US9912455B2 - Data transmission method and apparatus - Google Patents

Data transmission method and apparatus Download PDF

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US9912455B2
US9912455B2 US14/955,254 US201514955254A US9912455B2 US 9912455 B2 US9912455 B2 US 9912455B2 US 201514955254 A US201514955254 A US 201514955254A US 9912455 B2 US9912455 B2 US 9912455B2
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long training
receiving device
training sequence
target
data packet
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US20160094325A1 (en
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Yalin Liu
Jiayin Zhang
Yi Luo
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H04L27/26136—Pilot sequence conveying additional information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L23/00—Apparatus or local circuits for systems other than those covered by groups H04L15/00 - H04L21/00
    • H04L23/02—Apparatus or local circuits for systems other than those covered by groups H04L15/00 - H04L21/00 adapted for orthogonal signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H04L25/0226—Channel estimation using sounding signals sounding signals per se
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/005—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of common pilots, i.e. pilots destined for multiple users or terminals

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the communications field, and more specifically, to data transmission methods and apparatus.
  • a signal field (signal field) in a physical layer of a data packet provides a partial association identifier field (field) for carrying a partial association identifier (partial AID, partial Association Identifier) of a target receiving device of the data packet, so that a receiving device may determine, in the physical layer, the target receiving device of the data packet by using the partial association identifier. Therefore, for example, if the receiving device is not the target receiving device of the data packet, the receiving device does not need to continue to parse the data packet. Therefore, communications efficiency is improved, and device burden is reduced.
  • the partial association identifier can distinguish only more than 500 receiving devices, and cannot meet a development requirement as a quantity of users increases quickly.
  • a partial association ID field may be set to all zeros, and cannot function normally.
  • a receiving device cannot identify, in the physical layer, a target receiving device of the data packet, and can only parse a Media Access Control (MAC, Media Access Control) layer of the data packet to acquire a MAC address carried in a MAC frame header, and identify the target receiving device according to the MAC address. That is, after the receiving device receives the data packet, even if the receiving device is not the target receiving device of the data packet, the receiving device should parse the MAC layer of the data packet, because the target receiving device of the data packet can be identified only after the MAC layer is parsed. Therefore, for a device that is not the target receiving device of the data packet, device burden is increased, hardware resources are wasted, and user experience is affected.
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the present disclosure provides data transmission methods and apparatus, which can reduce burden of a receiving device, reduce waste of hardware resources, and improve user experience.
  • a first aspect provides a data transmission method, where the method includes: determining, by a transmitting device, a long training sequence set, where the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences; determining at least one receiving device set, where the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in a communications system; determining a first mapping relationship, where the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set and the at least one receiving device set, and the at least one set-use long training sequence corresponds to the at least one receiving device set on a one-to-one basis; when first data needs to be transmitted to a target receiving device set, determining a target set-use long training sequence according to the target receiving device set and the first mapping relationship; performing encapsulation processing on the first data according to the target set-use long training sequence to generate a first data packet, so that a long training sequence field in a physical layer of the first data packet carries a first long training sequence symbol used to indicate the target set-use long training sequence; and
  • the determining at least one receiving device set includes: determining the at least one receiving device set according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the determining at least one receiving device set includes: determining the at least one receiving device set according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information: a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device, a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device.
  • the determining at least one receiving device set includes: determining the at least one receiving device set according to data that needs to be transmitted, so that data that needs to be transmitted to each receiving device in a same receiving device set is the same; and the method further includes: transmitting first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set.
  • the method further includes: transmitting second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the first mapping relationship.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • the sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences: a polyphase perfect sequence, a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence, for example, an m sequence.
  • the polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, and a combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence.
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information: a Media Access Control MAC address, an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • a second aspect provides a data transmission method, where the method includes: determining, by a first receiving device in at least one receiving device in a communications system, a first mapping relationship, where the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between at least one set-use long training sequence in a long training sequence set and at least one receiving device set, the at least one receiving device set corresponds to the at least one set-use long training sequence on a one-to-one basis, the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in the communications system, and the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences; determining, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs; when receiving a first data packet transmitted by a transmitting device, acquiring a first long training sequence symbol carried in a long training sequence field in a physical layer of the first data packet, where the first long training sequence symbol is used to indicate a target set-use long training sequence, the target set-use long training sequence is determined by the transmitting device according to a target receiving device set of the first data
  • the processing the first data packet according to the target set-use long training sequence, the first receiving device set, and the first mapping relationship includes: determining, according to the first receiving device set and the first mapping relationship, a first set-use long training sequence corresponding to the first receiving device set; and if the first set-use long training sequence is the same as the target set-use long training sequence, acquiring the first data from the first data packet; or if the first set-use long training sequence is different from the target set-use long training sequence, discarding the first data packet.
  • the processing the first data packet according to the target set-use long training sequence, the first receiving device set, and the first mapping relationship includes: determining, according to the first mapping relationship and the target set-use long training sequence, the target receiving device set corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence; and if the first receiving device set is the same as the target receiving device set, acquiring the first data from the first data packet; or if the first receiving device set is different from the target receiving device set, discarding the first data packet.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device; and the determining, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs includes: determining, according to grouping information of the first receiving device, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information: a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device, a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device; and the determining, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs includes: determining, according to feature information of the first receiving device, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to data that needs to be transmitted, where same data needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device to each receiving device in a same receiving device set; and the determining, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs includes: receiving first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set; and determining, according to the first indication information, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the determining, by a first receiving device in at least one receiving device in a communications system, a first mapping relationship includes: receiving second indication information transmitted by the transmitting device, where the second indication information is used to indicate the first mapping relationship; and determining the first mapping relationship according to the second indication information.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • the sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences: a polyphase perfect sequence, a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence, for example, an m sequence.
  • the polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, and a combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence.
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information: a Media Access Control MAC address, an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • a third aspect provides a data transmission apparatus, where the apparatus includes: a determining unit, configured to determine a long training sequence set, where the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences; determine at least one receiving device set, where the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in a communications system; and determine a first mapping relationship, where the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between the at least one receiving device set and at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set, and the at least one receiving device set corresponds to the at least one set-use long training sequence on a one-to-one basis; a processing unit, configured to determine, according to the target receiving device set and the first mapping relationship, when first data needs to be transmitted to a target receiving device set, a target set-use long training sequence corresponding to the target receiving device set, and perform encapsulation processing on the first data to generate a first data packet, where a long training sequence field in a physical layer of the first data packet carries a first long training sequence symbol, where the first long training sequence symbol is
  • the determining unit is specifically configured to determine the at least one receiving device set according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the determining unit is specifically configured to determine the at least one receiving device set according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information: a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device, a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device.
  • the determining unit is specifically configured to determine the at least one receiving device set according to data that needs to be transmitted, so that data that needs to be transmitted to each receiving device in a same receiving device set is the same;
  • the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set.
  • the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the first mapping relationship.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • the sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences: a polyphase perfect sequence, a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence, for example, an m sequence.
  • the polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, and a combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence.
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information: a Media Access Control MAC address, an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • a fourth aspect provides a data transmission apparatus, where the apparatus includes: a determining unit, configured to determine a first mapping relationship, where the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between the at least one receiving device set and at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set, the at least one receiving device set corresponds to the at least one set-use long training sequence on a one-to-one basis, the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in a communications system, and the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences; and determine, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the apparatus belongs; a receiving unit, configured to receive a first data packet transmitted by a transmitting device; and a processing unit, configured to acquire a first long training sequence symbol carried in a long training sequence field in a physical layer of the first data packet, where the first long training sequence symbol is used to indicate a target set-use long training sequence, the target set-use long training sequence is determined by the transmitting device according to a target receiving device set of the first data
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to determine, according to the first receiving device set and the first mapping relationship, a first set-use long training sequence corresponding to the first receiving device set; and if the first set-use long training sequence is the same as the target set-use long training sequence, acquire the first data from the first data packet; or if the first set-use long training sequence is different from the target set-use long training sequence, discard the first data packet.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to determine, according to the first mapping relationship and the target set-use long training sequence, the target receiving device set corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence; and if the first receiving device set is the same as the target receiving device set, acquire the first data from the first data packet; or if the first receiving device set is different from the target receiving device set, discard the first data packet.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device; and the determining unit is specifically configured to determine, according to grouping information of the first receiving device, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information: a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device, a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device; and the determining unit is specifically configured to determine, according to feature information of the first receiving device, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to data that needs to be transmitted, where same data needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device to each receiving device in a same receiving device set; the receiving unit is further configured to receive first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set; and the determining unit is specifically configured to determine, according to the first indication information, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive second indication information transmitted by the transmitting device, where the second indication information is used to indicate the first mapping relationship; and the determining unit is specifically configured to determine the first mapping relationship according to the second indication information.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • the sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences: a polyphase perfect sequence, a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence, for example, an m sequence.
  • the polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, and a combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence.
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information: a Media Access Control MAC address, an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • a transmitting device determines a mapping relationship between at least one receiving device set and at least one set-use long training sequence in a long training sequence set, and determines, according to a target receiving device set and the mapping relationship, a target set-use long training sequence corresponding to the target receiving device set, so that the target set-use long training sequence is carried in a physical layer of a first data packet.
  • burden of a receiving device can be reduced, waste of hardware resources can be reduced, and user experience can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a MAC address
  • FIG. 3 is a line chart of an autocorrelation function and a cross-correlation function of a Zadoff-Chu sequence
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the technical solutions of the present disclosure may be applied in a wireless local area network (WLAN, Wireless Local Area Network), for example, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi, Wireless Fidelity), or may be applied in various other communications systems in which a transmitting device transmits information in a broadcast manner (over an air interface, or the like), that is, systems in which multiple devices can receive the information, for example, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM, Global System for Mobile Communications), a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access) system, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) system, a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS, General Packet Radio Service) system, and a Long Term Evolution (LTE, Long Term Evolution) system.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • a receiving device and a transmitting device may be an access point (AP, Access Point) or a user station (STA, Station) in a WLAN, or may be a mobile terminal (Mobile Terminal), a mobile user equipment, or the like, which may communicate with one or more core networks through a radio access network (RAN, Radio Access Network).
  • the receiving device and the transmitting device may be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone (also referred to as a “cellular” phone), or may be a computer with a mobile terminal, for example, a portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer built-in, or vehicle-mounted mobile apparatus, which exchanges voice and/or data with the radio access network.
  • the receiving device and the transmitting device may also be a base station (BTS, Base Transceiver Station) in the GSM or CDMA, or may be a base station (NodeB) in the WCDMA, or may be an evolved NodeB (eNB or e-NodeB, evolved Node B) in the LTE, or may be a small-cell base station, which may be a micro (Micro) base station, or may be a pico (Pico) base station, or may be a home base station also referred to as a femtocell (femto) base station; the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • NodeB base station
  • eNB or e-NodeB evolved Node B
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • small-cell base station which may be a micro (Micro) base station, or may be a pico (Pico) base station, or may be a home base station also referred to as a fem
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure described from a perspective of a transmitting device. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method 100 includes:
  • a transmitting device determines a long training sequence set, where the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences.
  • S 120 Determine at least one receiving device set, where the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in a communications system.
  • S 130 Determine a first mapping relationship, where the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set and the at least one receiving device set, and the at least one set-use long training sequence corresponds to the at least one receiving device set on a one-to-one basis.
  • LTS Long Training Sequence
  • each user equipment including a receiving device and a transmitting device uses a same long training sequence.
  • the communications system may use multiple (at least two) LTSs that are different from each other.
  • different LTSs may be allocated to different user equipments.
  • the transmitting device may determine a target LTS corresponding to the target receiving device (in other words, the target LTS is allocated by the system to the target receiving device), and add the target LTS to a long training field (LTF, Long Training Field, also referred to as a long training sequence field) in a physical layer of a data packet.
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • the receiving device may acquire the target LTS from the LTF of the data packet, and may perform processing (for example, receiving or discarding) on the data packet according to a relationship (for example, same or different) between the LTS allocated by the system to the receiving device and the target LTS, or may determine, according to the target LTS, the target receiving device (specifically, first sub-identity information of the target receiving device, where the parameter is described later in detail) corresponding to the target LTS, and perform processing (for example, receiving or discarding) on the data packet according to a relationship (for example, same or different) between first sub-identity information of the receiving device and first sub-identity information of the target receiving device.
  • a relationship for example, same or different
  • the receiving device acquires, by parsing the LTF in the physical layer of the data packet, the target LTS carried in the LTF, and can determine, by using the target LTS, whether the receiving device is the target receiving device of the data packet. Therefore, the receiving device does not need to continue to demodulate a data packet unrelated to the receiving device, which can reduce burden of the receiving device, reduce waste of hardware resources, and improve user experience.
  • a device A (an example of the transmitting device, for example, may be an AP or a STA) in the communications system may predetermine a long training sequence set including multiple long training sequences (LTSs, Long Training Sequences).
  • LTSs Long Training Sequences
  • the long training sequence set may be generated by each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system according to a preset rule, or may be generated by an external device independent of the receiving device and the transmitting device according to the preset rule and delivered to each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system.
  • the device A as an execution entity to describe a method and a process for generating the long training sequence set.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences:
  • a polyphase perfect sequence a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence.
  • polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, a Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the like.
  • the sequence with good correlation properties may be used as the LTS. Therefore, the receiving device may use the good autocorrelation properties and cross-correlation properties of the LTS to accurately determine whether the LTS allocated by the system to the receiving device is the same as the LTS carried in the data packet, and therefore, can determine whether the receiving device is the target receiving device of the data packet (this process is described later in detail).
  • properties (for example, formula generation) of the polyphase perfect sequence can be used to generate multiple LTSs quickly and conveniently and determine a mapping relationship between the multiple LTSs and receiving devices (specifically, first sub-identity information of each receiving device) (this process is described later in detail).
  • the sequences with good correlation properties may include a polyphase perfect sequence, a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence with good correlation properties.
  • properties, concepts, and the like of the polyphase perfect sequence, the Gold sequence, and the pseudo-random sequence may be similar to those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated sequences used as the sequences with good correlation properties are only examples for description, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Other sequences with good correlation properties all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • the polyphase perfect sequence may include a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, a Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the like.
  • properties, concepts, and the like of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the Frank sequence, or the Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence may be similar to those in the prior art (for example, a sequence length of the Frank sequence can only be the square of a natural number), and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • a sequence length of the Frank sequence can only be the square of a natural number
  • description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated sequences used as the polyphase perfect sequence are only examples for description, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • sequences that can be used as the polyphase perfect sequence namely, sequences that have ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties, all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • sequences that have ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • the following uses the Zadoff-Chu sequence as a long training sequence to describe a process for generating the long training sequence set in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a long training sequence set with multiple LTSs may be generated according to the properties of the polyphase perfect sequence (herein, specifically, properties of the Zadoff-Chu sequence) by using a conventional Zadoff-Chu sequence generation formula.
  • a length of the Zadoff-Chu sequence may be set according to a preset rule, and a basic long training sequence set C may be determined according to the determined sequence length and the following formula 1:
  • N indicates a sequence length
  • an r set is a set of natural numbers that are less than N and are coprime to N. Because two adjacent natural numbers are coprime, the last element in the set is N ⁇ 1.
  • â (r) indicates a basic long training sequence in the basic long training sequence set C
  • â n (r) indicates an n th element in the basic long training sequence â (r) , where r is less than N and r and N are coprime
  • a quantity M of basic long training sequences in a Zadoff-Chu sequence set (in other words, a quantity of elements in the r set) is decided by the sequence length N, that is, M is “a quantity of natural numbers that are less than the sequence length and are coprime to the sequence length”
  • M is “a quantity of natural numbers that are less than the sequence length and are coprime to the sequence length”
  • a quantity of sequences included in the sequence set can be as great as possible if a value of the sequence length is less than or equal to a quantity of subcarriers, and therefore a quantity of represented receiving devices can be increased.
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • each element in the long training sequence can correspond to each subcarrier on a one-to-one basis, and therefore, accuracy of channel estimation is improved.
  • the device A may determine a system bandwidth. For example, the device A may acquire a bandwidth parameter (CH_BANDWIDTH) from a transceiver (TRX, Transceiver), determine the system bandwidth according to the bandwidth parameter, and further determine the quantity of available subcarriers in the system. For example, in a Wi-Fi system of the IEEE 802.11g standard, when the system bandwidth is 20 megahertz (MHz), the quantity of available subcarriers in the system is 53.
  • CH_BANDWIDTH bandwidth parameter
  • TRX Transceiver
  • a quantity of sequences included in the sequence set can be as great as possible if the sequence length is less than or equal to a quantity of subcarriers, and therefore a quantity of represented receiving devices can be increased.
  • the sequence length is set to 53.
