US995809A - Broach. - Google Patents

Broach. Download PDF

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Publication number
US995809A
US995809A US52073309A US1909520733A US995809A US 995809 A US995809 A US 995809A US 52073309 A US52073309 A US 52073309A US 1909520733 A US1909520733 A US 1909520733A US 995809 A US995809 A US 995809A
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Prior art keywords
shoulders
shoulder
broach
opening
faces
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Expired - Lifetime
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US52073309A
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Emil Slapak
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23DPLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D43/00Broaching tools
    • B23D43/02Broaching tools for cutting by rectilinear movement
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/16Rectilinear broach

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in breaches or broaching tools, and particularly to brooches designed for converting circular openings to polygonal openings, such as square hexagonal and octagonal openings.
  • my invention 1 provide a broach comprising a body portion which is provided with a series of alternately arranged shoulders and recesses extending about the body portion, the shoulder: having a series of Hot il'accs corresponding in number and ar 'augemcnt to the tacos of the polygonal opening which is to be formed, and the faces of the diilcrent shoulders being of successively increasing length until at the last or final shoulder the llat. 'laces merge forming the corners of a polygon.
  • the invention relates to a broach having at one end a shank adapted to be gripped by a clutch or similar holding device of a suitahle press and having a body-portion which is :lorlncd from 'apered stock circular in cross section, the
  • the body portion being provided with a series of alternately z'lrrauged shoulders and recesses spaced lengthwise thereof, the lowermost shoulder being preferably circular in cross section and of a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the circular opening, and each of the remaining shoulders having a cutting edge and a series of tlat faces corresponding in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygon and having between the flat faces arc-shaped portions, the flat faces of the dilfercnt shoulders being of gradually increasing length and the areshaped portions of the different shoulders being of gradually decreasing length but of increasing radius until at the last or final shoulder the flat faces merge forming the corners of the polygon.
  • l igure 1 is a side elevation of a broach which is utilized for converting a circular opening to a square opening.
  • Fig. 2 is a view of same rotated on its longitudinal axis through an arc of 45.
  • Fig. is an eleva tion of a breach which is utilized for converting a circular opening to a hexagonal opening.
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are transverse sectional views along the lines. 4-4, 5-5 and t$-6, respertively of Fig. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are transverse sectional views along the lines 7-7, 8-8, 9-4) and 10-10, respectively, of Fig. looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • the secured in press such and 9 represents the body por shank portion is designed to be a clutch or similar portion of a as a mandrel press, when it is desired to form a square opening from a circular opening in metal or stock.
  • the body portion atits upper end is square in cross section the length of each side being equal to the diameter 01 the lower end of the body portion.
  • the body portion 9 is represents the shank portion otprovided with a series of alternately arranged shoulders 12 and recesses 13 extending about the body portion andspaced longitudinally thereof. All the shoulders are provided with lower cutting edges 14 and may therefore be termed cutting shoulders.
  • These cutting shoulders are each provided with four fiat faces 15 which correspond in number and arrangement to the sides of the square and are of increasing length on the different shoulders from the lowermost cutting shoulder to the uppermost.
  • These flat faces are formed by planing or otherwise forming on the body portion of the broach four sides or faces which coincide with the sides of the square, the opposite sides being arallel to each other and to the axis of the roach.
  • Located between the flat faces 15 of each shoulder are four 'arc-shaped portions or faces 16. These arc-shaped portions of the different shoulders are of gradually decreasing length from the lowermost cutting shoulder to the uppermost shoulder and are of gradually increasin radius.
  • each sioulder overhang slightly the arc-shaped portion: on the shoulder just beneath and thereby form cutting edges, as shown clearly in the transverse sectional views.
  • the flat faces merge, as shown most clearly in Figs. 5 and 6, forming the corners 17 of the square.
  • broach for forming a hexagonal opening
  • This broach has a shanks portion 8 and a body portion 9.
  • the body portion i.-. provided'with alternately arranged -shoulders 12 having cutting edges 14 and annular recesses 13'.
  • the cutting shoulders are each provided,
  • the broach may have any number of sides or faces and may be utilized for forming polygonal openings of any number of sides.
  • a broach for converting a circular opening to polygonal opening comprising a body portion having a series of shoulders and annular recesses spaced lengthwise thereof, said shoulders having cutting edges and having flat faces corresponding'in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygonal openin to be formed and all but the last or final shoulder having arc-shaped portions between the flat faces, the flat faces of the different shoulders being of gradually v increasing length from the lowermost shoulder to the uppermost shoulder until at the uppermost shoulder the faces merge forming the corners of a polygon, and the arcshaped portions of the diiferentshoulders being of gradually decreasing length but of increasing radius from the lowermost shoulder upwardly.
  • a breach for converting a. circular opening to a polygonal openin comprising a body portion circular incross section at its lower end and having-a shank at its up; per end and provided intermediate of the shank and lower end with a series of shoulders and recesses spaced lengthwise thereof, said shoulders having cutting edges and havmg flat faces CQII'GSPOIIdIII in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygo- I nal opening which is to be formed and all but the last or final shoulder having arcshaped portions between the fiatfaces, the
  • fiat faces of the different shoulders being of gradually increasing length from the lOW6f-' most shoulder to the uppermost shoulder until at the uppermost shoulder thefaces 'Inerge forming the corners of a pol gen
  • a broach for converting a circular opening to a polygonal opening comprising a body portion having a shank at its upper end, and provided intern'iediate of the shank and lower end with a series of shoulders havin cutting edges, and having straight faces corresponding in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygonal opening which is to be formed, and having arcshaped portions between the straightfaces, the straight faces of the ilil'l'erent shoulders 10 being of gradually increasing length from the lowermost shoulder to the uppermost shoulder, and the aro-sliapesl po ions of the different shoulders being; of gradually decreasing length but of increasing radius from the lowermost shoulder upwardly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)

