1. y

A separate shuttle may be used, placed in a ca*- riagc, occupying the position of the shuttle G, which' may be taken ont and replaced with the same facility as the ordinary shuttle, and which, for convenience, may be preferred to the lixed shuttle.

For weaving fabrics of the ordinary narrow width, when but one turn of the cord is required around the wheel', the shifting-bar may be dispensed with. In this case, the wheel K must be large enough, so that the cord O shall occupy less than lialf the @herunterence of the wheel.

The starting-points are set opposite each other. 'lhe mechanism employed in movingv the shuttle is simple and durable. Having a continuons rotary motion, it avoids the concussions and jars incident tothe picker-motion, which injures and ultimately destroys the loom. Less power is required to operate it.

The warp is not liable to be injured by pressure of the shuttle, and the shuttle, runningr free li'om the reed, cannot chafe or injure it.

The adjustments of the shuttle and shuttle-carriage are simple, and, once fitted properly, will. wear and operate wit-h great uniformity and durability. It may be applied to common looms now in general use for weaving cotton, wool, silk, hemp, flax, jute, and other fabrics, with but slight alterations and expense.y

I am aware that the shuttle has been carried across -the lay of the loom by means of a shuttle carriage, as

shown in several English and American patents. My devices accomplish this purpose more perfectly than any I have ever before known.

Having thus fully described my invention,

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A shuttle-carriage, with'the rollers arranged on its upper side, and in contact with the under side of the race-plate, so as to communicate motion to the rollers in a direction reverse to that o f the shuttle, the said rollers being held up to the race-plate by springs or their equivalents, substantially in the manner described and shown.

2. A shuttle, carried through the warp by ashuttle' carriage, and guided in its passage across the lay by a series otl guides on the upper side of the race-plate, which will allow the warp to pass freely between said uides and so arranged as to n'event the shuttle from Y s o l deviating from its proper course, or tlying out while in its passage through the warp, and provided, at its When the cloth is beat up, the guides erids, with rollers, 4journaled on spring-bearings, and' arranged in Contact with the rollers in the top of' the shuttle-carage.

3. The continuously-rotating flanged or grooved wheels K and shuttle-carriage C, connected by cords or equivalents, the wheels being constructed substam' tially as described, so that the shuttle-carriage is recipruca-ted from a continuously-rotating shaft.

4. The wheels K and cords O, in combi-nation with tllecam and shifting-bar, Aor their equivalents, to guide the cords on and 0H' the flange, :is described.;

fitness my hand, this 19th dany of" July, 186i).

JOHN li. NORFOLK.

Witnesses: J. A; BAssETT, JOHN R. NICHOLS.

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