  • a(1) ⁇ 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(2) ⁇ 0, 4, 12, 24, 40, 60, 84, 6, 38, 74, 8, 52, 100, 46, 102, 56, 14, 82, 48, 18, 98, 76, 58, 44, 34, 28, 26, 28, 34, 44, 58, 76, 98, 18, 48, 82, 14, 56, 102, 46, 100, 52, 8, 74, 38, 6, 84, 60, 40, 24, 12, 4, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(3) ⁇ 0, 6, 18, 36, 60, 90, 20, 62, 4, 58, 12, 78, 44, 16, 100, 84, 74, 70, 72, 80, 94, 8, 34, 66, 104, 42, 92, 42, 104, 66, 34, 8, 94, 80, 72, 70, 74, 84, 100, 16, 44, 78, 12, 58, 4, 62, 20, 90, 60, 36, 18, 6, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(4) ⁇ 0, 8, 24, 48, 80, 14, 62, 12, 76, 42, 16, 104, 94, 92, 98, 6, 28, 58, 96, 36, 90, 46, 10, 88, 68, 56, 52, 56, 68, 88, 10, 46, 90, 36, 96, 58, 28, 6, 98, 92, 94, 104, 16, 42, 76, 12, 62, 14, 80, 48, 24, 8, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(5) ⁇ 0, 10, 30, 60, 100, 44, 104, 68, 42, 26, 20, 24, 38, 62, 96, 34, 88, 46, 14, 98, 86, 84, 92, 4, 32, 70, 12, 70, 32, 4, 92, 84, 86, 98, 14, 46, 88, 34, 96, 62, 38, 24, 20, 26, 42, 68, 104, 44, 100, 60, 30, 10, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(6) ⁇ 0, 12, 36, 72, 14, 74, 40, 18, 8, 10, 24, 50, 88, 32, 94, 62, 42, 34, 38, 54, 82, 16, 68, 26, 102, 84, 78, 84, 102, 26, 68, 16, 82, 54, 38, 34, 42, 62, 94, 32, 88, 50, 24, 10, 8, 18, 40, 74, 14, 72, 36, 12, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(7) ⁇ 0, 14, 42, 84, 34, 104, 82, 74, 80, 100, 28, 76, 32, 2, 92, 90, 102, 22, 62, 10, 78, 54, 44, 48, 66, 98, 38, 98, 66, 48, 44, 54, 78, 10, 62, 22, 102, 90, 92, 2, 32, 76, 28, 100, 80, 74, 82, 104, 34, 84, 42, 14, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(8) ⁇ 0, 16, 48, 96, 54, 28, 18, 24, 46, 84, 32, 102, 82, 78, 90, 12, 56, 10, 86, 72, 74, 92, 20, 70, 30, 6, 104, 6, 30, 70, 20, 92, 74, 72, 86, 10, 56, 12, 90, 78, 82, 102, 32, 84, 46, 24, 18, 28, 54, 96, 48, 16, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(9) ⁇ 0, 18, 54, 2, 74, 58, 60, 80, 12, 68, 36, 22, 26, 48, 88, 40, 10, 104, 4, 28, 70, 24, 102, 92, 100, 20, 64, 20, 100, 92, 102, 24, 70, 28, 4, 104, 10, 40, 88, 48, 26, 22, 36, 68, 12, 80, 60, 58, 74, 2, 54, 18, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(10) ⁇ 0, 20, 60, 14, 94, 88, 102, 30, 84, 52, 40, 48, 76, 18, 86, 68, 70, 92, 28, 90, 66, 62, 78, 8, 64, 34, 24, 34, 64, 8, 78, 62, 66, 90, 28, 92, 70, 68, 86, 18, 76, 48, 40, 52, 84, 30, 102, 88, 94, 14, 60, 20, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(11) ⁇ 0, 22, 66, 26, 8, 12, 38, 86, 50, 36, 44, 74, 20, 94, 84, 96, 24, 80, 52, 46, 62, 100, 54, 30, 28, 48, 90, 48, 28, 30, 54, 100, 62, 46, 52, 80, 24, 96, 84, 94, 20, 74, 44, 36, 50, 86, 38, 12, 8, 26, 66, 22, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(12) ⁇ 0, 24, 72, 38, 28, 42, 80, 36, 16, 20, 48, 100, 70, 64, 82, 18, 84, 68, 76, 2, 58, 32, 30, 52, 98, 62, 50, 62, 98, 52, 30, 32, 58, 2, 76, 68, 84, 18, 82, 64, 70, 100, 48, 20, 16, 36, 80, 42, 28, 38, 72, 24, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(13) ⁇ 0, 26, 78, 50, 48, 72, 16, 92, 88, 4, 52, 20, 14, 34, 80, 46, 38, 56, 100, 64, 54, 70, 6, 74, 62, 76, 10, 76, 62, 74, 6, 70, 54, 64, 100, 56, 38, 46, 80, 34, 14, 20, 52, 4, 88, 92, 16, 72, 48, 50, 78, 26, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(14) ⁇ 0, 28, 84, 62, 68, 102, 58, 42, 54, 94, 56, 46, 64, 4, 78, 74, 98, 44, 18, 20, 50, 2, 88, 96, 26, 90, 76, 90, 26, 96, 88, 2, 50, 20, 18, 44, 98, 74, 78, 4, 64, 46, 56, 94, 54, 42, 58, 102, 68, 62, 84, 28, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(15) ⁇ 0, 30, 90, 74, 88, 26, 100, 98, 20, 78, 60, 72, 8, 80, 76, 102, 52, 32, 42, 82, 46, 40, 64, 12, 96, 104, 36, 104, 96, 12, 64, 40, 46, 82, 42, 32, 52, 102, 76, 80, 8, 72, 60, 78, 20, 98, 100, 26, 88, 74, 90, 30, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(16) ⁇ 0, 32, 96, 86, 2, 56, 36, 48, 92, 62, 64, 98, 58, 50, 74, 24, 6, 20, 66, 38, 42, 78, 40, 34, 60, 12, 102, 12, 60, 34, 40, 78, 42, 38, 66, 20, 6, 24, 74, 50, 58, 98, 64, 62, 92, 48, 36, 56, 2, 86, 96, 32, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(17) ⁇ 0, 34, 102, 98, 22, 86, 78, 104, 58, 46, 68, 18, 2, 20, 72, 52, 66, 8, 90, 100, 38, 10, 16, 56, 24, 26, 62, 26, 24, 56, 16, 10, 38, 100, 90, 8, 66, 52, 72, 20, 2, 18, 68, 46, 58, 104, 78, 86, 22, 98, 102, 34, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(18) ⁇ 0, 36, 2, 4, 42, 10, 14, 54, 24, 30, 72, 44, 52, 96, 70, 80, 20, 102, 8, 56, 34, 48, 98, 78, 94, 40, 22, 40, 94, 78, 98, 48, 34, 56, 8, 102, 20, 80, 70, 96, 52, 44, 72, 30, 24, 54, 14, 10, 42, 4, 2, 36, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(19) ⁇ 0, 38, 8, 16, 62, 40, 56, 4, 96, 14, 76, 70, 102, 66, 68, 2, 80, 90, 32, 12, 30, 86, 74, 100, 58, 54, 88, 54, 58, 100, 74, 86, 30, 12, 32, 90, 80, 2, 68, 66, 102, 70, 76, 14, 96, 4, 56, 40, 62, 16, 8, 38, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(20) ⁇ 0, 40, 14, 28, 82, 70, 98, 60, 62, 104, 80, 96, 46, 36, 66, 30, 34, 78, 56, 74, 26, 18, 50, 16, 22, 68, 48, 68, 22, 16, 50, 18, 26, 74, 56, 78, 34, 30, 66, 36, 46, 96, 80, 104, 62, 60, 98, 70, 82, 28, 14, 40, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(21) ⁇ 0, 42, 20, 40, 102, 100, 34, 10, 28, 88, 84, 16, 96, 6, 64, 58, 94, 66, 80, 30, 22, 56, 26, 38, 92, 82, 8, 82, 92, 38, 26, 56, 22, 30, 80, 66, 94, 58, 64, 6, 96, 16, 84, 88, 28, 10, 34, 100, 102, 40, 20, 42, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(22) ⁇ 0, 44, 26, 52, 16, 24, 76, 66, 100, 72, 88, 42, 40, 82, 62, 86, 48, 54, 104, 92, 18, 94, 2, 60, 56, 96, 74, 96, 56, 60, 2, 94, 18, 92, 104, 54, 48, 86, 62, 82, 40, 42, 88, 72, 100, 66, 76, 24, 16, 52, 26, 44, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(23) ⁇ 0, 46, 32, 64, 36, 54, 12, 16, 66, 56, 92, 68, 90, 52, 60, 8, 2, 42, 22, 48, 14, 26, 84, 82, 20, 4, 34, 4, 20, 82, 84, 26, 14, 48, 22, 42, 2, 8, 60, 52, 90, 68, 92, 56, 66, 16, 12, 54, 36, 64, 32, 46, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(24) ⁇ 0, 48, 38, 76, 56, 84, 54, 72, 32, 40, 96, 94, 34, 22, 58, 36, 62, 30, 46, 4, 10, 64, 60, 104, 90, 18, 100, 18, 90, 104, 60, 64, 10, 4, 46, 30, 62, 36, 58, 22, 34, 94, 96, 40, 32, 72, 54, 84, 56, 76, 38, 48, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(25) ⁇ 0, 50, 44, 88, 76, 8, 96, 22, 104, 24, 100, 14, 84, 98, 56, 64, 16, 18, 70, 66, 6, 102, 36, 20, 54, 32, 60, 32, 54, 20, 36, 102, 6, 66, 70, 18, 16, 64, 56, 98, 84, 14, 100, 24, 104, 22, 96, 8, 76, 88, 44, 50, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(26) ⁇ 0, 52, 50, 100, 96, 38, 32, 78, 70, 8, 104, 40, 28, 68, 54, 92, 76, 6, 94, 22, 2, 34, 12, 42, 18, 46, 20, 46, 18, 42, 12, 34, 2, 22, 94, 6, 76, 92, 54, 68, 28, 40, 104, 8, 70, 78, 32, 38, 96, 100, 50, 52, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(27) ⁇ 0, 54, 56, 6, 10, 68, 74, 28, 36, 98, 2, 66, 78, 38, 52, 14, 30, 100, 12, 84, 104, 72, 94, 64, 88, 60, 86, 60, 88, 64, 94, 72, 104, 84, 12, 100, 30, 14, 52, 38, 78, 66, 2, 98, 36, 28, 74, 68, 10, 6, 56, 54, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(28) ⁇ 0, 56, 62, 18, 30, 98, 10, 84, 2, 82, 6, 92, 22, 8, 50, 42, 90, 88, 36, 40, 100, 4, 70, 86, 52, 74, 46, 74, 52, 86, 70, 4, 100, 40, 36, 88, 90, 42, 50, 8, 22, 92, 6, 82, 2, 84, 10, 98, 30, 18, 62, 56, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(29) ⁇ 0, 58, 68, 30, 50, 22, 52, 34, 74, 66, 10, 12, 72, 84, 48, 70, 44, 76, 60, 102, 96, 42, 46, 2, 16, 88, 6, 88, 16, 2, 46, 42, 96, 102, 60, 76, 44, 70, 48, 84, 72, 12, 10, 66, 74, 34, 52, 22, 50, 30, 68, 58, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(30) ⁇ 0, 60, 74, 42, 70, 52, 94, 90, 40, 50, 14, 38, 16, 54, 46, 98, 104, 64, 84, 58, 92, 80, 22, 24, 86, 102, 72, 102, 86, 24, 22, 80, 92, 58, 84, 64, 104, 98, 46, 54, 16, 38, 14, 50, 40, 90, 94, 52, 70, 42, 74, 60, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(31) ⁇ 0, 62, 80, 54, 90, 82, 30, 40, 6, 34, 18, 64, 66, 24, 44, 20, 58, 52, 2, 14, 88, 12, 104, 46, 50, 10, 32, 10, 50, 46, 104, 12, 88, 14, 2, 52, 58, 20, 44, 24, 66, 64, 18, 34, 6, 40, 30, 82, 90, 54, 80, 62, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(32) ⁇ 0, 64, 86, 66, 4, 6, 72, 96, 78, 18, 22, 90, 10, 100, 42, 48, 12, 40, 26, 76, 84, 50, 80, 68, 14, 24, 98, 24, 14, 68, 80, 50, 84, 76, 26, 40, 12, 48, 42, 100, 10, 90, 22, 18, 78, 96, 72, 6, 4, 66, 86, 64, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(33) ⁇ 0, 66, 92, 78, 24, 36, 8, 46, 44, 2, 26, 10, 60, 70, 40, 76, 72, 28, 50, 32, 80, 88, 56, 90, 84, 38, 58, 38, 84, 90, 56, 88, 80, 32, 50, 28, 72, 76, 40, 70, 60, 10, 26, 2, 44, 46, 8, 36, 24, 78, 92, 66, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(34) ⁇ 0, 68, 98, 90, 44, 66, 50, 102, 10, 92, 30, 36, 4, 40, 38, 104, 26, 16, 74, 94, 76, 20, 32, 6, 48, 52, 18, 52, 48, 6, 32, 20, 76, 94, 74, 16, 26, 104, 38, 40, 4, 36, 30, 92, 10, 102, 50, 66, 44, 90, 98, 68, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(35) ⁇ 0, 70, 104, 102, 64, 96, 92, 52, 82, 76, 34, 62, 54, 10, 36, 26, 86, 4, 98, 50, 72, 58, 8, 28, 12, 66, 84, 66, 12, 28, 8, 58, 72, 50, 98, 4, 86, 26, 36, 10, 54, 62, 34, 76, 82, 52, 92, 96, 64, 102, 104, 70, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(36) ⁇ 0, 72, 4, 8, 84, 20, 28, 2, 48, 60, 38, 88, 104, 86, 34, 54, 40, 98, 16, 6, 68, 96, 90, 50, 82, 80, 44, 80, 82, 50, 90, 96, 68, 6, 16, 98, 40, 54, 34, 86, 104, 88, 38, 60, 48, 2, 28, 20, 84, 8, 4, 72, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(37) ⁇ 0, 74, 10, 20, 104, 50, 70, 58, 14, 44, 42, 8, 48, 56, 32, 82, 100, 86, 40, 68, 64, 28, 66, 72, 46, 94, 4, 94, 46, 72, 66, 28, 64, 68, 40, 86, 100, 82, 32, 56, 48, 8, 42, 44, 14, 58, 70, 50, 104, 20, 10, 74, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(38) ⁇ 0, 76, 16, 32, 18, 80, 6, 8, 86, 28, 46, 34, 98, 26, 30, 4, 54, 74, 64, 24, 60, 66, 42, 94, 10, 2, 70, 2, 10, 94, 42, 66, 60, 24, 64, 74, 54, 4, 30, 26, 98, 34, 46, 28, 86, 8, 6, 80, 18, 32, 16, 76, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(39) ⁇ 0, 78, 22, 44, 38, 4, 48, 64, 52, 12, 50, 60, 42, 102, 28, 32, 8, 62, 88, 86, 56, 104, 18, 10, 80, 16, 30, 16, 80, 10, 18, 104, 56, 86, 88, 62, 8, 32, 28, 102, 42, 60, 50, 12, 52, 64, 48, 4, 38, 44, 22, 78, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(40) ⁇ 0, 80, 28, 56, 58, 34, 90, 14, 18, 102, 54, 86, 92, 72, 26, 60, 68, 50, 6, 42, 52, 36, 100, 32, 44, 30, 96, 30, 44, 32, 100, 36, 52, 42, 6, 50, 68, 60, 26, 72, 92, 86, 54, 102, 18, 14, 90, 34, 58, 56, 28, 80, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(41) ⁇ 0, 82, 34, 68, 78, 64, 26, 70, 90, 86, 58, 6, 36, 42, 24, 88, 22, 38, 30, 104, 48, 74, 76, 54, 8, 44, 56, 44, 8, 54, 76, 74, 48, 104, 30, 38, 22, 88, 24, 42, 36, 6, 58, 86, 90, 70, 26, 64, 78, 68, 34, 82, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(42) ⁇ 0, 84, 40, 80, 98, 94, 68, 20, 56, 70, 62, 32, 86, 12, 22, 10, 82, 26, 54, 60, 44, 6, 52, 76, 78, 58, 16, 58, 78, 76, 52, 6, 44, 60, 54, 26, 82, 10, 22, 12, 86, 32, 62, 70, 56, 20, 68, 94, 98, 80, 40, 84, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(43) ⁇ 0, 86, 46, 92, 12, 18, 4, 76, 22, 54, 66, 58, 30, 88, 20, 38, 36, 14, 78, 16, 40, 44, 28, 98, 42, 72, 82, 72, 42, 98, 28, 44, 40, 16, 78, 14, 36, 38, 20, 88, 30, 58, 66, 54, 22, 76, 4, 18, 12, 92, 46, 86, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(44) ⁇ 0, 88, 52, 104, 32, 48, 46, 26, 94, 38, 70, 84, 80, 58, 18, 66, 96, 2, 102, 78, 36, 82, 4, 14, 6, 86, 42, 86, 6, 14, 4, 82, 36, 78, 102, 2, 96, 66, 18, 58, 80, 84, 70, 38, 94, 26, 46, 48, 32, 104, 52, 88, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(45) ⁇ 0, 90, 58, 10, 52, 78, 88, 82, 60, 22, 74, 4, 24, 28, 16, 94, 50, 96, 20, 34, 32, 14, 86, 36, 76, 100, 2, 100, 76, 36, 86, 14, 32, 34, 20, 96, 50, 94, 16, 28, 24, 4, 74, 22, 60, 82, 88, 78, 52, 10, 58, 90, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(46) ⁇ 0, 92, 64, 22, 72, 2, 24, 32, 26, 6, 78, 30, 74, 104, 14, 16, 4, 84, 44, 96, 28, 52, 62, 58, 40, 8, 68, 8, 40, 58, 62, 52, 28, 96, 44, 84, 4, 16, 14, 104, 74, 30, 78, 6, 26, 32, 24, 2, 72, 22, 64, 92, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(47) ⁇ 0, 94, 70, 34, 92, 32, 66, 88, 98, 96, 82, 56, 18, 74, 12, 44, 64, 72, 68, 52, 24, 90, 38, 80, 4, 22, 28, 22, 4, 80, 38, 90, 24, 52, 68, 72, 64, 44, 12, 74, 18, 56, 82, 96, 98, 88, 66, 32, 92, 34, 70, 94, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(48) ⁇ 0, 96, 76, 46, 6, 62, 2, 38, 64, 80, 86, 82, 68, 44, 10, 72, 18, 60, 92, 8, 20, 22, 14, 102, 74, 36, 94, 36, 74, 102, 14, 22, 20, 8, 92, 60, 18, 72, 10, 44, 68, 82, 86, 80, 64, 38, 2, 62, 6, 46, 76, 96, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(49) ⁇ 0, 98, 82, 58, 26, 92, 44, 94, 30, 64, 90, 2, 12, 14, 8, 100, 78, 48, 10, 70, 16, 60, 96, 18, 38, 50, 54, 50, 38, 18, 96, 60, 16, 70, 10, 48, 78, 100, 8, 14, 12, 2, 90, 64, 30, 94, 44, 92, 26, 58, 82, 98, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(50) ⁇ 0, 100, 88, 70, 46, 16, 86, 44, 102, 48, 94, 28, 62, 90, 6, 22, 32, 36, 34, 26, 12, 98, 72, 40, 2, 64, 14, 64, 2, 40, 72, 98, 12, 26, 34, 36, 32, 22, 6, 90, 62, 28, 94, 48, 102, 44, 86, 16, 46, 70, 88, 100, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(51) ⁇ 0, 102, 94, 82, 66, 46, 22, 100, 68, 32, 98, 54, 6, 60, 4, 50, 92, 24, 58, 88, 8, 30, 48, 62, 72, 78, 80, 78, 72, 62, 48, 30, 8, 88, 58, 24, 92, 50, 4, 60, 6, 54, 98, 32, 68, 100, 22, 46, 66, 82, 94, 102, 0 ⁇ , and
  • a(52) ⁇ 0, 104, 100, 94, 86, 76, 64, 50, 34, 16, 102, 80, 56, 30, 2, 78, 46, 12, 82, 44, 4, 68, 24, 84, 36, 92, 40, 92, 36, 84, 24, 68, 4, 44, 82, 12, 46, 78, 2, 30, 56, 80, 102, 16, 34, 50, 64, 76, 86, 94, 100, 104, 0 ⁇ .
  • a number in the foregoing sequence set is equal to a number obtained after a modulo-2N operation is performed on rn(n+1) in the generation formula 1, and represents a complex-number point on a unit circle.
  • each numeric value in the set may also be illustrated in a complete complex-number expression manner according to an actual requirement, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a cyclic shift may be performed on the sequences in the basic sequence set to generate a complete long training sequence set C′. For example, as described above, if the sequence length is 53, a cyclic shift of 1 to 52 positions may be performed on, for example, a(1), to generate sequences a(1, 0), . . . , a(1, t), . . . , a(1, 52), where t indicates a quantity of positions cyclically shifted.
  • a(1, 0) ⁇ 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 1) ⁇ 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 2) ⁇ 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 3) ⁇ 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 4) ⁇ 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 5) ⁇ 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 6) ⁇ 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 7) ⁇ 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 8) ⁇ 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 9) ⁇ 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 10) ⁇ 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 11) ⁇ 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 12) ⁇ 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 13) ⁇ 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 14) ⁇ 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 15) ⁇ 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 16) ⁇ 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 17) ⁇ 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 18) ⁇ 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 19) ⁇ 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 20) ⁇ 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 21) ⁇ 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 22) ⁇ 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 23) ⁇ 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 24) ⁇ 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 25) ⁇ 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 26) ⁇ 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 27) ⁇ 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 28) ⁇ 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 29) ⁇ 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 30) ⁇ 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 31) ⁇ 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 32) ⁇ 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 33) ⁇ 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 34) ⁇ 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 35) ⁇ 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 36) ⁇ 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 37) ⁇ 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 38) ⁇ 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 39) ⁇ 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 40) ⁇ 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 41) ⁇ 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 42) ⁇ 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 43) ⁇ 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 44) ⁇ 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 45) ⁇ 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 46) ⁇ 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 47) ⁇ 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 48) ⁇ 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 49) ⁇ 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 50) ⁇ 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 51) ⁇ 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6 ⁇ , and
  • a(1, 52) ⁇ 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2 ⁇ .
  • the same method may be used to perform a cyclic shift on a(2) to a(52), and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated method for determining each parameter in the method for generating the long training sequence is only an example for description.
  • a person skilled in the art may modify or select a used parameter at random according to the communications system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
  • the length of the long training sequence may be set at random.
  • the basic long training sequence set C may be directly used as a long raining sequence set C′, or cyclic shifts may be performed in a length range of the long training sequence for any times (in other words, any quantity of positions), which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a pseudo-random sequence may also be used as a basic sequence for generating multiple LTSs used by the communications system, to generate the multiple different LTSs.
  • the device A may group each receiving device in the system to determine at least one receiving device set.
  • Each receiving device in a same receiving device set is a target receiving device of same data.
  • the preset rule may include the following rules:
  • the determining at least one receiving device set includes:
  • the at least one receiving device set according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • grouping may be performed according to a group identifier or a cell identifier of each device in the system, and in addition, in the present disclosure, group identifiers or cell identifiers of receiving devices in a receiving device set may be the same or may be different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • transmitting devices may also be grouped at random.
  • the determining at least one receiving device set includes:
  • the feature information includes any one of the following information:
  • a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device.
  • target receiving devices of the information may be located at a same geographical location. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, grouping may be performed according to the geographical location of each device in the system.
  • the geographical location may be at any level, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, for example, may be a city level, may be a province level, or may be a country level.
  • grouping may be performed according to the service type of the services accessed by the devices in the system, and in addition, the service type may be set at random, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure. For example, a video service, a web browse service, and a voice call service may be illustrated.
  • data that needs to be transmitted by a transmitting device may be the same.
