US992479A - Arc-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

A. BLONDEL.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.1'5, 1906.

Patented May 16, 1911.

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A. BLONDE-L.

' ARGLAMP.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15, 1906.

Patented May 16, 1911,

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Ti if A. BLONDEL.

ARC LAMP. A'BPLIGATION FILED 3111.15, 1906.

Patented May 16 1911.

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UNITED STATES PATENT onrion ANDRE BLONDEL, or PARIS, FRA CE, rissrenon, ErMEsNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A coEroEArIoN or N W YQEK.

' v sac-NAME Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 16, 1911.

To all'whomfit may concern:

' Be 'it known that ,I, ANDRE BLONDEL, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 41 Avenue de lav Bourdonna'is, Paris, France, have invented' a new and useful Improvement in :Arc-Lamps, 'which im-' provement is fully set forth in the following specification.

'. Carbons .or electrodes contalning mineral substances are consumed less quickly in an arc lamp when a closed globe is employed, and as great advantages from the point of view of length of working are obtained as with ordinary carbons, but perfectly satisfactory results have hitherto not been obtained by reason'of the lack of sufficiently goodmeans for aspirating. and condensing the fumes as they-are produced and also be.- cause the path of the fumes in the globe has not been so, limited as to prevent deposit upon the said globe.

-In'a lampin which carbons impregnated with-light giving salts are used, solid prodfor nets of combustion are evolved from the arc usually in the form of rather copious white fumes, and attempts to inclose such an arc have-usually resulted in the deposit 'of the fumes upon the globe, and this obstructed the light and seriously decreased the efficiency, of the lamp.

My invention consists .in providing in an 'inclosed lamp of this character-a conduit for the gases evolved from the arc in which the gases are received at a point just above the arc and which returns them to the arc space at a point below the arc; and during this portiorrof their travel the gases are confined to the conduit and kept out of contact with the globe. For the purpose Ofcreating and malntaining a circulation of the gases, I

may either rely upon the natural draft pro-.

duced in the circulatory system by the heat of the arc,-or I may provide an artificial means for producing such'a draft, the choice depending largely upon the character of the impregnated electrodes and-of the circulatory system itself. Under certain conditions, it is desirable to place a filtering means ,within the circulatory system and under these conditions, particularly, I find it desirable to provide the artificial means producing the draft. It is to be'understoo however, that the essence ofmy insystem for'the gases, in which the gases are received and led from a point just above the arc-to the space below the are by a .conduit or conduits distinct from. the globe'and in which deposit may take place.

In the drawings Figure 1 shows a partial vertical section, but rather diagrammatically, of a lamp embodying my invention; Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 arelike views of modifications of the structure shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 shows a like view of another modification in which the artificial meansfor producing a draft are dispensed with; Fig. 8 shows a diagram of my invention applied to an arc lamp'in which converging electrodes are employed; Figs. 9 and 10 are vertical sectional views showing somewhat more in detail the arc lamp structures of Figs. 1

and 7 respectively; Fig. 11 is a horizontal .reference numerals 6 and '7 respectively,

while the rods for guiding the bars of the upper and lower carbon carriers are represented by the numerals 8 and 9. A cover 10 closes the upper portion of-the combustion chamber, the said cover being carried by fixed rods and provided, if desired, with an economizer 11, through the center of which the upper electrode passes.

To the cover 10 is fixed by-means of suitable attachments 12 the globe 13 which forms an air tight joint with the cover 10.

Above and surrounding the arc is arranged a reflector 14: and an annular chamber 15 provided if necessary with suitable precipitating means such, for example, as the baffles and filters, indicated in Fig. 2, in order to cause the deposit of the densest fumes. From this chamber 15' starts a suitablenumber of tubes such as 16 (see Figs.

' vention.

containing if desired mineralsubstances 39 which absorb nitrous vapors; Suction is causedby a fan 40 driven by an electric motor 41 arranged above the box at their outlet from the fan, the purified gases are led by one or more tubes, such as 42, inside the globe beneath the are through a sleeve 24 surrounding the lower electrode, as in Fig. 1.

In order to simplify Figs'l, 2, 3 and 9, thereis only one suction pipe (16,34) and one return pipe (17, 42) is shown, but in general, for reasons of symmetry and in order to avoid displacing the arc to one side or the other by a current of air, it is more advantageous to employ two or more suction pipes arranged symmetrically with respect to the axisfof the carbons and two or more downward tubes also symmetrically ar;- ranged between the preceding. This does notin any way alterthe principle of the in- This arrangement is shown in Fig. 12. In the same manner, the fan and the suction chambers may be placed below the boxcontaining the mechanism; but in general this arrangement presents a few more diiiiculties than the preceding because 'of the'presence of the rods and chains of the carbon carriers; it is applicable preferably as shown 1n Figs. 4 and 5 1n the case where a central condensing tube 1s used,for

. p example when the upper carbon electrode is replaced by a fixed metal electrode. Fig. 4

shows an arrangement of this type: the metal or graphite electrode 43 which serves.

