US990443A - Process for combining a permeating metallic protective with the surfaces of ferric articles. - Google Patents
Process for combining a permeating metallic protective with the surfaces of ferric articles. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US990443A US990443A US60143311A US1911601433A US990443A US 990443 A US990443 A US 990443A US 60143311 A US60143311 A US 60143311A US 1911601433 A US1911601433 A US 1911601433A US 990443 A US990443 A US 990443A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- articles
- ferric
- article
- permeating
- lead
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
- Y10S411/90—Fastener or fastener element composed of plural different materials
- Y10S411/901—Core and exterior of different materials
- Y10S411/902—Metal core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12701—Pb-base component
Definitions
- This invention v relates to an improved process for permanently uniting a coating of lead, zinc, tin, or any alloy of these metals, with articles of iron or steel, when dipped into a bath of the molten protective metal.
- ferric iron and steel. articles are termed ferric herein.
- Zinc and lead are more suitable than zinc alone as a protective metal, as lead resists corrosion much more powerfully thanzinc; but ferric articles have a repulsion rather than a chemical affinity for zinc and lead, and an intimate union of such metals with a ferric article has not heretofore been effected by any cheap and convenient process applicable to ferric articles of all kinds and sizes.
- the invention refers particularly to the protecting of ferric articles by applying to the surface any metal of the lead group, and which for the present purpose may be understood to include zinc, lead and tin.
- a preparatory treatment for ferric articles which causes a coating of lead, zincor tin; or an alloy of any of those metals to adhere permanently on ferric articles, and penetrate the same sufthe article, from corrosion if the protective metal be entirely removed by wear or abrasion.
- Such preparatory treatment consists in first depositing upon the surface of the article a salt of mercury which metal subsequently Specification of Letters Patent.
- the metal in the mercury salt may be precipitated therefrom by heat and thus form an amalgam with the substance of the iron before it is dipped in a melted alloy, or it may be dipped iii the melted alloy so slowly that the heat of the molten bath may produce the necessary decomposition of the mercury salt and precipitate the mercury; which amalgamates with the iron and makes it attractive to the zinc or lead.
- the molten bath is preferably heated to a temperature of- 950 degrees Fah. and when the ferric article thus prepared is immersed in the molten bath for about three minutes, or until it attains the temperature of the bath, the iron attracts the protective metal into close union with itself and when removed-and cooled is found to have a permeation of the molten metal into its pores so that no line of demarcation exists between the protective metal and article.
- the article If the protective metal be removed by wear or abrasion, the article still retains Within its substance below its surface the permeating protective metal which prevents its corrosion.
- the mercury is vaporized in the metal bath and mingles with the metals of the bath performing an important function in alloying them together so that the lead which is sixty per cent. heavier than zinc is prevented fromsettl-ing to the bottom of the bath.
- the reparatory treatment is effected by an acid liquor prepared in the proportion of five gallons of hydrochloric acid, one-half pound of mercury bichlorid, and one-half pound of ammonium chlorid.
- the acid serves to remove oxid and impurities from the surface of the ferric articles
- the mercury bi-chlorid produces the attracting element for the protective metal when immersed in a bath of the same, and the ammonium chlorid acts merely as a catalyzer in, promoting the action of the,
- the articles are immersed in the liquor preferablyfor three minutes, unless they are very rusty and require a longer cleaning effect of the acid, and when taken out are dried and then exhibit a deposit. upon their surface of mercury and the metallic salts of the bath. They are then heated to precipitate the mercury from the salts upon the article, and are immersed while hot in the molten bath of protective metal, which' is prepared by melting and mixing together the several ingredients, as lead, zinc, or tin.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Description
ficiently to protect HERMAN J. LOHMANN, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE LOH'MANN COMPANY, A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
EROCESS FOR GOMBININGf A PEEMEATING METALLIC PROTECTIVE WITH THE SUR- FACES OF FERRIC ARTICLES.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, HERMAN J. LOHMANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at 90 Monticello avenue, in Jersey City, county of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for Combining a Permeating Metallic Protective with the Surfaces of Ferric Articles, fully described and represented in the following specification.
This invention v relates to an improved process for permanently uniting a coating of lead, zinc, tin, or any alloy of these metals, with articles of iron or steel, when dipped into a bath of the molten protective metal. I
Experience has shown that so-called galvanized articles having a zinc coating are more or less permeable to the atmosphere, and the lack of actual union with the surface of the iron permits the corrosion of the iron under the coating, and the final displacement of the coating, leaving the iron without any protection. For brevity, iron and steel. articles are termed ferric herein. Zinc and lead are more suitable than zinc alone as a protective metal, as lead resists corrosion much more powerfully thanzinc; but ferric articles have a repulsion rather than a chemical affinity for zinc and lead, and an intimate union of such metals with a ferric article has not heretofore been effected by any cheap and convenient process applicable to ferric articles of all kinds and sizes.