Description

B. SLAPAK.
BROAOH.
APPLIOATION FILED OCT. 2, 1909.
Patented June 20, 1911.
number of tools required.
unrrnn s ratus rarnn r or EMIL- SLAPAK, O13 CLEVELAND, 01-110.
BROACH.
fi'pevificetion of Letters Patent Patented June 5 3d. 1911.
Application filed October 2, 1909. Serial No. 520,733.
the same.
. This invention relates to improvements in breaches or broaching tools, and particularly to brooches designed for converting circular openings to polygonal openings, such as square hexagonal and octagonal openings.
Heretolfore circular openings have been converted to polygoi'nil openings either by filing in the sides of the polygon or by driv ing through the circular opening a series of breaching tools each of polygonal shape and of gradually inciwasing sizes. Both of the above methods are unsatisfactory and expensive because oi. the time required in forming the polygonal openings or the large I urthermore the openings are frequently not accurately :f'ormed particularly when formed by filin The object of the present invention is the provision of a. broach which is inexpensive to manufacture and which is so constructed that when driven through a circular opening by one operation forms a polygonal opening with great accuracy.
In carrying out my invention 1 provide a broach comprising a body portion which is provided with a series of alternately arranged shoulders and recesses extending about the body portion, the shoulder: having a series of Hot il'accs corresponding in number and ar 'augemcnt to the tacos of the polygonal opening which is to be formed, and the faces of the diilcrent shoulders being of successively increasing length until at the last or final shoulder the llat. 'laces merge forming the corners of a polygon.
More specifically considered the invention relates to a broach having at one end a shank adapted to be gripped by a clutch or similar holding device of a suitahle press and having a body-portion which is :lorlncd from 'apered stock circular in cross section, the
' body portion being provided with a series of alternately z'lrrauged shoulders and recesses spaced lengthwise thereof, the lowermost shoulder being preferably circular in cross section and of a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the circular opening, and each of the remaining shoulders having a cutting edge and a series of tlat faces corresponding in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygon and having between the flat faces arc-shaped portions, the flat faces of the dilfercnt shoulders being of gradually increasing length and the areshaped portions of the different shoulders being of gradually decreasing length but of increasing radius until at the last or final shoulder the flat faces merge forming the corners of the polygon.
My inventiol'i may be further briefly summarized as consisting in certain novel details of construction which will be described in the specification and set forth in the appended claims.
For an understanding of my invention reference is had to the accompanying sheet of d -a'wings wherein" l igure 1 is a side elevation of a broach which is utilized for converting a circular opening to a square opening. Fig. 2 is a view of same rotated on its longitudinal axis through an arc of 45. Fig. is an eleva tion of a breach which is utilized for converting a circular opening to a hexagonal opening. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are transverse sectional views along the lines. 4-4, 5-5 and t$-6, respertively of Fig. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows. Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are transverse sectional views along the lines 7-7, 8-8, 9-4) and 10-10, respectively, of Fig. looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.
Referring now to Figs. 1 2, i 5 and (3 showing a broach for forming a square opening, 8 the .broach tion. The secured in press, such and 9 represents the body por shank portion is designed to be a clutch or similar portion of a as a mandrel press, when it is desired to form a square opening from a circular opening in metal or stock. At its lower end the bofdy=portion is circular in cross section. 'and the diameter thereof is substantially the same or slightly less than the diameter of the circular opening which is to be converted to the square opening. The body portion atits upper end is square in cross section the length of each side being equal to the diameter 01 the lower end of the body portion. The body portion 9 is represents the shank portion otprovided with a series of alternately arranged shoulders 12 and recesses 13 extending about the body portion andspaced longitudinally thereof. All the shoulders are provided with lower cutting edges 14 and may therefore be termed cutting shoulders.
These cutting shoulders are each provided with four fiat faces 15 which correspond in number and arrangement to the sides of the square and are of increasing length on the different shoulders from the lowermost cutting shoulder to the uppermost. These flat faces are formed by planing or otherwise forming on the body portion of the broach four sides or faces which coincide with the sides of the square, the opposite sides being arallel to each other and to the axis of the roach. Located between the flat faces 15 of each shoulder are four 'arc-shaped portions or faces 16. These arc-shaped portions of the different shoulders are of gradually decreasing length from the lowermost cutting shoulder to the uppermost shoulder and are of gradually increasin radius. The arc-shaped portions on each sioulder overhang slightly the arc-shaped portion: on the shoulder just beneath and thereby form cutting edges, as shown clearly in the transverse sectional views. At the uppermost shoulder the flat faces merge, as shown most clearly in Figs. 5 and 6, forming the corners 17 of the square.