  • data that can be received by the receiving device is all data of a web page type.
  • data that can be received by the receiving device all comes from the same server. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, grouping may be performed according to an access permission of each device in the system, and in addition, the access permission may be any permission, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a permission that is set according to a service type allowed to be accessed a permission that is set according to a geographical location of a receiving device, and a permission that is set according to a geographical location of a server that is allowed to be accessed by a receiving device may be illustrated.
  • the determining at least one receiving device set includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set.
  • the device A may determine each receiving device (hereinafter for ease of description, referred to as a to-be-communicated receiving device for short) to which data needs to be transmitted in a specified time period, and group the to-be-communicated receiving devices according to the data that needs to be transmitted, that is, group, into a same receiving device set, to-be-communicated receiving devices to which same data needs to be transmitted.
  • a to-be-communicated receiving device for short
  • each receiving device in the system cannot know a receiving device set to which each receiving device belongs. Therefore, the device A needs to further transmit information (the first indication information) indicating receiving devices included in each receiving device set, to each receiving device in the system. Therefore, each receiving device in the system may determine, according to the first indication information, the receiving device set to which each receiving device belongs.
  • the first indication information may be specifically a part or all of identity information of the receiving devices included in each receiving device set.
  • the identity information is described later in detail.
  • step S 130 the device A may select, according to a quantity of the receiving device sets determined in step S 120 , a same quantity of long training sequences from the foregoing determined long training sequence set C′, and use the long training sequences as set-use long training sequences.
  • the device A may perform one-to-one mapping on the receiving device sets determined in step S 120 and the set-use long training sequences determined in step S 130 , that is, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a receiving device set corresponds only to one set-use long training sequence, so that effect and reliability of the data transmission method in the embodiment of the present disclosure are improved.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, and the third sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information.
  • the first mapping relationship may be a mapping relationship between identity information of receiving devices in the receiving device set and the set-use long training sequences.
  • the device A may select identity information of a device, where the identity information of the device is used to generate the foregoing first mapping relationship.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information:
  • a Media Access Control MAC address an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • the identity information of the device refers to information that can uniquely identify the device when the communications system in an embodiment of the present disclosure is used. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the identity information may be factory-set information in the device, or may be allocated by the system to the device, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the identity information may include information such as a Media Access Control (MAC, Media Access Control) address, an Internet Protocol (IP, Internet Protocol) address, a basic service set identifier (BSSID, Basic Service Set Identifier), an association identifier (AID, Association Identifier), a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI, International Mobile Subscriber Identity), and an international mobile equipment identity (IMEI, International Mobile Equipment Identity).
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • AID Association Identifier
  • a mobile phone number an international mobile subscriber identity
  • IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identity
  • the device A may select and use identity information that can uniquely identify the terminal device in each communications system. Therefore, all terminal devices that can be identified by the identity information may be considered as devices connected to and using the communications system in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the MAC address.
  • the MAC address includes 48 bits, where:
  • an organization unique identifier occupies bits b 24 to b 47 of the MAC address, is allocated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and may be understood as an identifier of a device manufacturer; and
  • a product serial number occupies bits b 0 to b 23 of the MAC address, and is allocated by a device manufacturer.
  • the organization unique identifier and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • the whole MAC address (another example of the third sub-identity information) and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the first mapping relationship in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • mapping relationship illustrated in the foregoing Table 1 is only an example for description, and that the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • a receiving device uses a rule same as that in step S 110 to generate a long training sequence set (same as the long training sequence set generated by the device A), in the third column of Table 1, only a sequence number of a corresponding set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set may be identified.
  • the set-use long training sequence itself may also be directly recorded in Table 1 to replace the sequence number.
  • the system allocates a same Cell ID (an example of the grouping information).
  • the grouping information and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • the system For another example, in a wireless local area network, for receiving devices that access a same access point (AP, Access Point), the system allocates a same Group ID (another example of the grouping information).
  • AP access point
  • Access Point For another example, for receiving devices that access a same access point (AP, Access Point), the system allocates a same Group ID (another example of the grouping information).
  • Table 2 shows another example of the first mapping relationship in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • mapping relationship illustrated in the foregoing Table 2 is only an example for description, and that the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • a receiving device uses a rule same as that in step S 110 to generate a long training sequence set (same as the long training sequence set generated by the device A), in the third column of Table 2, only a sequence number of a corresponding set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set may be identified.
  • the set-use long training sequence itself may also be directly recorded in Table 2 to replace the sequence number.
  • grouping information of receiving devices in a receiving device set may be the same or may be different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the feature information and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • Table 3 shows another example of the first mapping relationship in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • mapping relationship illustrated in the foregoing Table 3 is only an example for description, and that the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • a receiving device uses a rule same as that in step S 110 to generate a long training sequence set (same as the long training sequence set generated by the device A)
  • a third column of Table 3 only a sequence number of a corresponding set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set may be identified.
  • the set-use long training sequence itself may also be directly recorded in Table 3 to replace the sequence number.
  • feature information may also be used to replace the geographical location and recorded in Table 3. It should be noted that feature information of receiving devices in a receiving device set may be the same or may be different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the method further includes:
  • the device A may transmit the foregoing determined mapping relationship (the first mapping relationship) between each receiving device set and each set-use long training sequence to each device in each receiving device set or each device in the system. Therefore, each receiving device in the system may determine the first mapping relationship according to the second indication information, and may perform processing according to the first mapping relationship (this process is described later in detail).
  • step S 140 when the device A needs to transmit data (the first data) to a receiving device set (the target receiving device set), the device A may select, according to the first mapping relationship, a set-use long training sequence corresponding to the receiving device set and use the set-use long training sequence as the target set-use long training sequence.
  • step S 150 the device A may perform encapsulation processing on the data that needs to be transmitted, to generate a data packet (the first data packet).
  • a process for generating a long training sequence symbol is mainly described in detail.
  • direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • subcarriers with “a quantity same as the quantity of elements in the long training sequence” are selected from the indirect-current carrier components, and the elements in the long training sequence are mapped to the selected subcarriers one by one.
  • a specific numeric value or a cyclic shift element of the long training sequence is inserted in the remaining subcarriers. For example, a numeric value “1” is inserted, used by the receiving device for channel estimation; or a numeric value “0” may be inserted, that is, no information is transmitted on the subcarriers.
  • one-to-one mapping may be performed on the elements in the long training sequence and the subcarriers, and afterward the direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • elements with “a quantity same as the quantity of subcarriers” may be selected from the elements in the long training sequence. Afterward, one-to-one mapping is performed on the selected elements and the subcarriers. Finally, the direct-current carrier components are set to 0.
  • the device A may add the target set-use long training sequence to the long training sequence field (field) in the physical layer of the data packet, and then transmit the data packet to each receiving device.
  • the first long training sequence symbol refers to a valid bit (or a valid character string) in the long training sequence field of the transmitted data packet, and may be generated according to the target set-use long training sequence (for example, by using a preset rule). Therefore, the receiving device can determine, by parsing the first long training sequence symbol, the long training sequence (the target set-use long training sequence) indicated by the first long training sequence symbol.
  • the foregoing method and process may be the same as or similar to those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein. The following omits description about the same or similar cases.
  • the device A may transmit the first data packet to each device (including the target receiving device set) in the system in a broadcast manner over an air interface.
  • the method and process for transmitting the data packet may be the same as those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • a device (hereinafter for ease of understanding and description, unless otherwise specified, a device C is used as an example for describing an action of the receiving device) that can receive the first indication information and the first data packet may determine the first mapping relationship.
  • the method and process for determining the first mapping relationship by the device C may be the same as or correspond to the method and process executed by the device A in the foregoing step S 130 , and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the device C may determine a receiving device set (a first receiving device set) to which the device C belongs.
  • the device A (transmitting device) and the device C (receiving device) may determine each receiving device set according to a same rule (for example, the foregoing rule 1 or rule 2).
  • the device C may determine, according to a parameter used by the foregoing rule, a receiving device set to which the device C belongs. For example, if a Group ID is used for grouping, the device C may determine, according to a Group ID of the device C, the receiving device set to which the device C belongs.
  • the device A groups to-be-communicated receiving devices according to data that needs to be transmitted, the device A transmits information (the first indication information) indicating receiving devices included in each receiving device set, to each receiving device in the system. Therefore, the device C may determine, according to the first indication information, the receiving device set to which the device C belongs.
  • the first indication information may be specifically a part or all of identity information of the receiving devices included in each receiving device set.
  • the device A transmits the second indication information (used to indicate the first mapping relationship)
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship (an example of the first mapping relationship) between a set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information of each receiving device in a receiving device set
  • the device C may determine, according to the third sub-identity information of the device C, a receiving device set to which the device C belongs.
  • the method for selecting the third sub-identity information by the receiving device needs to be consistent with the method for selecting the third sub-identity information by the transmitting device.
  • the device C may parse the long training sequence field in the physical layer of the first data packet to obtain the long training sequence (the target set-use long training sequence) carried in the first data packet.
  • the device C may determine, according to the target long training sequence, the receiving device set (the first receiving device set) to which the device C belongs, and the first mapping relationship, whether the device C is the target receiving device of the first data packet.
  • the device C may determine, according to the target set-use long training sequence and the first mapping relationship, the target receiving device set corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the device C may determine whether the device C belongs to the target receiving device set, that is, whether the foregoing determined first receiving device set is the same as the target receiving device set.
  • the device C may acquire the first data from the first data packet.
  • the device C may discard the first data packet.
  • the device C may determine whether a long training sequence (namely, a first set-use long training sequence) corresponding to the first receiving device set to which the device C belongs is the same as the target set-use long training sequence.
  • a long training sequence namely, a first set-use long training sequence
  • the device C may acquire the first data from the first data packet.
  • the device C may discard the first data packet.
  • a transmitting device notifies each receiving device in a communications system of a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and each receiving device group; a first receiving device may determine a first set-use long training sequence corresponding to a receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs; when the transmitting device needs to transmit data to a target device, a target set-use long training sequence corresponding to the target device may be carried in a physical layer of a data packet; therefore, the first receiving device may process the data packet according to a relationship between the first set-use long training sequence and the target set-use long training sequence, so that the first receiving device can determine, on condition that the first receiving device parses only a long training sequence field in the physical layer, whether the first receiving device is a target receiving device of the data packet. Therefore, burden of the receiving device can be reduced, waste of hardware resources can be reduced, and user experience can be improved.
  • the method further includes:
  • the second mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each long training sequence in a long training sequence subset and first sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in the communications system, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, the first sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information, the long training sequence subset belongs to the long training sequence set, and the long training sequence subset does not include the first set-use long training sequence;
  • the target receiving device acquires the target long training sequence from the second data packet and processes the second data packet according to the target long training sequence.
  • the device A may determine a mapping relationship (the second mapping relationship) between a long training sequence set C′′ constituted by all long training sequences, except the first set-use long training sequence, in the foregoing acquired long training sequence set C′ and each terminal device in the system.
  • the foregoing second mapping relationship may be generated by each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system according to a preset rule, or may be generated by an external device independent of the receiving device and the transmitting device according to the preset rule and delivered to each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system.
  • the following uses the device A as an execution entity to describe in detail a method and a process for determining the mapping relationship between the long training sequence set C′′ and each terminal device in the system (specifically, a part or all of identity information of the terminal device, which is described later in detail).
  • First the device A may select identity information of a device, where the identity information of the device is used to generate the foregoing mapping relationship.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information:
  • a Media Access Control MAC address an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • the identity information of the device refers to information that can uniquely identify the device when the communications system in the embodiment of the present disclosure is used. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the identity information may be factory-set information in the device, or may be allocated by the system to the device, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the identity information may include information such as a Media Access Control (MAC, Media Access Control) address, an Internet Protocol (IP, Internet Protocol) address, a basic service set identifier (BSSID, Basic Service Set Identifier), an association identifier (AID, Association Identifier), a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI, International Mobile Subscriber Identity), and an international mobile equipment identity (IMEI, International Mobile Equipment Identity).
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • AID Association Identifier
  • a mobile phone number an international mobile subscriber identity
  • IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identity
  • the device A may acquire a quantity of terminal devices connected to the system and identity information (for example, BSSIDs or AIDs) of the terminal devices, and therefore may generate a mapping relationship between the identity information of the terminal devices and long training sequences according to the quantity of the terminal devices and the quantity of the foregoing generated long training sequences. For example:
  • long training sequences with a quantity same as the quantity of the terminal devices may be selected, and the long training sequences correspond to the identity information of the terminal devices on a one-to-one basis.
  • the long training sequences may correspond to the identity information of the terminal devices on a one-to-one basis.
  • some or all of the long training sequences may correspond to a part of the identity information of the terminal devices (an example of the first sub-identity information).
  • a part or all of the remaining identity information is carried in other fields in the physical layer, which is described later in detail.
  • each device in the system needs to communicate in real time or periodically with a management device or the like in the system, to determine the identity information of the terminal devices connected to the system and adjust the foregoing mapping relationship, which increases device burden and occupies communication resources.
  • identity information that can uniquely identify the terminal device in each communications system may be selected and used. Therefore, all terminal devices that can be identified by the identity information may be considered as devices connected to and using the communications system in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the MAC address.
  • the MAC address includes 48 bits, where:
  • an organization unique identifier occupies bits b 24 to b 47 of the MAC address, is allocated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and may be understood as an identifier of a device manufacturer; and
  • a product serial number occupies bits b 0 to b 23 of the MAC address, and is allocated by a device manufacturer.
  • the MAC address can identify 2 48 devices.
  • the quantity is far greater than the quantity of the foregoing generated long training sequences. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, some bits (the first sub-identity information) may be selected from the MAC address, and a mapping relationship between the first sub-identity information and each long training sequence may be set. That is, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, one long training sequence may be mapped to multiple devices that have same first sub-identity information, and some or all of the remaining bits (an example of the second sub-identify information) are carried in other fields in the physical layer (this process is described later in detail).
  • the device A may determine the first sub-identity information from the identity information according to the quantity of the long training sequences generated in step S 110 .
  • 11 bits may be selected from the MAC address, and used as the first sub-identity information.
  • the mapping relationship between each long training sequence and each piece of first sub-identity information may be determined according to the preset rule.
  • the preset rule for example, the 11-bit binary first-sub-identity-information may be converted into a decimal numeral, and the numeral of converted first sub-identity information corresponds to a long training sequence having a same ID numeral as the foregoing determined long training sequence.
  • more than 11 bits may be selected from the MAC address, and used as the first sub-identity information.
  • the quantity of the long training sequences is less than the quantity of the devices that the first sub-identity information can identify. Therefore, the 24-bit binary first-sub-identity-information may be converted into a decimal numeral, and modulo-preset-numeral (for example, modulo the quantity of the long training sequences) operation processing is performed on the numeral of converted first sub-identity information, and multiple pieces of the first sub-identity information with a same modulus value correspond to one long training sequence.
  • mapping relationship between each piece of the foregoing determined first sub-identity information and each long training sequence may be recorded in an entry to form a list of mapping relationships, or may be expressed as a function relation, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the foregoing illustrated method for selecting the first sub-identity information is only an example for description, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the first sub-identity information may be determined from the OUI of the MAC address; or a part of consecutive or nonconsecutive bytes may be selected from the IP address, the BSSID, the AID, the mobile phone number, the IMSI, or the IMEI, and used as the first sub-identity information.
  • the foregoing illustrated method for determining the mapping relationship between each piece of the first sub-identity information and each long training sequence is only an example for description, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • all devices in the system need to be consistent in the methods for determining the foregoing first sub-identity information and the foregoing mapping relationship, to ensure that the long training sequence (or the first sub-identity information) determined by the transmitting device and corresponding to the target receiving device is the same as the long training sequence (or the first sub-identity information) determined by the target receiving device and corresponding to the target receiving device.
  • the target receiving device may be one device in the system (namely, case A), or all devices in the system (namely, case B). The following first describes the case in which the target receiving device is one device.
  • the target receiving device is one receiving device in the communications system
  • the selecting a target long training sequence from the long training sequence subset according to first sub-identity information of the target receiving device and the mapping relationship includes:
  • the device A may determine first sub-identity information of the device B, for example, if a MAC address is used as identity information, may determine the first sub-identity information from a destination MAC address, and determine, according to the determined second mapping relationship and the first sub-identity information of the device B, (by looking up the list or substituting into the function relation), a long training sequence (hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence B) corresponding to the device B.
  • a long training sequence B hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence B
  • the device A may perform encapsulation processing on the data (the second data) that needs to be transmitted, to generate a data packet (the second data packet).
  • a process for generating a long training sequence symbol is mainly described in detail.
  • direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • subcarriers with “a quantity same as the quantity of elements in the long training sequence” are selected from the indirect-current carrier components, and the elements in the long training sequence are mapped to the selected subcarriers one by one.
  • a specific numeric value or a cyclic shift element of the long training sequence is inserted in the remaining subcarriers. For example, a numeric value “1” is inserted, used by the receiving device for channel estimation; or a numeric value “0” may be inserted, that is, no information is transmitted on the subcarriers.
  • one-to-one mapping may be performed on the elements in the long training sequence and the subcarriers, and afterward the direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • elements with “a quantity same as the quantity of subcarriers” may be selected from the elements in the long training sequence. Afterward, one-to-one mapping is performed on the selected elements and the subcarriers. Finally, the direct-current carrier components are set to 0.
  • the second long training sequence symbol refers to a valid bit (or a valid character string) in the long training sequence field of the transmitted data packet, and may be generated according to the target long training sequence (for example, by using a preset rule). Therefore, the receiving device can determine, by parsing the second long training sequence symbol, the target long training sequence indicated by the second long training sequence symbol.
  • the foregoing method and process may be the same as or similar to those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein. The following omits description about the same or similar cases.
  • the device A may add the long training sequence corresponding to the device B to the long training sequence field (field) in the physical layer of the second data packet, and then transmit the data packet to each receiving device.
  • the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information
  • the performing encapsulation processing on the second data to generate a second data packet includes:
  • the physical layer of the second data packet carries a second sub-identity information symbol
  • the second sub-identity information symbol is used to indicate second sub-identity information of the target receiving device
  • the second sub-identity information belongs to a part, except the first sub-identity information, in the identity information.
  • the transmitting device may further determine, according to a preset rule, the second sub-identity information, except the first sub-identity information, in the identity information of the target receiving device.
  • the device A may use a part of information (for example, bits b 24 to b 32 in the MAC address), except the first sub-identity information (for example, bits b 0 to b 10 in the MAC address), in the MAC address of the device B as the second sub-identity information (hereinafter recorded as second sub-identity information B).
  • the first sub-identity information for example, bits b 0 to b 10 in the MAC address
  • the device A may add the second sub-identity information (or a symbol indicating the second sub-identity information) to available space in the physical layer of the data packet. Therefore, the device A may further determine the second sub-identity information (specifically, a length of the second sub-identity information) according to the available space in the physical layer of the data packet. For example, in a case of a Wi-Fi system of the IEEE 802.11ac standard, a partial association identifier field (field) of 9 bits is added to a signal field (signal field) in the physical layer of the data packet.
  • the device A may use information in 9 bits (for example, bits b 24 to b 32 in the MAC address), except the first sub-identity information (for example, bits b 0 to b 10 in the MAC address), in the MAC address of the device B as the second sub-identity information B.
  • the second sub-identity information may be consecutive bits or nonconsecutive bits in the identity information.
  • the second sub-identity information may be all information, except the first sub-identity information, in the identity information.
  • the second sub-identity information symbol refers to a valid bit (or a valid character string) in for example, the partial association identifier field of the transmitted data packet, and may be generated according to the second sub-identity information (for example, by using a preset rule). Therefore, the receiving device can determine, by parsing the second sub-identity information symbol, the second sub-identity information indicated by the second sub-identity information symbol.
  • the foregoing method and process may be the same as or similar to those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein. The following omits description about the same or similar cases.
  • the methods for determining the second sub-identity information by all devices in the system need to be consistent, to ensure that the second sub-identity information of the target receiving device determined by the transmitting device is the same as the second sub-identity information determined by the target receiving device.
  • a long training sequence symbol or first sub-identity information
  • a second sub-identity information symbol or second sub-identity information
  • the device A may generate a second sub-identity information symbol used to indicate second sub-identity information of the device B, and add the second sub-identity information symbol to a physical layer of a data packet, so that the receiving device can obtain the second sub-identity information of the target receiving device by means of parsing in the physical layer.