' p as a fixed positive or negative pole according to the arrangement employed, is supported at the center of a tube 44 situated above the arc and also central with respect to an airtight a-cket 45 the lower portion of the electrode may or may not be surrounded by an economizer or reflector 46; the fumes pass through suitable orifices 47 into the central tube 44 (which may be provided with metal baffles 48, filters'49 or purifying mineral substances 50) through which they rise by reason of the suction of the fan 40 which is driven by its electric motor 41; the fumes now again pass downward (if desired through other filters such as 51, through separate tubes or through an annular space comprised between 44 and 45) and enter inside the globe through an orifice 24 situated near. to the arc, In this arrangement the lower electrode 7 which is alone movable, is controlled by a rod 52 protected throughout by an airtight sheath 53 in such a manner that it cannot be exposed to the action of the fumes. p

The central tube arrangement also be combined with a fan placed beneath the globe, as shownlin Fig. 5, in which the fan 54 is arranged substantially as in Fig. 1. The fumes rise through the tube 44 (which serves at the sam time to condense and purify the gases) and again pass downward through the tube 55, traversing the electrically driven fan 54 andfinish by condensing in the deposit box 56 and are led to the orifice 24 through the pipe 57. In this figure, as in all the preceding, the downward tubes may themselves be filled with baflles, filters, metal gauze or purifying substances for the physical or chemical "cleaning of the gases. Lastly the space surrounding the gases circulating in the arc may be closed by a cup 58 of glass or other transparent substance, as

shown in Fig. 3, thus limiting the volume of oxygen which can attack the electrodes when the arc is first lighted.

Fig. 6 shows another arrangement for returning the dirty gases into the are. For this purpose the tubes which return these gases from the condensing chamber (for example the tube 57 in Fig. 5) are replaced by a flexible union 59 which terminates around the lower end of the carbon 7; this carbon is provided with a longitudinal hole, through which the gases escape directly into the arc. I

In all the preceding it has been supposed that a fan is employed, but in certain cases it may to a certaindegree be dispensed with by greatly increasing the cooling surface of the condensing chambers and by arranging in the interior a partition very opaque to heat. @Fig. 7 shows an arrangement of this type. The condensing chamber 29 is greatly increased in height, and the filtering arrangements are dispensed with, in order that there may be no obstacle to the circulation of the gases; for the purpose of clean-. ing the chamber 29, the baffles 31 may be re moved from beneath at the same time as the tubes 16 leading the gases downward although the chamber is fixed to the lamp and fills so to speak a portion of the space contained in the globe. I v

Fig. 12 is a modification of Fig. 11 showing two pairs of pipes for conducting the gases downwardly and upwardly respectively. As before, gases are led from around the are by one or more connecting tubes opening out to an annular orifice 24 or to a flexible union as shown in Fig. 6.

Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim is:

1. In an arc lamp of the character described, the combination with the electrodes between which the arc is formed, and the inclosing globe, of a conduit in which the gases circulate and deposit solid products of combustion, said conduit having an opening above the arc to receive the gases and an exit below the arc to return the gases where- 'by the gases circulate without coming into contact with the inclosing globe.

2. In an arc lamp, the combination with the electrodes between which the arc is formed, of a substantially air tight transw parent or translucent envelop for said are, of a conduitjfor the gases evolved at the are, leading from a point above the arc to a point below the arc, in which the gases are confined, whereby said gases circulate without coming into contact with the walls of said envelop.

3. In an arc lamp of the character described, the combination with the electrodes between which the arc is formed, and the inclosing globe; oi. purifying means, and means for conducting the gases from the are through the purifying means and back to the arc and preventing them from coming in contact with said inclos'ing globe.

4:. In an arc lamp of the character described, the combination with the electrodes between which the arc is formed, and the inclosing globe;v of purifying means, and a conduit includ'ingsald purifying means, said conduit separate and distinct from said inclosing globe and having its inlet and discharge ends in the immediate vicinity of'tlge' arc, whereby the gases from the are are con a eeame ducted through the purifying means and returned to the arc, and isolated from the inclosing globe.

5. In an arc lamp of the character described, the combination'with the electrodes between which the arc is formed and the inclosing globe; of purifying means, mechanical circulating means, and a conduit including said purifying means, said conduit being separate and distinct from said inclosing globe and having its inlet and discharge ends in the immediate vicinity of the arc whereby the gases from the are are conducted throu'ghthe purifying means and returned to the arc and isolated from the inclosing globe.

In testimony whereof I have signedthis specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANDRE BLONDEL.

of this patent maybe obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents Washington, D. G. I

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