' Referring now to Figs. 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10,
wherein I have shown a broach for forming a hexagonal opening, it will be seen that I have here shown a broach, the principal, general features of the design, bud manner of construction are substantially the same as those first described. This broach has a shanks portion 8 and a body portion 9. The body portion i.-. provided'with alternately arranged -shoulders 12 having cutting edges 14 and annular recesses 13'.
The cutting shoulders are each provided,
- the uppermost shoulder the flat faces merge forming the six corners 17 of the hexagon, these corners being shown clearly in the sectional views.
,lIt will be seen that I have provided a tool, which, although inexpensive to manufacture, will convert a circular opening to a polygonal opening having any 'number of sides very quickly and without requiring the expenditure of a great deal of time as with the methods heretofore employed. All that is necessary is to place the broach in a suitable press .and then lower the. same through ,the circular opening in the stock, the polyg-.
onal opening belng formed by a single stroke of the tool, and, as the tool is forced through the circular opening, the latter is gradually converted to the polygonal shape, the lower edges of. the shoulders gradually cutting away the material and-forming the corners. The material which is removed by these cutting edges of the shoulders passes to the recesses between the shoulders, and thus does not interfere with the cutting operation. It will be understood, of course,- that the broach may have any number of sides or faces and may be utilized for forming polygonal openings of any number of sides. a
What I claim is, o
1. A broach for converting a circular opening to polygonal opening comprising a body portion having a series of shoulders and annular recesses spaced lengthwise thereof, said shoulders having cutting edges and having flat faces corresponding'in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygonal openin to be formed and all but the last or final shoulder having arc-shaped portions between the flat faces, the flat faces of the different shoulders being of gradually v increasing length from the lowermost shoulder to the uppermost shoulder until at the uppermost shoulder the faces merge forming the corners of a polygon, and the arcshaped portions of the diiferentshoulders being of gradually decreasing length but of increasing radius from the lowermost shoulder upwardly. v
2. A breach for converting a. circular opening to a polygonal openin comprising a body portion circular incross section at its lower end and having-a shank at its up; per end and provided intermediate of the shank and lower end with a series of shoulders and recesses spaced lengthwise thereof, said shoulders having cutting edges and havmg flat faces CQII'GSPOIIdIII in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygo- I nal opening which is to be formed and all but the last or final shoulder having arcshaped portions between the fiatfaces, the
fiat faces of the different shoulders being of gradually increasing length from the lOW6f-' most shoulder to the uppermost shoulder until at the uppermost shoulder thefaces 'Inerge forming the corners of a pol gen,
and the arc-shaped ortions of the di erent' shoulders being 0 gradually decreasing length but of increasing radius from the lowermost shoulder upwardly.
3. A broach for converting a circular opening to a polygonal opening, comprising a body portion having a shank at its upper end, and provided intern'iediate of the shank and lower end with a series of shoulders havin cutting edges, and having straight faces corresponding in number and arrangement to the sides of the polygonal opening which is to be formed, and having arcshaped portions between the straightfaces, the straight faces of the ilil'l'erent shoulders 10 being of gradually increasing length from the lowermost shoulder to the uppermost shoulder, and the aro-sliapesl po ions of the different shoulders being; of gradually decreasing length but of increasing radius from the lowermost shoulder upwardly.
In testimony whereof I sign the foregoing specification, in the presence of two witmesses.
EMIL SLAPAK. \Vifncsses:
V'io'ron C. LYNCH, N. L. McDoNnnLL.
US52073309A 1909-10-02 1909-10-02 Broach. Expired - Lifetime US995809A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103752942A (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-30 张家港天达特种刀具有限公司 Pull broach

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103752942A (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-30 张家港天达特种刀具有限公司 Pull broach
CN103752942B (en) * 2013-12-18 2016-04-13 张家港天达特种刀具有限公司 A kind of broaching tool

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