  • the second sub-identity information symbol is carried in the partial association identifier field in the physical layer of the data packet.
  • a partial association identifier field (field) of 9 bits is added to the signal field (signal field) in the physical layer of the data packet, and the foregoing generated second sub-identity information symbol may be carried in the partial association identifier field.
  • the second sub-identity information may be used as a partial association identifier.
  • the second sub-identity information symbol in transmission order, may be located before the long training sequence symbol, or may be located after the long training sequence symbol, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the following Table 4 shows an example of a part (the second sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device carried in the partial association identifier field and a part (the first sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device corresponding to the long training sequence field in the data packet.
  • Table 5 shows another example of the part (the second sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device carried in the partial association identifier field and the part (the first sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device corresponding to the long training sequence field in the data packet.
  • the following Table 6 shows still another example of the part (the second sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device carried in the partial association identifier field and the part (the first sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device corresponding to the long training sequence field in the data packet.
  • the partial association identifier field and the long training sequence field can be identified. For example, if the system bandwidth is 20 MHz, a quantity of available subcarriers in the system is 53, and therefore more than 2 11 long training sequences may be generated and can correspond to 2 11 devices.
  • the device A may transmit the second data packet to each device (including the device B) in the system in a broadcast manner over the air interface.
  • the method and process for transmitting the second data packet may be the same as those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • a device (hereinafter for ease of understanding and description, unless otherwise specified, a device D is used as an example for describing an action of the receiving device) that can receive the second data packet, same as the device A, may predetermine a long training sequence set including multiple long training sequences.
  • the process is the same as the foregoing process for determining the long training sequence set by the device A, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the device D may determine a mapping relationship between the foregoing acquired long training sequence set C′′ and each terminal device (including the device D) in the system.
  • the process is the same as the foregoing process for determining the mapping relationship by the device A, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the device D may acquire, from the physical layer of the second data packet, the long training sequence B determined by the device A according to the target receiving device (namely, the device B). Therefore, the device D may perform processing on the second data packet according to the long training sequence B.
  • the processing according to the long training sequence B may include the following processes:
  • the long training sequence B corresponds only to one receiving device (namely, case 1); when the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information, the long training sequence B may correspond to multiple receiving devices (namely, case 2).
  • case 1 When the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information, the long training sequence B corresponds only to one receiving device (namely, case 1); when the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information, the long training sequence B may correspond to multiple receiving devices (namely, case 2).
  • case 1 When the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information, the long training sequence B corresponds only to one receiving device (namely, case 1); when the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information, the long training sequence B may correspond to multiple receiving devices (namely, case 2).
  • case 2 When the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information, the long training sequence B corresponds only to one receiving device (namely, case 1); when the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information, the long training sequence B
  • the device D may determine a long training sequence (hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence C) corresponding to the device D.
  • a polyphase perfect sequence for example, a Zadoff-Chu sequence
  • ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties of the polyphase perfect sequence may be used to quickly and conveniently distinguish whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the device D may perform correlation calculation on the long training sequence C and the long training sequence B according to the following formula 4:
  • N indicates a sequence length
  • FIG. 3 is a line chart of an autocorrelation function and a cross-correlation function of a Zadoff-Chu sequence. As shown in FIG. 3 , if the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B, a peak occurs. Therefore, the device D may determine, according to whether a peak occurs or whether a correlation value R r,s ( ⁇ ) exceeds a threshold, whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the long training sequence C may be compared with the long training sequence B in a bitwise manner to determine whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is not the target receiving device of the second data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the second data packet.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is the target receiving device of the second data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the second data packet to acquire the data (the second data) that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • the device D may acquire, from the physical layer of the second data packet, the long training sequence B determined by the device A according to the target receiving device (namely, the device B), and find, according to the foregoing determined mapping relationship, first sub-identity information of a device (herein, the device B) corresponding to the long training sequence B.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is not the target receiving device of the second data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the second data packet.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is the target receiving device of the second data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the second data packet to acquire the data (the second data) that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • the device D may determine second sub-identity information (hereinafter recorded as second sub-identity information C) of the device D according to a preset rule (same as the preset rule used by the device A to determine the second sub-identity information).
  • a preset rule similar as the preset rule used by the device A to determine the second sub-identity information.
  • the process is the same as the foregoing process for determining the second sub-identity information by the device A, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the device D may determine a long training sequence (hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence C) corresponding to the device D.
  • a polyphase perfect sequence for example, a Zadoff-Chu sequence
  • ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties of the polyphase perfect sequence may be used to quickly and conveniently distinguish whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the device D may perform correlation calculation on the long training sequence C and the long training sequence B according to the foregoing formula 4. If the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B, a peak occurs. Therefore, the device D may determine, according to whether a peak occurs or whether a correlation value R r,s ( ⁇ ) exceeds a threshold, whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the long training sequence C may be compared with the long training sequence B in a bitwise manner to determine whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device D may determine that the device D may be the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may continue to parse the data packet and acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the second sub-identity information (namely, the second sub-identity information B) of the target receiving device.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the data packet to acquire the data that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • the device D may acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the long training sequence B determined by the device A according to the target receiving device (namely, the device B), and find, according to the foregoing determined mapping relationship, first sub-identity information of a device (herein, the device B) corresponding to the long training sequence B.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device D may determine that the device D may be the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may continue to parse the data packet and acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the second sub-identity information (namely, the second sub-identity information B) of the target receiving device.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device D may determine that the device D is the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the data packet to acquire the data that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • the target receiving device when the target receiving device is all receiving devices in the communications system,
  • the selecting a target long training sequence from the long training sequence subset according to first sub-identity information of the target receiving device and the second mapping relationship includes:
  • the device A may select a long training sequence (the third long training sequence) from the determined long training sequence set according to a preset rule, for example, the first or the last or a middle long training sequence in the long training sequence set, and use the long training sequence as the target long training sequence, to identify that the target receiving device of the data packet is all the receiving devices in the system.
  • a preset rule for example, the first or the last or a middle long training sequence in the long training sequence set
  • Each receiving device in the system may determine the third long training sequence according to the preset rule (same as the rule used by the device A). If the target long training sequence carried in the data packet is the third long training sequence, it indicates that the data is broadcast data and therefore may be received.
  • the first sub-identity information and the third sub-identity information may be the same or different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the second sub-identity information and the third sub-identity information may be the same or different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the transmitting device when a transmitting device needs to transmit data to a target receiving device, the transmitting device selects, from a long training sequence set, a target long training sequence corresponding to the target receiving device, and adds the target long training sequence to a long training sequence field in a physical layer of a generated data packet; a receiving device can determine the target receiving device of the data packet according to the target long training sequence. Therefore, if the receiving device is not the target receiving device of the data packet, the receiving device does not need to continue to parse the data packet, which can reduce burden of the receiving device, reduce waste of hardware resources, and improve user experience.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure described from a perspective of a receiving device. As shown in FIG. 4 , the method 200 includes:
  • a first receiving device in at least one receiving device in a communications system determines a first mapping relationship, where the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set and the at least one receiving device set, the at least one set-use long training sequence corresponds to the at least one receiving device set on a one-to-one basis, the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in the communications system, and the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences.
  • LTS Long Training Sequence
  • each user equipment including a receiving device and a transmitting device uses a same long training sequence.
  • the communications system may use multiple (at least two) LTSs that are different from each other.
  • different LTSs may be allocated to different user equipments.
  • the transmitting device may determine a target LTS corresponding to the target receiving device (in other words, the target LTS is allocated by the system to the target receiving device), and add the target LTS to a long training field (LTF, Long Training Field, also referred to as a long training sequence field) in a physical layer of a data packet.
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • the receiving device may acquire the target LTS from the LTF of the data packet, and may perform processing (for example, receiving or discarding) on the data packet according to a relationship (for example, same or different) between the LTS allocated by the system to the receiving device and the target LTS, or may determine, according to the target LTS, the target receiving device (specifically, first sub-identity information of the target receiving device, where the parameter is described later in detail) corresponding to the target LTS, and perform processing (for example, receiving or discarding) on the data packet according to a relationship (for example, same or different) between first sub-identity information of the receiving device and first sub-identity information of the target receiving device.
  • a relationship for example, same or different
  • the receiving device acquires, by parsing the LTF in the physical layer of the data packet, the target LTS carried in the LTF, and can determine, by using the target LTS, whether the receiving device is the target receiving device of the data packet, which can reduce burden of the receiving device, reduce waste of hardware resources, and improve user experience.
  • a device A (an example of the transmitting device, for example, may be an AP or a STA) in the communications system may predetermine a long training sequence set including multiple long training sequences (LTSs, Long Training Sequences).
  • LTSs Long Training Sequences
  • the long training sequence set may be generated by each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system according to a preset rule, or may be generated by an external device independent of the receiving device and the transmitting device according to the preset rule and delivered to each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system.
  • the device A as an execution entity to describe a method and a process for generating the long training sequence set.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences:
  • a polyphase perfect sequence a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence.
  • polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, a Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the like.
  • the sequence with good correlation properties may be used as the LTS. Therefore, the receiving device may use the good autocorrelation properties and cross-correlation properties of the LTS to accurately determine whether the LTS allocated by the system to the receiving device is the same as the LTS carried in the data packet, and therefore, can determine whether the receiving device is the target receiving device of the data packet (this process is described later in detail).
  • properties (for example, formula generation) of the polyphase perfect sequence can be used to generate multiple LTSs quickly and conveniently and determine a mapping relationship between the multiple LTSs and receiving devices (specifically, first sub-identity information of each receiving device) (this process is described later in detail).
  • the sequences with good correlation properties may include a polyphase perfect sequence, a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence with good correlation properties.
  • properties, concepts, and the like of the polyphase perfect sequence, the Gold sequence, and the pseudo-random sequence may be similar to those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated sequences used as the sequences with good correlation properties are only examples for description, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Other sequences with good correlation properties all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • the polyphase perfect sequence may include a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, a Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the like.
  • properties, concepts, and the like of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the Frank sequence, or the Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence may be similar to those in the prior art (for example, a sequence length of the Frank sequence can only be the square of a natural number), and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • a sequence length of the Frank sequence can only be the square of a natural number
  • description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated sequences used as the polyphase perfect sequence are only examples for description, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • sequences that can be used as the polyphase perfect sequence namely, sequences that have ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties, all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • sequences that have ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • the following uses the Zadoff-Chu sequence as a long training sequence to describe a process for generating the long training sequence set in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a long training sequence set with multiple LTSs may be generated according to the properties of the polyphase perfect sequence (herein, specifically, properties of the Zadoff-Chu sequence) by using a conventional Zadoff-Chu sequence generation formula.
  • a length of the Zadoff-Chu sequence may be set according to a preset rule, and a basic long training sequence set C may be determined according to the determined sequence length and the following formula 1:
  • N indicates a sequence length
  • an r set is a set of natural numbers that are less than N and are coprime to N. Because two adjacent natural numbers are coprime, the last element in the set is N ⁇ 1.
  • â (r) indicates a basic long training sequence in the basic long training sequence set C
  • â n (r) indicates an n th element in the basic long training sequence â (r) , where r is less than N and r and N are coprime
  • a quantity M of basic long training sequences in a Zadoff-Chu sequence set (in other words, a quantity of elements in the r set) is decided by the sequence length N, that is, M is “a quantity of natural numbers that are less than the sequence length and are coprime to the sequence length”
  • M is “a quantity of natural numbers that are less than the sequence length and are coprime to the sequence length”
  • a quantity of sequences included in the sequence set can be as great as possible if a value of the sequence length is less than or equal to a quantity of subcarriers, and therefore a quantity of represented receiving devices can be increased.
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • each element in the long training sequence can correspond to each subcarrier on a one-to-one basis, and therefore, accuracy of channel estimation is improved.
  • the device A may determine a system bandwidth. For example, the device A may acquire a bandwidth parameter (CH_BANDWIDTH) from a transceiver (TRX, Transceiver), determine the system bandwidth according to the bandwidth parameter, and further determine the quantity of available subcarriers in the system. For example, in a Wi-Fi system of the IEEE 802.11g standard, when the system bandwidth is 20 megahertz (MHz), the quantity of available subcarriers in the system is 53.
  • CH_BANDWIDTH bandwidth parameter
  • TRX Transceiver
  • a quantity of sequences included in the sequence set can be as great as possible if the sequence length is less than or equal to a quantity of subcarriers, and therefore a quantity of represented receiving devices can be increased.
  • the sequence length is set to 53.