The invention, therefore, refers particularly to the protecting of ferric articles by applying to the surface any metal of the lead group, and which for the present purpose may be understood to include zinc, lead and tin. I have, however, discovered a preparatory treatment for ferric articles which causes a coating of lead, zincor tin; or an alloy of any of those metals to adhere permanently on ferric articles, and penetrate the same sufthe article, from corrosion if the protective metal be entirely removed by wear or abrasion. Such preparatory treatment consists in first depositing upon the surface of the article a salt of mercury which metal subsequently Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Apr. 25, 1911.
Application filed January 7, 1911. Serial No. 601,433.
forms an amalgam with the iron, and has a chemical aflinity for both the ferric article and the protective metal.
The metal in the mercury salt may be precipitated therefrom by heat and thus form an amalgam with the substance of the iron before it is dipped in a melted alloy, or it may be dipped iii the melted alloy so slowly that the heat of the molten bath may produce the necessary decomposition of the mercury salt and precipitate the mercury; which amalgamates with the iron and makes it attractive to the zinc or lead.
The molten bath is preferably heated to a temperature of- 950 degrees Fah. and when the ferric article thus prepared is immersed in the molten bath for about three minutes, or until it attains the temperature of the bath, the iron attracts the protective metal into close union with itself and when removed-and cooled is found to have a permeation of the molten metal into its pores so that no line of demarcation exists between the protective metal and article.
If the protective metal be removed by wear or abrasion, the article still retains Within its substance below its surface the permeating protective metal which prevents its corrosion. The mercury is vaporized in the metal bath and mingles with the metals of the bath performing an important function in alloying them together so that the lead which is sixty per cent. heavier than zinc is prevented fromsettl-ing to the bottom of the bath.
For commercial uses, I prefer a protective metal formed of ten parts by weight of lead to ten parts of zinc and one of tin, as this alloy possesses such flexibility that sheetmetal and slender articles coated thereby can be bent Without straining or cracking the protective metal. The reparatory treatment is effected by an acid liquor prepared in the proportion of five gallons of hydrochloric acid, one-half pound of mercury bichlorid, and one-half pound of ammonium chlorid. The acid serves to remove oxid and impurities from the surface of the ferric articles, the mercury bi-chlorid produces the attracting element for the protective metal when immersed in a bath of the same, and the ammonium chlorid acts merely as a catalyzer in, promoting the action of the,
other elements, but such catalyzer is not essential.
The articles are immersed in the liquor preferablyfor three minutes, unless they are very rusty and require a longer cleaning effect of the acid, and when taken out are dried and then exhibit a deposit. upon their surface of mercury and the metallic salts of the bath. They are then heated to precipitate the mercury from the salts upon the article, and are immersed while hot in the molten bath of protective metal, Which' is prepared by melting and mixing together the several ingredients, as lead, zinc, or tin.
This process of protecting ferric articles produces a very unusual union of the protective metal with the substance of the article, as tests show that the article has the protective metal permeating its substance adjacent its surface, and a coating of the protective metal upon the surface of the article in integral union with such permeating metal; which union destro s any line of demarcation between the art1cle and the protective metal, and when tested by removmg the external coating mechanically, articles of the iron itself have been torn ofl with the coating. 7
Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what is claimed herein is:
1. The process of preparing ferric articles for coating and permeation by a metal of cle before immersion in the bath of melted metal.
2. The process of preparing ferric articles for coating and permeation by lead-zinc alloys in a molten state, which consists in immersing the article in a liquor of cleaning-acid mixed with a salt of mercury.
3. The process of preparing ferric articles for coating and permeation by lead-zinc alloys in a molten state, which consists in immersing the article in a liquor of cleaning-acid mixed with a salt of mercury and a catalyzer, as ammonium chlorid.
4. The process of coating and permeating ferric articles by lead-zinc alloys, which con- 'sists in first making the article chemically,
clean, second, depositing a salt of mercury upon the surface of the article, third, heating the article sufiiciently to decompose the salt and precipitate the mercury upon the article, and finally immersing the prepared article in the melted alloy.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
' Witnesses:
J. H. MADDY, THOMAS S. CRANE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60143311A US990443A (en) | 1911-01-07 | 1911-01-07 | Process for combining a permeating metallic protective with the surfaces of ferric articles. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60143311A US990443A (en) | 1911-01-07 | 1911-01-07 | Process for combining a permeating metallic protective with the surfaces of ferric articles. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US990443A true US990443A (en) | 1911-04-25 |
Family
ID=3058780
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60143311A Expired - Lifetime US990443A (en) | 1911-01-07 | 1911-01-07 | Process for combining a permeating metallic protective with the surfaces of ferric articles. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US990443A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050265802A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-01 | Alltrista Zinc Products, L.P. | Environmentally protected reinforcement dowel pins and method of making |
-
1911
- 1911-01-07 US US60143311A patent/US990443A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050265802A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-01 | Alltrista Zinc Products, L.P. | Environmentally protected reinforcement dowel pins and method of making |
| US20060257231A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2006-11-16 | Alltrista Zinc Products, L.P. (an Indiana Limited partnership) | Environmentally protected reinforcement dowel pins and method of making |
| US7553554B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2009-06-30 | Jarden Zinc Products, LLC | Environmentally protected reinforcement dowel pins and method of making |
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