  • a(1) ⁇ 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(2) ⁇ 0, 4, 12, 24, 40, 60, 84, 6, 38, 74, 8, 52, 100, 46, 102, 56, 14, 82, 48, 18, 98, 76, 58, 44, 34, 28, 26, 28, 34, 44, 58, 76, 98, 18, 48, 82, 14, 56, 102, 46, 100, 52, 8, 74, 38, 6, 84, 60, 40, 24, 12, 4, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(3) ⁇ 0, 6, 18, 36, 60, 90, 20, 62, 4, 58, 12, 78, 44, 16, 100, 84, 74, 70, 72, 80, 94, 8, 34, 66, 104, 42, 92, 42, 104, 66, 34, 8, 94, 80, 72, 70, 74, 84, 100, 16, 44, 78, 12, 58, 4, 62, 20, 90, 60, 36, 18, 6, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(4) ⁇ 0, 8, 24, 48, 80, 14, 62, 12, 76, 42, 16, 104, 94, 92, 98, 6, 28, 58, 96, 36, 90, 46, 10, 88, 68, 56, 52, 56, 68, 88, 10, 46, 90, 36, 96, 58, 28, 6, 98, 92, 94, 104, 16, 42, 76, 12, 62, 14, 80, 48, 24, 8, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(5) ⁇ 0, 10, 30, 60, 100, 44, 104, 68, 42, 26, 20, 24, 38, 62, 96, 34, 88, 46, 14, 98, 86, 84, 92, 4, 32, 70, 12, 70, 32, 4, 92, 84, 86, 98, 14, 46, 88, 34, 96, 62, 38, 24, 20, 26, 42, 68, 104, 44, 100, 60, 30, 10, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(6) ⁇ 0, 12, 36, 72, 14, 74, 40, 18, 8, 10, 24, 50, 88, 32, 94, 62, 42, 34, 38, 54, 82, 16, 68, 26, 102, 84, 78, 84, 102, 26, 68, 16, 82, 54, 38, 34, 42, 62, 94, 32, 88, 50, 24, 10, 8, 18, 40, 74, 14, 72, 36, 12, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(7) ⁇ 0, 14, 42, 84, 34, 104, 82, 74, 80, 100, 28, 76, 32, 2, 92, 90, 102, 22, 62, 10, 78, 54, 44, 48, 66, 98, 38, 98, 66, 48, 44, 54, 78, 10, 62, 22, 102, 90, 92, 2, 32, 76, 28, 100, 80, 74, 82, 104, 34, 84, 42, 14, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(8) ⁇ 0, 16, 48, 96, 54, 28, 18, 24, 46, 84, 32, 102, 82, 78, 90, 12, 56, 10, 86, 72, 74, 92, 20, 70, 30, 6, 104, 6, 30, 70, 20, 92, 74, 72, 86, 10, 56, 12, 90, 78, 82, 102, 32, 84, 46, 24, 18, 28, 54, 96, 48, 16, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(9) ⁇ 0, 18, 54, 2, 74, 58, 60, 80, 12, 68, 36, 22, 26, 48, 88, 40, 10, 104, 4, 28, 70, 24, 102, 92, 100, 20, 64, 20, 100, 92, 102, 24, 70, 28, 4, 104, 10, 40, 88, 48, 26, 22, 36, 68, 12, 80, 60, 58, 74, 2, 54, 18, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(10) ⁇ 0, 20, 60, 14, 94, 88, 102, 30, 84, 52, 40, 48, 76, 18, 86, 68, 70, 92, 28, 90, 66, 62, 78, 8, 64, 34, 24, 34, 64, 8, 78, 62, 66, 90, 28, 92, 70, 68, 86, 18, 76, 48, 40, 52, 84, 30, 102, 88, 94, 14, 60, 20, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(11) ⁇ 0, 22, 66, 26, 8, 12, 38, 86, 50, 36, 44, 74, 20, 94, 84, 96, 24, 80, 52, 46, 62, 100, 54, 30, 28, 48, 90, 48, 28, 30, 54, 100, 62, 46, 52, 80, 24, 96, 84, 94, 20, 74, 44, 36, 50, 86, 38, 12, 8, 26, 66, 22, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(12) ⁇ 0, 24, 72, 38, 28, 42, 80, 36, 16, 20, 48, 100, 70, 64, 82, 18, 84, 68, 76, 2, 58, 32, 30, 52, 98, 62, 50, 62, 98, 52, 30, 32, 58, 2, 76, 68, 84, 18, 82, 64, 70, 100, 48, 20, 16, 36, 80, 42, 28, 38, 72, 24, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(13) ⁇ 0, 26, 78, 50, 48, 72, 16, 92, 88, 4, 52, 20, 14, 34, 80, 46, 38, 56, 100, 64, 54, 70, 6, 74, 62, 76, 10, 76, 62, 74, 6, 70, 54, 64, 100, 56, 38, 46, 80, 34, 14, 20, 52, 4, 88, 92, 16, 72, 48, 50, 78, 26, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(14) ⁇ 0, 28, 84, 62, 68, 102, 58, 42, 54, 94, 56, 46, 64, 4, 78, 74, 98, 44, 18, 20, 50, 2, 88, 96, 26, 90, 76, 90, 26, 96, 88, 2, 50, 20, 18, 44, 98, 74, 78, 4, 64, 46, 56, 94, 54, 42, 58, 102, 68, 62, 84, 28, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(15) ⁇ 0, 30, 90, 74, 88, 26, 100, 98, 20, 78, 60, 72, 8, 80, 76, 102, 52, 32, 42, 82, 46, 40, 64, 12, 96, 104, 36, 104, 96, 12, 64, 40, 46, 82, 42, 32, 52, 102, 76, 80, 8, 72, 60, 78, 20, 98, 100, 26, 88, 74, 90, 30, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(16) ⁇ 0, 32, 96, 86, 2, 56, 36, 48, 92, 62, 64, 98, 58, 50, 74, 24, 6, 20, 66, 38, 42, 78, 40, 34, 60, 12, 102, 12, 60, 34, 40, 78, 42, 38, 66, 20, 6, 24, 74, 50, 58, 98, 64, 62, 92, 48, 36, 56, 2, 86, 96, 32, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(17) ⁇ 0, 34, 102, 98, 22, 86, 78, 104, 58, 46, 68, 18, 2, 20, 72, 52, 66, 8, 90, 100, 38, 10, 16, 56, 24, 26, 62, 26, 24, 56, 16, 10, 38, 100, 90, 8, 66, 52, 72, 20, 2, 18, 68, 46, 58, 104, 78, 86, 22, 98, 102, 34, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(18) ⁇ 0, 36, 2, 4, 42, 10, 14, 54, 24, 30, 72, 44, 52, 96, 70, 80, 20, 102, 8, 56, 34, 48, 98, 78, 94, 40, 22, 40, 94, 78, 98, 48, 34, 56, 8, 102, 20, 80, 70, 96, 52, 44, 72, 30, 24, 54, 14, 10, 42, 4, 2, 36, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(19) ⁇ 0, 38, 8, 16, 62, 40, 56, 4, 96, 14, 76, 70, 102, 66, 68, 2, 80, 90, 32, 12, 30, 86, 74, 100, 58, 54, 88, 54, 58, 100, 74, 86, 30, 12, 32, 90, 80, 2, 68, 66, 102, 70, 76, 14, 96, 4, 56, 40, 62, 16, 8, 38, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(20) ⁇ 0, 40, 14, 28, 82, 70, 98, 60, 62, 104, 80, 96, 46, 36, 66, 30, 34, 78, 56, 74, 26, 18, 50, 16, 22, 68, 48, 68, 22, 16, 50, 18, 26, 74, 56, 78, 34, 30, 66, 36, 46, 96, 80, 104, 62, 60, 98, 70, 82, 28, 14, 40, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(21) ⁇ 0, 42, 20, 40, 102, 100, 34, 10, 28, 88, 84, 16, 96, 6, 64, 58, 94, 66, 80, 30, 22, 56, 26, 38, 92, 82, 8, 82, 92, 38, 26, 56, 22, 30, 80, 66, 94, 58, 64, 6, 96, 16, 84, 88, 28, 10, 34, 100, 102, 40, 20, 42, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(22) ⁇ 0, 44, 26, 52, 16, 24, 76, 66, 100, 72, 88, 42, 40, 82, 62, 86, 48, 54, 104, 92, 18, 94, 2, 60, 56, 96, 74, 96, 56, 60, 2, 94, 18, 92, 104, 54, 48, 86, 62, 82, 40, 42, 88, 72, 100, 66, 76, 24, 16, 52, 26, 44, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(23) ⁇ 0, 46, 32, 64, 36, 54, 12, 16, 66, 56, 92, 68, 90, 52, 60, 8, 2, 42, 22, 48, 14, 26, 84, 82, 20, 4, 34, 4, 20, 82, 84, 26, 14, 48, 22, 42, 2, 8, 60, 52, 90, 68, 92, 56, 66, 16, 12, 54, 36, 64, 32, 46, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(24) ⁇ 0, 48, 38, 76, 56, 84, 54, 72, 32, 40, 96, 94, 34, 22, 58, 36, 62, 30, 46, 4, 10, 64, 60, 104, 90, 18, 100, 18, 90, 104, 60, 64, 10, 4, 46, 30, 62, 36, 58, 22, 34, 94, 96, 40, 32, 72, 54, 84, 56, 76, 38, 48, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(25) ⁇ 0, 50, 44, 88, 76, 8, 96, 22, 104, 24, 100, 14, 84, 98, 56, 64, 16, 18, 70, 66, 6, 102, 36, 20, 54, 32, 60, 32, 54, 20, 36, 102, 6, 66, 70, 18, 16, 64, 56, 98, 84, 14, 100, 24, 104, 22, 96, 8, 76, 88, 44, 50, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(26) ⁇ 0, 52, 50, 100, 96, 38, 32, 78, 70, 8, 104, 40, 28, 68, 54, 92, 76, 6, 94, 22, 2, 34, 12, 42, 18, 46, 20, 46, 18, 42, 12, 34, 2, 22, 94, 6, 76, 92, 54, 68, 28, 40, 104, 8, 70, 78, 32, 38, 96, 100, 50, 52, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(27) ⁇ 0, 54, 56, 6, 10, 68, 74, 28, 36, 98, 2, 66, 78, 38, 52, 14, 30, 100, 12, 84, 104, 72, 94, 64, 88, 60, 86, 60, 88, 64, 94, 72, 104, 84, 12, 100, 30, 14, 52, 38, 78, 66, 2, 98, 36, 28, 74, 68, 10, 6, 56, 54, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(28) ⁇ 0, 56, 62, 18, 30, 98, 10, 84, 2, 82, 6, 92, 22, 8, 50, 42, 90, 88, 36, 40, 100, 4, 70, 86, 52, 74, 46, 74, 52, 86, 70, 4, 100, 40, 36, 88, 90, 42, 50, 8, 22, 92, 6, 82, 2, 84, 10, 98, 30, 18, 62, 56, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(29) ⁇ 0, 58, 68, 30, 50, 22, 52, 34, 74, 66, 10, 12, 72, 84, 48, 70, 44, 76, 60, 102, 96, 42, 46, 2, 16, 88, 6, 88, 16, 2, 46, 42, 96, 102, 60, 76, 44, 70, 48, 84, 72, 12, 10, 66, 74, 34, 52, 22, 50, 30, 68, 58, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(30) ⁇ 0, 60, 74, 42, 70, 52, 94, 90, 40, 50, 14, 38, 16, 54, 46, 98, 104, 64, 84, 58, 92, 80, 22, 24, 86, 102, 72, 102, 86, 24, 22, 80, 92, 58, 84, 64, 104, 98, 46, 54, 16, 38, 14, 50, 40, 90, 94, 52, 70, 42, 74, 60, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(31) ⁇ 0, 62, 80, 54, 90, 82, 30, 40, 6, 34, 18, 64, 66, 24, 44, 20, 58, 52, 2, 14, 88, 12, 104, 46, 50, 10, 32, 10, 50, 46, 104, 12, 88, 14, 2, 52, 58, 20, 44, 24, 66, 64, 18, 34, 6, 40, 30, 82, 90, 54, 80, 62, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(32) ⁇ 0, 64, 86, 66, 4, 6, 72, 96, 78, 18, 22, 90, 10, 100, 42, 48, 12, 40, 26, 76, 84, 50, 80, 68, 14, 24, 98, 24, 14, 68, 80, 50, 84, 76, 26, 40, 12, 48, 42, 100, 10, 90, 22, 18, 78, 96, 72, 6, 4, 66, 86, 64, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(33) ⁇ 0, 66, 92, 78, 24, 36, 8, 46, 44, 2, 26, 10, 60, 70, 40, 76, 72, 28, 50, 32, 80, 88, 56, 90, 84, 38, 58, 38, 84, 90, 56, 88, 80, 32, 50, 28, 72, 76, 40, 70, 60, 10, 26, 2, 44, 46, 8, 36, 24, 78, 92, 66, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(34) ⁇ 0, 68, 98, 90, 44, 66, 50, 102, 10, 92, 30, 36, 4, 40, 38, 104, 26, 16, 74, 94, 76, 20, 32, 6, 48, 52, 18, 52, 48, 6, 32, 20, 76, 94, 74, 16, 26, 104, 38, 40, 4, 36, 30, 92, 10, 102, 50, 66, 44, 90, 98, 68, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(35) ⁇ 0, 70, 104, 102, 64, 96, 92, 52, 82, 76, 34, 62, 54, 10, 36, 26, 86, 4, 98, 50, 72, 58, 8, 28, 12, 66, 84, 66, 12, 28, 8, 58, 72, 50, 98, 4, 86, 26, 36, 10, 54, 62, 34, 76, 82, 52, 92, 96, 64, 102, 104, 70, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(36) ⁇ 0, 72, 4, 8, 84, 20, 28, 2, 48, 60, 38, 88, 104, 86, 34, 54, 40, 98, 16, 6, 68, 96, 90, 50, 82, 80, 44, 80, 82, 50, 90, 96, 68, 6, 16, 98, 40, 54, 34, 86, 104, 88, 38, 60, 48, 2, 28, 20, 84, 8, 4, 72, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(37) ⁇ 0, 74, 10, 20, 104, 50, 70, 58, 14, 44, 42, 8, 48, 56, 32, 82, 100, 86, 40, 68, 64, 28, 66, 72, 46, 94, 4, 94, 46, 72, 66, 28, 64, 68, 40, 86, 100, 82, 32, 56, 48, 8, 42, 44, 14, 58, 70, 50, 104, 20, 10, 74, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(38) ⁇ 0, 76, 16, 32, 18, 80, 6, 8, 86, 28, 46, 34, 98, 26, 30, 4, 54, 74, 64, 24, 60, 66, 42, 94, 10, 2, 70, 2, 10, 94, 42, 66, 60, 24, 64, 74, 54, 4, 30, 26, 98, 34, 46, 28, 86, 8, 6, 80, 18, 32, 16, 76, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(39) ⁇ 0, 78, 22, 44, 38, 4, 48, 64, 52, 12, 50, 60, 42, 102, 28, 32, 8, 62, 88, 86, 56, 104, 18, 10, 80, 16, 30, 16, 80, 10, 18, 104, 56, 86, 88, 62, 8, 32, 28, 102, 42, 60, 50, 12, 52, 64, 48, 4, 38, 44, 22, 78, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(40) ⁇ 0, 80, 28, 56, 58, 34, 90, 14, 18, 102, 54, 86, 92, 72, 26, 60, 68, 50, 6, 42, 52, 36, 100, 32, 44, 30, 96, 30, 44, 32, 100, 36, 52, 42, 6, 50, 68, 60, 26, 72, 92, 86, 54, 102, 18, 14, 90, 34, 58, 56, 28, 80, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(41) ⁇ 0, 82, 34, 68, 78, 64, 26, 70, 90, 86, 58, 6, 36, 42, 24, 88, 22, 38, 30, 104, 48, 74, 76, 54, 8, 44, 56, 44, 8, 54, 76, 74, 48, 104, 30, 38, 22, 88, 24, 42, 36, 6, 58, 86, 90, 70, 26, 64, 78, 68, 34, 82, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(42) ⁇ 0, 84, 40, 80, 98, 94, 68, 20, 56, 70, 62, 32, 86, 12, 22, 10, 82, 26, 54, 60, 44, 6, 52, 76, 78, 58, 16, 58, 78, 76, 52, 6, 44, 60, 54, 26, 82, 10, 22, 12, 86, 32, 62, 70, 56, 20, 68, 94, 98, 80, 40, 84, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(43) ⁇ 0, 86, 46, 92, 12, 18, 4, 76, 22, 54, 66, 58, 30, 88, 20, 38, 36, 14, 78, 16, 40, 44, 28, 98, 42, 72, 82, 72, 42, 98, 28, 44, 40, 16, 78, 14, 36, 38, 20, 88, 30, 58, 66, 54, 22, 76, 4, 18, 12, 92, 46, 86, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(44) ⁇ 0, 88, 52, 104, 32, 48, 46, 26, 94, 38, 70, 84, 80, 58, 18, 66, 96, 2, 102, 78, 36, 82, 4, 14, 6, 86, 42, 86, 6, 14, 4, 82, 36, 78, 102, 2, 96, 66, 18, 58, 80, 84, 70, 38, 94, 26, 46, 48, 32, 104, 52, 88, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(45) ⁇ 0, 90, 58, 10, 52, 78, 88, 82, 60, 22, 74, 4, 24, 28, 16, 94, 50, 96, 20, 34, 32, 14, 86, 36, 76, 100, 2, 100, 76, 36, 86, 14, 32, 34, 20, 96, 50, 94, 16, 28, 24, 4, 74, 22, 60, 82, 88, 78, 52, 10, 58, 90, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(46) ⁇ 0, 92, 64, 22, 72, 2, 24, 32, 26, 6, 78, 30, 74, 104, 14, 16, 4, 84, 44, 96, 28, 52, 62, 58, 40, 8, 68, 8, 40, 58, 62, 52, 28, 96, 44, 84, 4, 16, 14, 104, 74, 30, 78, 6, 26, 32, 24, 2, 72, 22, 64, 92, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(47) ⁇ 0, 94, 70, 34, 92, 32, 66, 88, 98, 96, 82, 56, 18, 74, 12, 44, 64, 72, 68, 52, 24, 90, 38, 80, 4, 22, 28, 22, 4, 80, 38, 90, 24, 52, 68, 72, 64, 44, 12, 74, 18, 56, 82, 96, 98, 88, 66, 32, 92, 34, 70, 94, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(48) ⁇ 0, 96, 76, 46, 6, 62, 2, 38, 64, 80, 86, 82, 68, 44, 10, 72, 18, 60, 92, 8, 20, 22, 14, 102, 74, 36, 94, 36, 74, 102, 14, 22, 20, 8, 92, 60, 18, 72, 10, 44, 68, 82, 86, 80, 64, 38, 2, 62, 6, 46, 76, 96, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(49) ⁇ 0, 98, 82, 58, 26, 92, 44, 94, 30, 64, 90, 2, 12, 14, 8, 100, 78, 48, 10, 70, 16, 60, 96, 18, 38, 50, 54, 50, 38, 18, 96, 60, 16, 70, 10, 48, 78, 100, 8, 14, 12, 2, 90, 64, 30, 94, 44, 92, 26, 58, 82, 98, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(50) ⁇ 0, 100, 88, 70, 46, 16, 86, 44, 102, 48, 94, 28, 62, 90, 6, 22, 32, 36, 34, 26, 12, 98, 72, 40, 2, 64, 14, 64, 2, 40, 72, 98, 12, 26, 34, 36, 32, 22, 6, 90, 62, 28, 94, 48, 102, 44, 86, 16, 46, 70, 88, 100, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(51) ⁇ 0, 102, 94, 82, 66, 46, 22, 100, 68, 32, 98, 54, 6, 60, 4, 50, 92, 24, 58, 88, 8, 30, 48, 62, 72, 78, 80, 78, 72, 62, 48, 30, 8, 88, 58, 24, 92, 50, 4, 60, 6, 54, 98, 32, 68, 100, 22, 46, 66, 82, 94, 102, 0 ⁇ , and
  • a(52) ⁇ 0, 104, 100, 94, 86, 76, 64, 50, 34, 16, 102, 80, 56, 30, 2, 78, 46, 12, 82, 44, 4, 68, 24, 84, 36, 92, 40, 92, 36, 84, 24, 68, 4, 44, 82, 12, 46, 78, 2, 30, 56, 80, 102, 16, 34, 50, 64, 76, 86, 94, 100, 104, 0 ⁇ .
  • a number in the foregoing sequence set is equal to a number obtained after a modulo-2N operation is performed on rn(n+1) in the generation formula 1, and represents a complex-number point on a unit circle.
  • 104 in a(52) (the second element in a(52)) represents a complex number
  • each numeric value in the set may also be illustrated in a complete complex-number expression manner according to an actual requirement, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a cyclic shift may be performed on the sequences in the basic sequence set to generate a complete long training sequence set C′. For example, as described above, if the sequence length is 53, a cyclic shift of 1 to 52 positions may be performed on, for example, a(1), to generate sequences a(1, 0), . . . , a(1, t), . . . , a(1, 52), where t indicates a quantity of positions cyclically shifted.
  • a(1, 0) ⁇ 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 1) ⁇ 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 2) ⁇ 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 3) ⁇ 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 4) ⁇ 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 5) ⁇ 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 6) ⁇ 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 7) ⁇ 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 8) ⁇ 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 9) ⁇ 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 10) ⁇ 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 11) ⁇ 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 12) ⁇ 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 13) ⁇ 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 14) ⁇ 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 15) ⁇ 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 16) ⁇ 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 17) ⁇ 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 18) ⁇ 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 19) ⁇ 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 20) ⁇ 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 21) ⁇ 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 22) ⁇ 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 23) ⁇ 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 24) ⁇ 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 25) ⁇ 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 26) ⁇ 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 27) ⁇ 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 28) ⁇ 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 29) ⁇ 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 30) ⁇ 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 31) ⁇ 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 32) ⁇ 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 33) ⁇ 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 34) ⁇ 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 35) ⁇ 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 36) ⁇ 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 37) ⁇ 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 38) ⁇ 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 39) ⁇ 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 40) ⁇ 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 41) ⁇ 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 42) ⁇ 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 43) ⁇ 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 44) ⁇ 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 45) ⁇ 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 46) ⁇ 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 47) ⁇ 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 48) ⁇ 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 49) ⁇ 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 50) ⁇ 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 51) ⁇ 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6 ⁇ , and
  • a(1, 52) ⁇ 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2 ⁇ .
  • the same method may be used to perform a cyclic shift on a(2) to a(52), and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated method for determining each parameter in the method for generating the long training sequence is only an example for description.
  • a person skilled in the art may modify or select a used parameter at random according to the communications system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
  • the length of the long training sequence may be set at random.
  • the basic long training sequence set C may be directly used as a long raining sequence set C′, or cyclic shifts may be performed in a length range of the long training sequence for any times (in other words, any quantity of positions), which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a pseudo-random sequence may also be used as a basic sequence for generating multiple LTSs used by the communications system, to generate the multiple different LTSs.
  • the device A may group each receiving device in the system to determine at least one receiving device set.
  • Each receiving device in a same receiving device set is a target receiving device of same data.
  • the preset rule may include the following rules:
  • target receiving devices of the information may be located at a same geographical location. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, grouping may be performed according to the geographical location of each device in the system.
  • the geographical location may be at any level, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, for example, may be a city level, may be a province level, or may be a country level.
  • grouping may be performed according to the service type of the services accessed by the devices in the system, and in addition, the service type may be set at random, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure. For example, a video service, a web browse service, and a voice call service may be illustrated.
  • data that needs to be transmitted by a transmitting device may be the same.
  • data that can be received by the receiving device is all data of a web page type.
  • data that can be received by the receiving device all comes from the same server. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, grouping may be performed according to an access permission of each device in the system, and in addition, the access permission may be any permission, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a permission that is set according to a service type allowed to be accessed a permission that is set according to a geographical location of a receiving device, and a permission that is set according to a geographical location of a server that is allowed to be accessed by a receiving device may be illustrated.
  • grouping may be performed according to a group identifier or a cell identifier of each device in the system, and in addition, in the present disclosure, group identifiers or cell identifiers of receiving devices in a receiving device set may be the same or may be different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • transmitting devices may also be grouped at random.
  • the device A may select, according to a quantity of the determined receiving device sets, a same quantity of long training sequences from the foregoing determined long training sequence set C′, and use the long training sequences as set-use long training sequences.
  • the device A may perform one-to-one mapping on the determined receiving device sets and the determined set-use long training sequences, that is, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a receiving device set corresponds only to one set-use long training sequence, so that effect and reliability of the data transmission method in the embodiment of the present disclosure are improved.
  • the quantity of determined receiving device sets needs to be less than or equal to a quantity of long training sequences included in the determined long training sequence set.
  • the device A may transmit the foregoing determined mapping relationship (the first mapping relationship) between each receiving device set and each set-use long training sequence to each device in each receiving device set or each device in the system.
  • the first mapping relationship may be a mapping relationship between identity information of receiving devices in the receiving device set and the set-use long training sequences.
  • the device A may select identity information of a device, where the identity information of the device is used to generate the foregoing first mapping relationship.
  • the identity information of the device refers to information that can uniquely identify the device when the communications system in the embodiment of the present disclosure is used. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the identity information may be factory-set information in the device, or may be allocated by the system to the device, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the identity information may include information such as a Media Access Control (MAC, Media Access Control) address, an Internet Protocol (IP, Internet Protocol) address, a basic service set identifier (BSSID, Basic Service Set Identifier), an association identifier (AID, Association Identifier), a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI, International Mobile Subscriber Identity), and an international mobile equipment identity (IMEI, International Mobile Equipment Identity).
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • AID Association Identifier
  • a mobile phone number an international mobile subscriber identity
  • IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identity
  • the device A may select and use identity information that can uniquely identify the terminal device in each communications system. Therefore, all terminal devices that can be identified by the identity information may be considered as devices connected to and using the communications system in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the MAC address.
  • the MAC address includes 48 bits, where:
  • an organization unique identifier occupies b 24 to b 47 bits of the MAC address, is allocated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and may be understood as an identifier of a device manufacturer; and
  • a product serial number occupies bits b 0 to b 23 of the MAC address, and is allocated by a device manufacturer.
  • the organization unique identifier and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • the whole MAC address (another example of the third sub-identity information) and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the first mapping relationship in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the system For example, in a wireless local area network, for receiving devices that access a same access point (AP, Access Point), the system allocates a same Group ID (an example of the grouping information).
  • AP access point
  • Access Point For example, for receiving devices that access a same access point (AP, Access Point), the system allocates a same Group ID (an example of the grouping information).
  • the system allocates a same Cell ID (another example of the grouping information).
  • the grouping information and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • the foregoing Table 2 shows another example of the first mapping relationship in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the feature information and the set-use long training sequence may be used to constitute the first mapping relationship.
  • the foregoing Table 3 shows still another example of the first mapping relationship in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the device A may notify (for example, by using first indication information) each receiving device in the system of receiving devices included in each receiving device set that are determined by the device A. Therefore, each receiving device may determine the receiving device set to which each receiving device belongs, and determine, according to the foregoing first indication information, a set-use long training sequence corresponding to the receiving device set.
  • the device A When the device A needs to transmit data (the first data) to a receiving device set (the target receiving device set), the device A performs encapsulation processing on the data that needs to be transmitted, to generate a data packet (the first data packet).
  • the used long training sequence (the target set-use long training sequence) is different from a long training sequence used in the prior art, herein a process for generating a long training sequence symbol is mainly described in detail.
  • direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • subcarriers with “a quantity same as the quantity of elements in the long training sequence” are selected from the indirect-current carrier components, and the elements in the long training sequence are mapped to the selected subcarriers one by one.
  • a specific numeric value or a cyclic shift element of the long training sequence is inserted in the remaining subcarriers. For example, a numeric value “1” is inserted, used by the receiving device for channel estimation; or a numeric value “0” may be inserted, that is, no information is transmitted on the subcarriers.
  • one-to-one mapping may be performed on the elements in the long training sequence and the subcarriers, and afterward the direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • elements with “a quantity same as the quantity of subcarriers” may be selected from the elements in the long training sequence. Afterward, one-to-one mapping is performed on the selected elements and the subcarriers. Finally, the direct-current carrier components are set to 0.
  • the device A may add the target set-use long training sequence to the long training sequence field (field) in the physical layer of the data packet, and then transmit the data packet to each receiving device.
  • the device A may transmit the first data packet to each device (including the target receiving device set) in the system in a broadcast manner over an air interface.
  • the method and process for transmitting the data packet may be the same as those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • a device (hereinafter for ease of understanding and description, unless otherwise specified, a device C is used as an example for describing an action of the receiving device) that can receive the first indication information and the first data packet may determine the first mapping information in step S 210 . It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the device C may determine the first mapping relationship by itself by using the same method and process used by the device A, or may receive second indication information transmitted by the device A, and determine the foregoing first mapping relationship according to the second indication information.
  • the determining, by a first receiving device in at least one receiving device in a communications system, a first mapping relationship includes:
  • the device C may determine a receiving device set (the first receiving device set) to which the device C belongs.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device; and
  • the determining, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs includes:
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • grouping may be performed according to a group identifier or a cell identifier of each device in the system, and in addition, in the present disclosure, group identifiers or cell identifiers of receiving devices in a receiving device set may be the same or may be different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the device C may determine the first receiving device set according to the grouping information of the device C.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information:
  • a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device
  • the determining, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs includes:
  • target receiving devices of the information may be located at a same geographical location. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, grouping may be performed according to the geographical location of each device in the system.
  • the geographical location may be at any level, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, for example, may be a city level, may be a province level, or may be a country level.
  • grouping may be performed according to the service type of the services accessed by the devices in the system, and in addition, the service type may be set at random, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure. For example, a video service, a web browse service, and a voice call service may be illustrated.
  • data that needs to be transmitted by a transmitting device may be the same.
  • data that can be received by the receiving device is all data of a web page type.
  • data that can be received by the receiving device all comes from the same server. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, grouping may be performed according to an access permission of each device in the system, and in addition, the access permission may be any permission, and is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a permission that is set according to a service type allowed to be accessed a permission that is set according to a geographical location of a receiving device, and a permission that is set according to a geographical location of a server that is allowed to be accessed by a receiving device may be illustrated.
  • the device C may determine the first receiving device set according to the feature information of the device C.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to data that needs to be transmitted, where same data needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device to each receiving device in a same receiving device set;
  • the determining, from the at least one receiving device set, a first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs includes:
  • the first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set
  • the device A may determine each receiving device (hereinafter for ease of description, referred to as a to-be-communicated receiving device for short) to which data needs to be transmitted in a specified time period, and group the to-be-communicated receiving devices according to the data that needs to be transmitted, that is, group, into a same receiving device set, to-be-communicated receiving devices to which same data needs to be transmitted.
  • a to-be-communicated receiving device for short
  • each receiving device in the system cannot know a receiving device set to which each receiving device belongs. Therefore, the device A needs to further transmit information (the first indication information) indicating receiving devices included in each receiving device set, to each receiving device in the system. Therefore, each receiving device in the system may determine, according to the first indication information, the receiving device set to which each receiving device belongs.
  • the first indication information may be specifically a part or all of identity information of the receiving devices included in each receiving device set.
  • the device C may receive the first data packet transmitted by the device A, and may acquire, from the first data packet, the first long training sequence symbol indicating the target set-use long training sequence.
  • step S 240 the device C may parse the first long training sequence symbol to acquire the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the device C may determine whether the device C belongs to the receiving device set corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence, or determine whether the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet that carries the target set-use long training sequence.
  • processing the first data packet according to the target set-use long training sequence, the first receiving device set, and the first mapping relationship includes:
  • the first set-use long training sequence is the same as the target set-use long training sequence, acquiring the first data from the first data packet;
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, and the third sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between a set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information of each receiving device in a receiving device set (an example of the first mapping relationship)
  • third sub-identity information of the device C is the same as third sub-identity information (recorded in the first mapping relationship) corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence
  • the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet that carries the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the method for selecting the third sub-identity information by the receiving device needs to be consistent with the method for selecting the third sub-identity information by the transmitting device.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device; and
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and grouping information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between a set-use long training sequence and grouping information of each receiving device in a receiving device set (another example of the first mapping relationship)
  • grouping information of the device C is the same as grouping information (recorded in the first mapping relationship) corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence
  • the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet that carries the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information:
  • a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and feature information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between a set-use long training sequence and feature information of each receiving device in a receiving device set (still another example of the first mapping relationship)
  • feature information of the device C is the same as feature information (recorded in the first mapping relationship) corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence
  • the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet that carries the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the device C may parse the data packet to acquire data.
  • the device C may discard the data packet.
  • processing the first data packet according to the target set-use long training sequence, the first receiving device set, and the first mapping relationship includes:
  • the first receiving device set is the same as the target receiving device set, acquiring the first data from the first data packet;
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, and the third sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between a set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information of each receiving device in a receiving device set (an example of the first mapping relationship)
  • the device C may find, from the first mapping relationship, (one or more pieces of) third sub-identity information corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence, and the found third sub-identity information (any one of multiple pieces of third sub-identity information) is the same as the third sub-identity information of the device C, the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet that carries the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the method for selecting the third sub-identity information by the receiving device needs to be consistent with the method for selecting the third sub-identity information by the transmitting device.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device; and
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and grouping information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between a set-use long training sequence and grouping information of each receiving device in a receiving device set (another example of the first mapping relationship)
  • the device C may find, from the first mapping relationship, (one or more pieces of) grouping information corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence, and the found grouping information (any one of multiple pieces of grouping information) is the same as the grouping information of the device C, the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet that carries the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information:
  • a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and feature information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between a set-use long training sequence and feature information of each receiving device in a receiving device set (still another example of the first mapping relationship)
  • the device C may find, from the first mapping relationship, (one or more pieces of) feature information corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence, and the found feature information (any one of multiple pieces of feature information) is the same as the feature information of the device C, the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet that carries the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the device C may parse the data packet to acquire data.
  • the device C may discard the data packet.
  • a transmitting device notifies each receiving device in a communications system of a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and each receiving device group; a first receiving device may determine a first set-use long training sequence corresponding to a receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs; when the transmitting device needs to transmit data to a target device, a target set-use long training sequence corresponding to the target device may be carried in a physical layer of a data packet; therefore, the first receiving device may process the data packet according to a relationship between the first set-use long training sequence and the target set-use long training sequence, so that the first receiving device can determine, on condition that the first receiving device parses only a long training sequence field in the physical layer, whether the first receiving device is a target receiving device of the data packet. Therefore, burden of the receiving device can be reduced, waste of hardware resources can be reduced, and user experience can be improved.
  • the method further includes:
  • the second mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each long training sequence in a long training sequence subset and first sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in the communications system, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, the first sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information, the long training sequence subset belongs to the long training sequence set, and the long training sequence subset does not include the first set-use long training sequence;
  • the transmitting device when receiving a second data packet transmitted by the transmitting device, acquiring a second long training sequence symbol carried in a long training sequence field in a physical layer of the second data packet, where the second long training sequence symbol is used to indicate a target long training sequence, where the target long training sequence is selected by the transmitting device from the long training sequence subset according to first sub-identity information of a target receiving device of the second data packet and the second mapping relationship;
  • the device C (an example of the first receiving device, for example, may be an AP or a STA) in the communications system may predetermine a long training sequence set including multiple long training sequences (LTSs, Long Training Sequences).
  • LTSs Long Training Sequences
  • the long training sequence set may be generated by each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system according to a preset rule, or may be generated by an external device independent of the receiving device and the transmitting device according to the preset rule and delivered to each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system.
  • the device A as an execution entity to describe a method and a process for generating the long training sequence set.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences:
  • a polyphase perfect sequence for example, a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence, for example, an m sequence.
  • polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, a Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the like.
  • the sequence with good correlation properties may be used as the LTS. Therefore, the receiving device may use the good autocorrelation properties and cross-correlation properties of the LTS to accurately determine whether the LTS allocated by the system to the receiving device is the same as the LTS carried in the data packet, and therefore, can determine whether the receiving device is the target receiving device of the data packet (this process is described later in detail).
  • properties (for example, formula generation) of the polyphase perfect sequence can be used to generate multiple LTSs quickly and conveniently and determine a mapping relationship between the multiple LTSs and receiving devices (specifically, first sub-identity information of each receiving device) (this process is described later in detail).
  • the sequences with good correlation properties may include a polyphase perfect sequence, a Gold sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence with good correlation properties.
  • properties, concepts, and the like of the polyphase perfect sequence, the Gold sequence, and the pseudo-random sequence may be similar to those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated sequences used as the sequences with good correlation properties are only examples for description, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Other sequences with good correlation properties all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • the polyphase perfect sequence, a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Frank sequence, a Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the like properties, concepts, and the like of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the Frank sequence, or the Combined Frank/Zadoff-Chu sequence may be similar to those in the prior art (for example, a sequence length of the Frank sequence can only be the square of a natural number), and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • a sequence length of the Frank sequence can only be the square of a natural number
  • description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated sequences used as the polyphase perfect sequence are only examples for description, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • sequences that can be used as the polyphase perfect sequence namely, sequences that have ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties, all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • sequences that have ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
  • the following uses the Zadoff-Chu sequence as a long training sequence to describe a process for generating the long training sequence set in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a long training sequence set with multiple LTSs may be generated according to the properties of the polyphase perfect sequence (herein, specifically, properties of the Zadoff-Chu sequence) by using a conventional Zadoff-Chu sequence generation formula.
  • a length of the Zadoff-Chu sequence may be set according to a preset rule, and a basic long training sequence set C may be determined according to the determined sequence length and the foregoing formula 1.
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • each element in the long training sequence can correspond to each subcarrier on a one-to-one basis, and therefore, accuracy of channel estimation is improved.
  • the device C may determine a system bandwidth.
  • the device C may acquire a bandwidth parameter (CH_BANDWIDTH) from a transceiver (TRX, Transceiver), determine the system bandwidth according to the bandwidth parameter, and further determine the quantity of available subcarriers in the system.
  • CH_BANDWIDTH bandwidth parameter
  • TRX Transceiver
  • the quantity of available subcarriers in the system is 53.
  • a quantity of sequences included in the sequence set can be as great as possible if the sequence length is less than or equal to a quantity of subcarriers, and therefore a quantity of represented receiving devices can be increased.
  • the sequence length is set to 53.
  • a(1) ⁇ 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(2) ⁇ 0, 4, 12, 24, 40, 60, 84, 6, 38, 74, 8, 52, 100, 46, 102, 56, 14, 82, 48, 18, 98, 76, 58, 44, 34, 28, 26, 28, 34, 44, 58, 76, 98, 18, 48, 82, 14, 56, 102, 46, 100, 52, 8, 74, 38, 6, 84, 60, 40, 24, 12, 4, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(3) ⁇ 0, 6, 18, 36, 60, 90, 20, 62, 4, 58, 12, 78, 44, 16, 100, 84, 74, 70, 72, 80, 94, 8, 34, 66, 104, 42, 92, 42, 104, 66, 34, 8, 94, 80, 72, 70, 74, 84, 100, 16, 44, 78, 12, 58, 4, 62, 20, 90, 60, 36, 18, 6, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(4) ⁇ 0, 8, 24, 48, 80, 14, 62, 12, 76, 42, 16, 104, 94, 92, 98, 6, 28, 58, 96, 36, 90, 46, 10, 88, 68, 56, 52, 56, 68, 88, 10, 46, 90, 36, 96, 58, 28, 6, 98, 92, 94, 104, 16, 42, 76, 12, 62, 14, 80, 48, 24, 8, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(5) ⁇ 0, 10, 30, 60, 100, 44, 104, 68, 42, 26, 20, 24, 38, 62, 96, 34, 88, 46, 14, 98, 86, 84, 92, 4, 32, 70, 12, 70, 32, 4, 92, 84, 86, 98, 14, 46, 88, 34, 96, 62, 38, 24, 20, 26, 42, 68, 104, 44, 100, 60, 30, 10, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(6) ⁇ 0, 12, 36, 72, 14, 74, 40, 18, 8, 10, 24, 50, 88, 32, 94, 62, 42, 34, 38, 54, 82, 16, 68, 26, 102, 84, 78, 84, 102, 26, 68, 16, 82, 54, 38, 34, 42, 62, 94, 32, 88, 50, 24, 10, 8, 18, 40, 74, 14, 72, 36, 12, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(7) ⁇ 0, 14, 42, 84, 34, 104, 82, 74, 80, 100, 28, 76, 32, 2, 92, 90, 102, 22, 62, 10, 78, 54, 44, 48, 66, 98, 38, 98, 66, 48, 44, 54, 78, 10, 62, 22, 102, 90, 92, 2, 32, 76, 28, 100, 80, 74, 82, 104, 34, 84, 42, 14, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(8) ⁇ 0, 16, 48, 96, 54, 28, 18, 24, 46, 84, 32, 102, 82, 78, 90, 12, 56, 10, 86, 72, 74, 92, 20, 70, 30, 6, 104, 6, 30, 70, 20, 92, 74, 72, 86, 10, 56, 12, 90, 78, 82, 102, 32, 84, 46, 24, 18, 28, 54, 96, 48, 16, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(9) ⁇ 0, 18, 54, 2, 74, 58, 60, 80, 12, 68, 36, 22, 26, 48, 88, 40, 10, 104, 4, 28, 70, 24, 102, 92, 100, 20, 64, 20, 100, 92, 102, 24, 70, 28, 4, 104, 10, 40, 88, 48, 26, 22, 36, 68, 12, 80, 60, 58, 74, 2, 54, 18, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(10) ⁇ 0, 20, 60, 14, 94, 88, 102, 30, 84, 52, 40, 48, 76, 18, 86, 68, 70, 92, 28, 90, 66, 62, 78, 8, 64, 34, 24, 34, 64, 8, 78, 62, 66, 90, 28, 92, 70, 68, 86, 18, 76, 48, 40, 52, 84, 30, 102, 88, 94, 14, 60, 20, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(11) ⁇ 0, 22, 66, 26, 8, 12, 38, 86, 50, 36, 44, 74, 20, 94, 84, 96, 24, 80, 52, 46, 62, 100, 54, 30, 28, 48, 90, 48, 28, 30, 54, 100, 62, 46, 52, 80, 24, 96, 84, 94, 20, 74, 44, 36, 50, 86, 38, 12, 8, 26, 66, 22, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(12) ⁇ 0, 24, 72, 38, 28, 42, 80, 36, 16, 20, 48, 100, 70, 64, 82, 18, 84, 68, 76, 2, 58, 32, 30, 52, 98, 62, 50, 62, 98, 52, 30, 32, 58, 2, 76, 68, 84, 18, 82, 64, 70, 100, 48, 20, 16, 36, 80, 42, 28, 38, 72, 24, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(13) ⁇ 0, 26, 78, 50, 48, 72, 16, 92, 88, 4, 52, 20, 14, 34, 80, 46, 38, 56, 100, 64, 54, 70, 6, 74, 62, 76, 10, 76, 62, 74, 6, 70, 54, 64, 100, 56, 38, 46, 80, 34, 14, 20, 52, 4, 88, 92, 16, 72, 48, 50, 78, 26, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(14) ⁇ 0, 28, 84, 62, 68, 102, 58, 42, 54, 94, 56, 46, 64, 4, 78, 74, 98, 44, 18, 20, 50, 2, 88, 96, 26, 90, 76, 90, 26, 96, 88, 2, 50, 20, 18, 44, 98, 74, 78, 4, 64, 46, 56, 94, 54, 42, 58, 102, 68, 62, 84, 28, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(15) ⁇ 0, 30, 90, 74, 88, 26, 100, 98, 20, 78, 60, 72, 8, 80, 76, 102, 52, 32, 42, 82, 46, 40, 64, 12, 96, 104, 36, 104, 96, 12, 64, 40, 46, 82, 42, 32, 52, 102, 76, 80, 8, 72, 60, 78, 20, 98, 100, 26, 88, 74, 90, 30, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(16) ⁇ 0, 32, 96, 86, 2, 56, 36, 48, 92, 62, 64, 98, 58, 50, 74, 24, 6, 20, 66, 38, 42, 78, 40, 34, 60, 12, 102, 12, 60, 34, 40, 78, 42, 38, 66, 20, 6, 24, 74, 50, 58, 98, 64, 62, 92, 48, 36, 56, 2, 86, 96, 32, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(17) ⁇ 0, 34, 102, 98, 22, 86, 78, 104, 58, 46, 68, 18, 2, 20, 72, 52, 66, 8, 90, 100, 38, 10, 16, 56, 24, 26, 62, 26, 24, 56, 16, 10, 38, 100, 90, 8, 66, 52, 72, 20, 2, 18, 68, 46, 58, 104, 78, 86, 22, 98, 102, 34, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(18) ⁇ 0, 36, 2, 4, 42, 10, 14, 54, 24, 30, 72, 44, 52, 96, 70, 80, 20, 102, 8, 56, 34, 48, 98, 78, 94, 40, 22, 40, 94, 78, 98, 48, 34, 56, 8, 102, 20, 80, 70, 96, 52, 44, 72, 30, 24, 54, 14, 10, 42, 4, 2, 36, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(19) ⁇ 0, 38, 8, 16, 62, 40, 56, 4, 96, 14, 76, 70, 102, 66, 68, 2, 80, 90, 32, 12, 30, 86, 74, 100, 58, 54, 88, 54, 58, 100, 74, 86, 30, 12, 32, 90, 80, 2, 68, 66, 102, 70, 76, 14, 96, 4, 56, 40, 62, 16, 8, 38, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(20) ⁇ 0, 40, 14, 28, 82, 70, 98, 60, 62, 104, 80, 96, 46, 36, 66, 30, 34, 78, 56, 74, 26, 18, 50, 16, 22, 68, 48, 68, 22, 16, 50, 18, 26, 74, 56, 78, 34, 30, 66, 36, 46, 96, 80, 104, 62, 60, 98, 70, 82, 28, 14, 40, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(21) ⁇ 0, 42, 20, 40, 102, 100, 34, 10, 28, 88, 84, 16, 96, 6, 64, 58, 94, 66, 80, 30, 22, 56, 26, 38, 92, 82, 8, 82, 92, 38, 26, 56, 22, 30, 80, 66, 94, 58, 64, 6, 96, 16, 84, 88, 28, 10, 34, 100, 102, 40, 20, 42, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(22) ⁇ 0, 44, 26, 52, 16, 24, 76, 66, 100, 72, 88, 42, 40, 82, 62, 86, 48, 54, 104, 92, 18, 94, 2, 60, 56, 96, 74, 96, 56, 60, 2, 94, 18, 92, 104, 54, 48, 86, 62, 82, 40, 42, 88, 72, 100, 66, 76, 24, 16, 52, 26, 44, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(23) ⁇ 0, 46, 32, 64, 36, 54, 12, 16, 66, 56, 92, 68, 90, 52, 60, 8, 2, 42, 22, 48, 14, 26, 84, 82, 20, 4, 34, 4, 20, 82, 84, 26, 14, 48, 22, 42, 2, 8, 60, 52, 90, 68, 92, 56, 66, 16, 12, 54, 36, 64, 32, 46, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(24) ⁇ 0, 48, 38, 76, 56, 84, 54, 72, 32, 40, 96, 94, 34, 22, 58, 36, 62, 30, 46, 4, 10, 64, 60, 104, 90, 18, 100, 18, 90, 104, 60, 64, 10, 4, 46, 30, 62, 36, 58, 22, 34, 94, 96, 40, 32, 72, 54, 84, 56, 76, 38, 48, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(25) ⁇ 0, 50, 44, 88, 76, 8, 96, 22, 104, 24, 100, 14, 84, 98, 56, 64, 16, 18, 70, 66, 6, 102, 36, 20, 54, 32, 60, 32, 54, 20, 36, 102, 6, 66, 70, 18, 16, 64, 56, 98, 84, 14, 100, 24, 104, 22, 96, 8, 76, 88, 44, 50, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(26) ⁇ 0, 52, 50, 100, 96, 38, 32, 78, 70, 8, 104, 40, 28, 68, 54, 92, 76, 6, 94, 22, 2, 34, 12, 42, 18, 46, 20, 46, 18, 42, 12, 34, 2, 22, 94, 6, 76, 92, 54, 68, 28, 40, 104, 8, 70, 78, 32, 38, 96, 100, 50, 52, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(27) ⁇ 0, 54, 56, 6, 10, 68, 74, 28, 36, 98, 2, 66, 78, 38, 52, 14, 30, 100, 12, 84, 104, 72, 94, 64, 88, 60, 86, 60, 88, 64, 94, 72, 104, 84, 12, 100, 30, 14, 52, 38, 78, 66, 2, 98, 36, 28, 74, 68, 10, 6, 56, 54, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(28) ⁇ 0, 56, 62, 18, 30, 98, 10, 84, 2, 82, 6, 92, 22, 8, 50, 42, 90, 88, 36, 40, 100, 4, 70, 86, 52, 74, 46, 74, 52, 86, 70, 4, 100, 40, 36, 88, 90, 42, 50, 8, 22, 92, 6, 82, 2, 84, 10, 98, 30, 18, 62, 56, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(29) ⁇ 0, 58, 68, 30, 50, 22, 52, 34, 74, 66, 10, 12, 72, 84, 48, 70, 44, 76, 60, 102, 96, 42, 46, 2, 16, 88, 6, 88, 16, 2, 46, 42, 96, 102, 60, 76, 44, 70, 48, 84, 72, 12, 10, 66, 74, 34, 52, 22, 50, 30, 68, 58, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(30) ⁇ 0, 60, 74, 42, 70, 52, 94, 90, 40, 50, 14, 38, 16, 54, 46, 98, 104, 64, 84, 58, 92, 80, 22, 24, 86, 102, 72, 102, 86, 24, 22, 80, 92, 58, 84, 64, 104, 98, 46, 54, 16, 38, 14, 50, 40, 90, 94, 52, 70, 42, 74, 60, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(31) ⁇ 0, 62, 80, 54, 90, 82, 30, 40, 6, 34, 18, 64, 66, 24, 44, 20, 58, 52, 2, 14, 88, 12, 104, 46, 50, 10, 32, 10, 50, 46, 104, 12, 88, 14, 2, 52, 58, 20, 44, 24, 66, 64, 18, 34, 6, 40, 30, 82, 90, 54, 80, 62, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(32) ⁇ 0, 64, 86, 66, 4, 6, 72, 96, 78, 18, 22, 90, 10, 100, 42, 48, 12, 40, 26, 76, 84, 50, 80, 68, 14, 24, 98, 24, 14, 68, 80, 50, 84, 76, 26, 40, 12, 48, 42, 100, 10, 90, 22, 18, 78, 96, 72, 6, 4, 66, 86, 64, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(33) ⁇ 0, 66, 92, 78, 24, 36, 8, 46, 44, 2, 26, 10, 60, 70, 40, 76, 72, 28, 50, 32, 80, 88, 56, 90, 84, 38, 58, 38, 84, 90, 56, 88, 80, 32, 50, 28, 72, 76, 40, 70, 60, 10, 26, 2, 44, 46, 8, 36, 24, 78, 92, 66, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(34) ⁇ 0, 68, 98, 90, 44, 66, 50, 102, 10, 92, 30, 36, 4, 40, 38, 104, 26, 16, 74, 94, 76, 20, 32, 6, 48, 52, 18, 52, 48, 6, 32, 20, 76, 94, 74, 16, 26, 104, 38, 40, 4, 36, 30, 92, 10, 102, 50, 66, 44, 90, 98, 68, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(35) ⁇ 0, 70, 104, 102, 64, 96, 92, 52, 82, 76, 34, 62, 54, 10, 36, 26, 86, 4, 98, 50, 72, 58, 8, 28, 12, 66, 84, 66, 12, 28, 8, 58, 72, 50, 98, 4, 86, 26, 36, 10, 54, 62, 34, 76, 82, 52, 92, 96, 64, 102, 104, 70, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(36) ⁇ 0, 72, 4, 8, 84, 20, 28, 2, 48, 60, 38, 88, 104, 86, 34, 54, 40, 98, 16, 6, 68, 96, 90, 50, 82, 80, 44, 80, 82, 50, 90, 96, 68, 6, 16, 98, 40, 54, 34, 86, 104, 88, 38, 60, 48, 2, 28, 20, 84, 8, 4, 72, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(37) ⁇ 0, 74, 10, 20, 104, 50, 70, 58, 14, 44, 42, 8, 48, 56, 32, 82, 100, 86, 40, 68, 64, 28, 66, 72, 46, 94, 4, 94, 46, 72, 66, 28, 64, 68, 40, 86, 100, 82, 32, 56, 48, 8, 42, 44, 14, 58, 70, 50, 104, 20, 10, 74, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(38) ⁇ 0, 76, 16, 32, 18, 80, 6, 8, 86, 28, 46, 34, 98, 26, 30, 4, 54, 74, 64, 24, 60, 66, 42, 94, 10, 2, 70, 2, 10, 94, 42, 66, 60, 24, 64, 74, 54, 4, 30, 26, 98, 34, 46, 28, 86, 8, 6, 80, 18, 32, 16, 76, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(39) ⁇ 0, 78, 22, 44, 38, 4, 48, 64, 52, 12, 50, 60, 42, 102, 28, 32, 8, 62, 88, 86, 56, 104, 18, 10, 80, 16, 30, 16, 80, 10, 18, 104, 56, 86, 88, 62, 8, 32, 28, 102, 42, 60, 50, 12, 52, 64, 48, 4, 38, 44, 22, 78, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(40) ⁇ 0, 80, 28, 56, 58, 34, 90, 14, 18, 102, 54, 86, 92, 72, 26, 60, 68, 50, 6, 42, 52, 36, 100, 32, 44, 30, 96, 30, 44, 32, 100, 36, 52, 42, 6, 50, 68, 60, 26, 72, 92, 86, 54, 102, 18, 14, 90, 34, 58, 56, 28, 80, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(41) ⁇ 0, 82, 34, 68, 78, 64, 26, 70, 90, 86, 58, 6, 36, 42, 24, 88, 22, 38, 30, 104, 48, 74, 76, 54, 8, 44, 56, 44, 8, 54, 76, 74, 48, 104, 30, 38, 22, 88, 24, 42, 36, 6, 58, 86, 90, 70, 26, 64, 78, 68, 34, 82, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(42) ⁇ 0, 84, 40, 80, 98, 94, 68, 20, 56, 70, 62, 32, 86, 12, 22, 10, 82, 26, 54, 60, 44, 6, 52, 76, 78, 58, 16, 58, 78, 76, 52, 6, 44, 60, 54, 26, 82, 10, 22, 12, 86, 32, 62, 70, 56, 20, 68, 94, 98, 80, 40, 84, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(43) ⁇ 0, 86, 46, 92, 12, 18, 4, 76, 22, 54, 66, 58, 30, 88, 20, 38, 36, 14, 78, 16, 40, 44, 28, 98, 42, 72, 82, 72, 42, 98, 28, 44, 40, 16, 78, 14, 36, 38, 20, 88, 30, 58, 66, 54, 22, 76, 4, 18, 12, 92, 46, 86, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(44) ⁇ 0, 88, 52, 104, 32, 48, 46, 26, 94, 38, 70, 84, 80, 58, 18, 66, 96, 2, 102, 78, 36, 82, 4, 14, 6, 86, 42, 86, 6, 14, 4, 82, 36, 78, 102, 2, 96, 66, 18, 58, 80, 84, 70, 38, 94, 26, 46, 48, 32, 104, 52, 88, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(45) ⁇ 0, 90, 58, 10, 52, 78, 88, 82, 60, 22, 74, 4, 24, 28, 16, 94, 50, 96, 20, 34, 32, 14, 86, 36, 76, 100, 2, 100, 76, 36, 86, 14, 32, 34, 20, 96, 50, 94, 16, 28, 24, 4, 74, 22, 60, 82, 88, 78, 52, 10, 58, 90, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(46) ⁇ 0, 92, 64, 22, 72, 2, 24, 32, 26, 6, 78, 30, 74, 104, 14, 16, 4, 84, 44, 96, 28, 52, 62, 58, 40, 8, 68, 8, 40, 58, 62, 52, 28, 96, 44, 84, 4, 16, 14, 104, 74, 30, 78, 6, 26, 32, 24, 2, 72, 22, 64, 92, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(47) ⁇ 0, 94, 70, 34, 92, 32, 66, 88, 98, 96, 82, 56, 18, 74, 12, 44, 64, 72, 68, 52, 24, 90, 38, 80, 4, 22, 28, 22, 4, 80, 38, 90, 24, 52, 68, 72, 64, 44, 12, 74, 18, 56, 82, 96, 98, 88, 66, 32, 92, 34, 70, 94, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(48) ⁇ 0, 96, 76, 46, 6, 62, 2, 38, 64, 80, 86, 82, 68, 44, 10, 72, 18, 60, 92, 8, 20, 22, 14, 102, 74, 36, 94, 36, 74, 102, 14, 22, 20, 8, 92, 60, 18, 72, 10, 44, 68, 82, 86, 80, 64, 38, 2, 62, 6, 46, 76, 96, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(49) ⁇ 0, 98, 82, 58, 26, 92, 44, 94, 30, 64, 90, 2, 12, 14, 8, 100, 78, 48, 10, 70, 16, 60, 96, 18, 38, 50, 54, 50, 38, 18, 96, 60, 16, 70, 10, 48, 78, 100, 8, 14, 12, 2, 90, 64, 30, 94, 44, 92, 26, 58, 82, 98, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(50) ⁇ 0, 100, 88, 70, 46, 16, 86, 44, 102, 48, 94, 28, 62, 90, 6, 22, 32, 36, 34, 26, 12, 98, 72, 40, 2, 64, 14, 64, 2, 40, 72, 98, 12, 26, 34, 36, 32, 22, 6, 90, 62, 28, 94, 48, 102, 44, 86, 16, 46, 70, 88, 100, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(51) ⁇ 0, 102, 94, 82, 66, 46, 22, 100, 68, 32, 98, 54, 6, 60, 4, 50, 92, 24, 58, 88, 8, 30, 48, 62, 72, 78, 80, 78, 72, 62, 48, 30, 8, 88, 58, 24, 92, 50, 4, 60, 6, 54, 98, 32, 68, 100, 22, 46, 66, 82, 94, 102, 0 ⁇ , and
  • a(52) ⁇ 0, 104, 100, 94, 86, 76, 64, 50, 34, 16, 102, 80, 56, 30, 2, 78, 46, 12, 82, 44, 4, 68, 24, 84, 36, 92, 40, 92, 36, 84, 24, 68, 4, 44, 82, 12, 46, 78, 2, 30, 56, 80, 102, 16, 34, 50, 64, 76, 86, 94, 100, 104, 0 ⁇ .
  • a number in the foregoing sequence set is equal to a number obtained after a modulo-2N operation is performed on rn(n+1) in the generation formula 1, and represents a complex-number point on a unit circle.
  • 104 in a(52) (the second element in a(52)) represents a complex number
  • each numeric value in the set may also be illustrated in a complete complex-number expression manner according to an actual requirement, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a cyclic shift may be performed on the sequences in the basic sequence set to generate a complete long training sequence set C′. For example, as described above, if the sequence length is 53, a cyclic shift of 1 to 52 positions may be performed on, for example, a(1), to generate sequences a(1, 0), . . . , a(1, t), . . . , a(1, 52), where t indicates a quantity of positions cyclically shifted.
  • a(1, 0) ⁇ 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 1) ⁇ 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 2) ⁇ 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 3) ⁇ 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 4) ⁇ 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 5) ⁇ 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 6) ⁇ 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 7) ⁇ 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 8) ⁇ 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 9) ⁇ 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 10) ⁇ 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 11) ⁇ 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 12) ⁇ 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 13) ⁇ 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 14) ⁇ 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 15) ⁇ 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 16) ⁇ 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 17) ⁇ 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 18) ⁇ 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 19) ⁇ 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 20) ⁇ 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 21) ⁇ 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 22) ⁇ 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 23) ⁇ 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 24) ⁇ 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 25) ⁇ 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 26) ⁇ 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 27) ⁇ 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 28) ⁇ 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 29) ⁇ 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 30) ⁇ 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 31) ⁇ 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 32) ⁇ 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 33) ⁇ 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 34) ⁇ 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 35) ⁇ 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 36) ⁇ 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 37) ⁇ 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 38) ⁇ 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 39) ⁇ 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 40) ⁇ 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 41) ⁇ 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 42) ⁇ 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 43) ⁇ 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 44) ⁇ 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 45) ⁇ 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 46) ⁇ 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 47) ⁇ 30, 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 48) ⁇ 20, 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 49) ⁇ 12, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 50) ⁇ 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12 ⁇ ,
  • a(1, 51) ⁇ 2, 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6 ⁇ , and
  • a(1, 52) ⁇ 0, 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 4, 26, 50, 76, 104, 28, 60, 94, 24, 62, 102, 38, 82, 22, 70, 14, 66, 14, 70, 22, 82, 38, 102, 62, 24, 94, 60, 28, 104, 76, 50, 26, 4, 90, 72, 56, 42, 30, 20, 12, 6, 2 ⁇ .
  • the same method may be used to perform a cyclic shift on a(2) to a(52), and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the foregoing illustrated method for determining each parameter in the method for generating the long training sequence is only an example for description.
  • a person skilled in the art may modify or select a used parameter at random according to the communications system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
  • the length of the long training sequence may be set at random.
  • the basic long training sequence set C may be directly used as a long raining sequence set C′, or cyclic shifts may be performed in a length range of the long training sequence for any times (in other words, any quantity of positions), which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • a pseudo-random sequence may also be used as a basic sequence for generating multiple LTSs used by the communications system, to generate the multiple different LTSs.
  • the device C may determine a mapping relationship (the second mapping relationship) between a long training sequence set C′′ constituted by all long training sequences, except the first set-use long training sequence, in the foregoing acquired long training sequence set C′ and each terminal device in the system.
  • the foregoing second mapping relationship may be generated by each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system according to a preset rule, or may be generated by an external device independent of the receiving device and the transmitting device according to the preset rule and delivered to each device (including the receiving device and the transmitting device) in the system.
  • the device C uses the device C as an execution entity to describe in detail a method and a process for determining the mapping relationship between the long training sequence set C′′ and each terminal device in the system (specifically, a part or all of identity information of the terminal device, which is described later in detail).
  • First the device C may select identity information of a device, where the identity information of the device is used to generate the foregoing mapping relationship.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information:
  • a Media Access Control MAC address an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • the identity information of the device refers to information that can uniquely identify the device when the communications system in the embodiment of the present disclosure is used. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the identity information may be factory-set information in the device, or may be allocated by the system to the device, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the identity information may include information such as a Media Access Control (MAC, Media Access Control) address, an Internet Protocol (IP, Internet Protocol) address, a basic service set identifier (BSSID, Basic Service Set Identifier), an association identifier (AID, Association Identifier), a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI, International Mobile Subscriber Identity), and an international mobile equipment identity (IMEI, International Mobile Equipment Identity).
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • AID Association Identifier
  • a mobile phone number an international mobile subscriber identity
  • IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identity
  • the device C may acquire a quantity of terminal devices connected to the system and identity information (for example, BSSIDs or AIDs) of the terminal devices, and therefore may generate a mapping relationship between the identity information of the terminal devices and long training sequences according to the quantity of the terminal devices and the quantity of the foregoing generated long training sequences. For example:
  • long training sequences with a quantity same as the quantity of the terminal devices may be selected, where the long training sequences correspond to the identity information of the terminal devices on a one-to-one basis.
  • the long training sequences may correspond to the identity information of the terminal devices on a one-to-one basis.
  • some or all of the long training sequences may correspond to a part of the identity information of the terminal devices (an example of the first sub-identity information).
  • a part or all of the remaining part is carried in other fields in the physical layer, which is described later in detail.
  • each device in the system needs to communicate in real time or periodically with a management device or the like in the system, to determine the identity information of the terminal devices connected to the system and adjust the foregoing mapping relationship, which increases device burden and occupies communication resources.
  • identity information that can uniquely identify the terminal device in each communications system may be selected and used. Therefore, all terminal devices that can be identified by the identity information may be considered as devices connected to and using the communications system in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the MAC address.
  • the MAC address includes 48 bits, where:
  • an organization unique identifier occupies bits b 24 to b 47 of the MAC address, is allocated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and may be understood as an identifier of a device manufacturer; and
  • a product serial number occupies bits b 0 to b 23 of the MAC address, and is allocated by a device manufacturer.
  • the MAC address can identify 2 48 devices.
  • the quantity is far greater than the quantity of the foregoing generated long training sequences. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, some bits (the first sub-identity information) may be selected from the MAC address, and a mapping relationship between the first sub-identity information and each long training sequence may be set. That is, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, one long training sequence may be mapped to multiple devices that have same first sub-identity information, and some or all of the remaining bits (an example of the second sub-identify information) are carried in other fields in the physical layer (this process is described later in detail).
  • the mapping relationship between each long training sequence and each piece of first sub-identity information may be determined according to the preset rule.
  • the preset rule for example, the 11-bit binary first-sub-identity-information may be converted into a decimal numeral, and the numeral of converted first sub-identity information corresponds to a long training sequence having a same ID numeral as the foregoing determined long training sequence.
  • more than 11 bits may be selected from the MAC address, and used as the first sub-identity information.
  • the quantity of the long training sequences is less than the quantity of the devices that the first sub-identity information can identify. Therefore, the 24-bit binary first-sub-identity-information may be converted into a decimal numeral, and modulo-preset-numeral (for example, modulo the quantity of the long training sequences) operation processing is performed on the numeral of converted first sub-identity information, and multiple pieces of the first sub-identity information with a same modulus value correspond to one long training sequence.
  • mapping relationship between each piece of the foregoing determined first sub-identity information and each long training sequence may be recorded in an entry to form a list of mapping relationships, or may be expressed as a function relation, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the foregoing illustrated method for selecting the first sub-identity information is only an example for description, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the first sub-identity information may be determined from the OUI of the MAC address; or a part of consecutive or nonconsecutive bytes may be selected from the IP address, the BSSID, the AID, the mobile phone number, the IMSI, or the IMEI, and used as the first sub-identity information.
  • the foregoing illustrated method for determining the mapping relationship between each piece of the first sub-identity information and each long training sequence is only an example for description, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • all devices in the system need to be consistent in the methods for determining the foregoing first sub-identity information and the foregoing mapping relationship, to ensure that the long training sequence (or the first sub-identity information) determined by the transmitting device and corresponding to the target receiving device is the same as the long training sequence (or the first sub-identity information) determined by the target receiving device and corresponding to the target receiving device.
  • the device A may determine a long training sequence set (same as the long training sequence set determined by the device C), and a mapping relationship between each long training sequence in the long training sequence set and each receiving device in the system (same as the mapping relationship determined by the device C).
  • the device A may determine first sub-identity information of the device B, for example, if a MAC address is used as identity information, may determine the first sub-identity information from a destination MAC address according to a preset rule (same as the rule used by the device C to determine the first sub-identity information), and determine, according to the mapping relationship and the first sub-identity information of the device B, (by looking up the list or substituting into the function relation), a long training sequence (hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence B) corresponding to the device B.
  • a preset rule similar as the rule used by the device C to determine the first sub-identity information
  • a long training sequence hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence B
  • the device A may perform encapsulation processing on the data that needs to be transmitted, to generate a data packet.
  • the used long training sequence is different from a long training sequence used in the prior art, herein a process for generating a long training sequence symbol is mainly described in detail.
  • direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • subcarriers with “a quantity same as the quantity of elements in the long training sequence” are selected from the indirect-current carrier components, and the elements in the long training sequence are mapped to the selected subcarriers one by one.
  • a specific numeric value or a cyclic shift element of the long training sequence is inserted in the remaining subcarriers. For example, a numeric value “1” is inserted, used by the receiving device for channel estimation; or a numeric value “0” may be inserted, that is, no information is transmitted on the subcarriers.
  • one-to-one mapping may be performed on the elements in the long training sequence and the subcarriers, and afterward the direct-current carrier components may be set to 0.
  • elements with “a quantity same as the quantity of subcarriers” may be selected from the elements in the long training sequence. Afterward, one-to-one mapping is performed on the selected elements and the subcarriers. Finally, the direct-current carrier components are set to 0.
  • the device A may add the long training sequence corresponding to the device B to the long training sequence field (field) in the physical layer of the data packet, and then transmit the data packet to each receiving device.
  • the transmitting device may further determine, according to the preset rule, the second sub-identity information, except the first sub-identity information, in the identity information of the target receiving device.
  • the device A may use a part of information (for example, bits b 24 to b 32 in the MAC address), except the first sub-identity information (for example, bits b 0 to b 10 in the MAC address), in the MAC address of the device B as the second sub-identity information (hereinafter recorded as second sub-identity information B).
  • the first sub-identity information for example, bits b 0 to b 10 in the MAC address
  • the device A may add the second sub-identity information (or a symbol indicating the second sub-identity information) to available space in the physical layer of the data packet. Therefore, the device A may further determine the second sub-identity information (specifically, a length of the second sub-identity information) according to the available space in the physical layer of the data packet. For example, in a case of a Wi-Fi system of the IEEE 802.11ac standard, a partial association identifier field (field) of 9 bits is added to a signal field (signal field) in the physical layer of the data packet.
  • the device A may use information in 9 bits (for example, bits b 24 to b 32 in the MAC address), except the first sub-identity information (for example, bits b 0 to b 10 in the MAC address), in the MAC address of the device B as the second sub-identity information B.
  • the second sub-identity information may be consecutive bits or nonconsecutive bits in the identity information.
  • the second sub-identity information may be all information, except the first sub-identity information, in the identity information.
  • the methods for determining the second sub-identity information by all devices in the system need to be consistent, to ensure that the second sub-identity information of the target receiving device determined by the transmitting device is the same as the second sub-identity information determined by the target receiving device.
  • a long training sequence symbol or first sub-identity information
  • a second sub-identity information symbol or second sub-identity information
  • the device A may generate a second sub-identity information symbol used to indicate second sub-identity information of the device B, and add the second sub-identity information symbol to a physical layer of a data packet, so that the receiving device can obtain the second sub-identity information of the target receiving device by means of parsing in the physical layer.
  • a partial association identifier field (field) of 9 bits is added to the signal field (signal field) in the physical layer of the data packet, and the foregoing generated second sub-identity information symbol may be carried in the partial association identifier field.
  • the second sub-identity information may be used as a partial association identifier.
  • the second sub-identity information symbol in transmission order, may be located before the long training sequence symbol, or may be located after the long training sequence symbol, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • Table 4 to Table 6 show examples of a part (the second sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device carried in the partial association identifier field and a part (the first sub-identity information) of the identity information of the target receiving device corresponding to the long training sequence field in the data packet.
  • the partial association identifier field and the long training sequence field can be identified. For example, if the system bandwidth is 20 MHz, a quantity of available subcarriers in the system is 53, and therefore more than 2 11 long training sequences may be generated and can correspond to 2 11 devices.
  • the device A may transmit the data packet to each device (including the device B) in the system in a broadcast manner over the air interface.
  • the method and process for transmitting the data packet may be the same as those in the prior art, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the device C receives the data packet (the second data packet) transmitted by the device A, and may acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the long training sequence B determined by the device A according to the target receiving device (namely, the device B).
  • the device C may process the data packet according to the long training sequence B.
  • the processing according to the long training sequence B may include the following processes:
  • the long training sequence B corresponds only to one receiving device (namely, case 3); when the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information, the long training sequence B may correspond to multiple receiving devices (namely, case 4).
  • case 3 When the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information, the long training sequence B corresponds only to one receiving device (namely, case 3); when the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information, the long training sequence B may correspond to multiple receiving devices (namely, case 4).
  • processing the data packet according to the target long training sequence and the mapping relationship includes:
  • the device C may determine a long training sequence (an example of the first set-use long training sequence, hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence C) corresponding to the device C.
  • a polyphase perfect sequence for example, a Zadoff-Chu sequence
  • ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties of the polyphase perfect sequence may be used to quickly and conveniently distinguish whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the device C may perform correlation calculation on the long training sequence C and the long training sequence B according to the foregoing formula 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a line chart of an autocorrelation function and a cross-correlation function of a Zadoff-Chu sequence. As shown in FIG. 3 , if the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B, a peak occurs. Therefore, the device C may determine, according to whether a peak occurs, whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the long training sequence C may be compared with the long training sequence B in a bitwise manner to determine whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the processing the data packet according to a relationship between the target long training sequence and the first set-use long training sequence includes:
  • the device C may determine that the device C is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information
  • the processing the data packet according to a relationship between the target long training sequence and the first set-use long training sequence includes:
  • the target long training sequence is the same as the first set-use long training sequence, acquiring, from the data packet, data that needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the data packet to acquire the data that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • processing the data packet according to the target long training sequence and the mapping relationship includes:
  • the device C may acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the long training sequence B determined by the device A according to the target receiving device (namely, the device B).
  • the device C finds first sub-identity information of a device (herein, the device B) corresponding to the long training sequence B.
  • the processing the data packet according to a relationship between the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device and the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device includes:
  • the device C may determine that the device C is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information
  • the processing the data packet according to a relationship between the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device and the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device includes:
  • the transmitting device if the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device is the same as the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device, acquiring, from the data packet, data that needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the data packet to acquire the data that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information
  • the processing the data packet according to a relationship between the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device and the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device includes:
  • the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device is the same as the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device, acquiring a second sub-identity information symbol carried in the physical layer of the data packet, where the second sub-identity information symbol is used to indicate second sub-identity information of the target receiving device;
  • the device C may acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the long training sequence B determined by the device A according to the target receiving device (namely, the device B).
  • the device C finds first sub-identity information of a device (herein, the device B) corresponding to the long training sequence B.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device C may determine that the device C may be the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may continue to parse the data packet and acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the second sub-identity information (namely, the second sub-identity information B) of the target receiving device.
  • the device C may determine second sub-identity information (hereinafter recorded as second sub-identity information C) of the device C according to a preset rule (same as the preset rule used by the device A to determine the second sub-identity information).
  • a preset rule similar as the preset rule used by the device A to determine the second sub-identity information.
  • the process is the same as the foregoing process for determining the second sub-identity information by the device A, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the data packet to acquire the data that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information
  • the processing the data packet according to a relationship between the target long training sequence and the first set-use long training sequence includes:
  • the target long training sequence is the same as the first set-use long training sequence, acquiring a second sub-identity information symbol carried in the physical layer of the data packet, where the second sub-identity information symbol is used to indicate second sub-identity information of the target receiving device;
  • the device C may determine a long training sequence (hereinafter recorded as a long training sequence C) corresponding to the device C.
  • a polyphase perfect sequence for example, a Zadoff-Chu sequence
  • ideal autocorrelation properties and optimum cross-correlation properties of the polyphase perfect sequence may be used to quickly and conveniently distinguish whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the device C may perform correlation calculation on the long training sequence C and the long training sequence B according to the foregoing formula 4. If the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B, a peak occurs. Therefore, the device C may determine, according to whether a peak occurs, whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the long training sequence C may be compared with the long training sequence B in a bitwise manner to determine whether the long training sequence C is the same as the long training sequence B.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device C may determine that the device C may be the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may continue to parse the data packet and acquire, from the physical layer of the data packet, the second sub-identity information (namely, the second sub-identity information B) of the target receiving device.
  • the device C may determine second sub-identity information (hereinafter recorded as second sub-identity information C) of the device C according to a preset rule (same as the preset rule used by the device A to determine the second sub-identity information).
  • a preset rule similar as the preset rule used by the device A to determine the second sub-identity information.
  • the process is the same as the foregoing process for determining the second sub-identity information by the device A, and to avoid repetition, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is not the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, discard the data packet.
  • the device C may determine that the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet, and therefore may, for example, parse the data packet to acquire the data that needs to be transmitted by the device A.
  • the data packet received by the device C may be a data packet that is transmitted by the device A to the device C only, or may be a data packet broadcast by the device A. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the processing the data packet according to the target long training sequence further includes:
  • the target long training sequence is the same as the third long training sequence, acquiring, from the data packet, data that needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device.
  • the device A may select a long training sequence (the third long training sequence) from the determined long training sequence set according to a preset rule, for example, a long training sequence that corresponds to the device A and whose bits are all 0 or 1, or the first or the last long training sequence in the long training sequence set, and use the long training sequence as the target long training sequence, to identify that the target receiving device of the data packet is all the receiving devices in the system.
  • a preset rule for example, a long training sequence that corresponds to the device A and whose bits are all 0 or 1, or the first or the last long training sequence in the long training sequence set
  • Each receiving device in the system may determine the third long training sequence according to the preset rule (same as the rule used by the device A). If the target long training sequence carried in the data packet is the third long training sequence, it indicates that the data is broadcast data and therefore may be received.
  • the process for determining whether the data packet is broadcast data may be before or after the process for determining whether the device C is the target receiving device of the data packet, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the device A may configure, through negotiation, a special long training sequence symbol to identify that the target receiving device of the data packet is all the receiving devices in the system.
  • the first sub-identity information and the third sub-identity information may be the same or different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the second sub-identity information and the third sub-identity information may be the same or different, which is not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the transmitting device when a transmitting device needs to transmit data to a target receiving device, the transmitting device selects, from a long training sequence set, a target long training sequence corresponding to the target receiving device, and adds the target long training sequence to a long training sequence field in a physical layer of a generated data packet; a receiving device can determine the target receiving device of the data packet according to the target long training sequence. Therefore, if the receiving device is not the target receiving device of the data packet, the receiving device does not need to continue to parse the data packet, which can reduce burden of the receiving device, reduce waste of hardware resources, and improve user experience.
  • FIG. 5 shows a data transmission apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 300 includes:
  • a determining unit 310 configured to determine a long training sequence set, where the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences;
  • the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in a communications system
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set and the at least one receiving device set, and the at least one set-use long training sequence corresponds to the at least one receiving device set on a one-to-one basis;
  • a processing unit 320 configured to determine, when first data needs to be transmitted to a target receiving device set, a target set-use long training sequence according to the target receiving device set and the first mapping relationship;
  • a transmitting unit 330 configured to transmit the first data packet, so that after a receiving device receives the first data packet, and acquires the target set-use long training sequence from the first data packet, the receiving device processes the data packet according to the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the determining unit 310 is specifically configured to determine the at least one receiving device set according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the determining unit 310 is specifically configured to determine the at least one receiving device set according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information:
  • a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device.
  • the determining unit 310 is specifically configured to determine the at least one receiving device set according to data that needs to be transmitted, so that data that needs to be transmitted to each receiving device in a same receiving device set is the same;
  • the transmitting unit 330 is further configured to transmit first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set.
  • the transmitting unit 330 is further configured to transmit second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the first mapping relationship.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, and the third sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information.
  • the determining unit 310 is further configured to determine a second mapping relationship, where the second mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each long training sequence in a long training sequence subset and first sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in the communications system, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, the first sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information, the long training sequence subset belongs to the long training sequence set, and the long training sequence subset does not include the set-use long training sequence;
  • the processing unit 320 is further configured to select, when second data needs to be transmitted to a target receiving device, a target long training sequence from the long training sequence subset according to first sub-identity information of the target receiving device and the second mapping relationship;
  • the transmitting unit 330 is further configured to transmit the second data packet, so that the target receiving device acquires the target long training sequence from the second data packet and processes the second data packet according to the target long training sequence.
  • the target receiving device is one receiving device in the communications system
  • the determining unit 310 is specifically configured to select, from the long training sequence subset according to the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device and the second mapping relationship, a second long training sequence only corresponding to the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device, and use the second long training sequence as the target long training sequence.
  • the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information
  • the processing unit 320 is specifically configured to perform encapsulation processing on the second data to generate the second data packet, where the physical layer of the second data packet carries a second sub-identity information symbol, the second sub-identity information symbol is used to indicate second sub-identity information of the target receiving device, and the second sub-identity information belongs to a part, except the first sub-identity information, in the identity information.
  • the second sub-identity information symbol is carried in a partial association identifier field in the physical layer of the data packet.
  • the target receiving device is all the receiving devices in the communications system.
  • the processing unit 320 is specifically configured to select, from the long training sequence subset according to the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device and the mapping relationship, a third long training sequence corresponding to the first sub-identity information of all the receiving devices in the communications system, and use the third long training sequence as the target long training sequence.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences:
  • a polyphase perfect sequence a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence.
  • polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences:
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information:
  • a Media Access Control MAC address an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • the data transmission apparatus 300 may correspond to the transmitting device (the device A) in the method embodiment of the present disclosure, and furthermore, each unit, namely, each module, in the data transmission apparatus 300 and the foregoing other operations and/or functions are respectively intended to implement the corresponding procedure of the method 100 in FIG. 1 , which is not further described herein for brevity.
  • a transmitting device notifies each receiving device in a communications system of a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and each receiving device group; a first receiving device may determine a first set-use long training sequence corresponding to a receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs; when the transmitting device needs to transmit data to a target device, a target set-use long training sequence corresponding to the target device may be carried in a physical layer of a data packet; therefore, the first receiving device may process the data packet according to a relationship between the first set-use long training sequence and the target set-use long training sequence, so that the first receiving device can determine, on condition that the first receiving device parses only a long training sequence field in the physical layer, whether the first receiving device is a target receiving device of the data packet. Therefore, burden of the receiving device can be reduced, waste of hardware resources can be reduced, and user experience can be improved.
  • FIG. 6 shows a data transmission apparatus 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 400 includes:
  • a determining unit 410 configured to determine a first mapping relationship, where the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set and the at least one receiving device set, the at least one set-use long training sequence corresponds to the at least one receiving device set on a one-to-one basis, the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in a communications system, and the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences; and
  • a receiving unit 420 configured to receive a first data packet transmitted by a transmitting device
  • a processing unit 430 configured to acquire a first long training sequence symbol carried in a long training sequence field in a physical layer of the first data packet, where the first long training sequence symbol is used to indicate a target set-use long training sequence, the target set-use long training sequence is determined by the transmitting device according to a target receiving device set of the first data packet and the first mapping relationship, and the first data packet is generated after the transmitting device performs encapsulation processing on first data;
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to determine, according to the first receiving device set and the first mapping relationship, a first set-use long training sequence corresponding to the first receiving device set;
  • the first set-use long training sequence is the same as the target set-use long training sequence, acquire the first data from the first data packet;
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to determine, according to the first mapping relationship and the target set-use long training sequence, the target receiving device set corresponding to the target set-use long training sequence;
  • the first receiving device set is the same as the target receiving device set, acquire the first data from the first data packet;
  • the first receiving device set if the first receiving device set is different from the target receiving device set, discard the first data packet.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device; and
  • the determining unit 410 is specifically configured to determine, according to grouping information of the first receiving device, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the grouping information includes a group identifier Group ID or a cell identifier Cell ID.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined according to feature information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the feature information includes any one of the following information:
  • a service type of a service accessed by the receiving device a geographical location of the receiving device, an access permission of the receiving device, and a priority of the receiving device
  • the determining unit 410 is specifically configured to determine, according to feature information of the first receiving device, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the at least one receiving device set is determined by the transmitting device according to data that needs to be transmitted, where same data needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device to each receiving device in a same receiving device set;
  • the receiving unit 420 is further configured to receive first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate receiving devices included in each receiving device set;
  • the determining unit 410 is specifically configured to determine, according to the first indication information, the first receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs.
  • the receiving unit 420 is further configured to receive second indication information transmitted by the transmitting device, where the second indication information is used to indicate the first mapping relationship;
  • the determining unit 410 is specifically configured to determine the first mapping relationship according to the second indication information.
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and third sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in a corresponding receiving device set, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, and the third sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information.
  • the determining unit 410 is further configured to determine the long training sequence set.
  • the second mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between each long training sequence in a long training sequence subset and first sub-identity information in identity information of each receiving device in the communications system, where one piece of the identity information is used to uniquely indicate one receiving device in the communications system, the first sub-identity information is a part or all of the identity information, the long training sequence subset belongs to the long training sequence set, and the long training sequence subset does not include the set-use long training sequence;
  • the processing unit 430 is further configured to acquire, when a second data packet transmitted by the transmitting device is received, a second long training sequence symbol carried in a long training sequence field in a physical layer of the second data packet, where the second long training sequence symbol is used to indicate a target long training sequence, and the target long training sequence is selected by the transmitting device from the long training sequence subset according to first sub-identity information of a target receiving device of the second data packet and the second mapping relationship;
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to determine the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device of the second data packet according to the target long training sequence and the second mapping relationship;
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to discard the second data packet if the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device is different from the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device.
  • the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to acquire, from the second data packet if the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device is the same as the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device, second data that needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device.
  • the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to acquire, if the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device is the same as the first sub-identity information of the target receiving device, a second sub-identity information symbol carried in the physical layer of the second data packet, where the second sub-identity information symbol is used to indicate second sub-identity information of the target receiving device;
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to determine, from the long training sequence set according to the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device and the second mapping relationship, a first long training sequence only corresponding to the first sub-identity information of the first receiving device;
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to discard the second data packet if the target long training sequence is different from the first long training sequence.
  • the first sub-identity information is all of the identity information
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to acquire, from the second data packet if the target long training sequence is the same as the first long training sequence, second data that needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device.
  • the first sub-identity information is a part of the identity information
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to acquire, if the target long training sequence is the same as the first long training sequence, a second sub-identity information symbol carried in the physical layer of the second data packet, where the second sub-identity information symbol is used to indicate second sub-identity information of the target receiving device;
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to discard the second data packet if the second sub-identity information of the target receiving device is different from the second sub-identity information of the first receiving device;
  • the second sub-identity information of the target receiving device is the same as the second sub-identity information of the first receiving device, acquire, from the second data packet, second data that needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device.
  • the second sub-identity information symbol is carried in a partial association identifier field in the physical layer of the data packet.
  • the processing unit 430 is specifically configured to determine, from the long training sequence set, a third long training sequence corresponding to the first sub-identity information of all the receiving devices in the communications system;
  • the target long training sequence is the same as the third long training sequence, acquire, from the second data packet, second data that needs to be transmitted by the transmitting device.
  • the long training sequence is a sequence with good correlation properties.
  • sequence with good correlation properties is any one of the following sequences:
  • a polyphase perfect sequence a Gold sequence, a Gold-like sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence.
  • polyphase perfect sequence is any one of the following sequences:
  • a length of the long training sequence is determined according to a quantity of available subcarriers in the communications system.
  • the identity information is any one of the following information:
  • a Media Access Control MAC address an Internet Protocol IP address, a basic service set identifier BSSID, an association identifier AID, a mobile phone number, an international mobile subscriber identity IMSI, and an international mobile equipment identity IMEI.
  • the data transmission apparatus 400 may correspond to the receiving device (the device C) in the method embodiment of the present disclosure, and furthermore, each unit, namely, each module, in the data transmission apparatus 400 and the foregoing other operations and/or functions are respectively intended to implement the corresponding procedure of the method 200 in FIG. 4 , which is not further described herein for brevity.
  • a transmitting device notifies each receiving device in a communications system of a mapping relationship between each set-use long training sequence and each receiving device group; a first receiving device may determine a first set-use long training sequence corresponding to a receiving device set to which the first receiving device belongs; when the transmitting device needs to transmit data to a target device, a target set-use long training sequence corresponding to the target device may be carried in a physical layer of a data packet; therefore, the first receiving device may process the data packet according to a relationship between the first set-use long training sequence and the target set-use long training sequence, so that the first receiving device can determine, on condition that the first receiving device parses only a long training sequence field in the physical layer, whether the first receiving device is a target receiving device of the data packet. Therefore, burden of the receiving device can be reduced, waste of hardware resources can be reduced, and user experience can be improved.
  • FIG. 7 shows a data transmission apparatus 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 500 includes:
  • processor 520 connected to the bus 510 ;
  • a memory 530 connected to the bus 510 ;
  • transceiver 540 connected to the bus 510 .
  • the processor 520 is configured to invoke, through the bus 510 , a program stored in the memory 530 to determine a long training sequence set, where the long training sequence set includes at least two long training sequences;
  • the receiving device set includes at least one receiving device in a communications system
  • the first mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between at least one set-use long training sequence in the long training sequence set and the at least one receiving device set, and the at least one set-use long training sequence corresponds to the at least one receiving device set on a one-to-one basis;
  • control the transceiver 540 to transmit the first data packet, so that after a receiving device receives the first data packet, and acquires the target set-use long training sequence from the first data packet, the receiving device processes the data packet according to the target set-use long training sequence.
  • the processor 520 is specifically configured to determine the at least one receiving device set according to grouping information of each receiving device in the communications system, where the grouping information is allocated by the communications system and used to uniquely indicate one receiving device group in the communications system, and the receiving device group includes at least one receiving device.

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CN105284082B (zh) 2019-02-26
EP2991283A1 (fr) 2016-03-02

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