US989415A - Surface condenser. - Google Patents

Description

D. A. QUIGGIN. SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1908.

Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

3 SHEET S-SHEET 1.

1). A. QUIGGIN.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1908.

989,41 5. I Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1908.

989,415,, Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN, OF LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL ARTHUR QUIG- cm, a subject of the King of Great Britain,

and residing in Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surface Condensers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to surface condensers, the object being to increase their efiiciency generally,'and it is specially applicablein the case of condensers required to maintain a high degree of'vacuum. Such condensers comprise broadly a main casing through which the condensing tubes extend, with an inlet for the steam and an outlet or outlets for the condensed steam and air, a tube plate at each end of the casing in which the condensing tubesv are fixed and water chambers beyond the tube plates with the necessary passages for the flow of the oircu lating water. One of the chief features of my invention is to so shape the main casing thatthe steam shall have very free access to the condensing surfaces, and that the air shall be carried by its momentum or kinetic ener toward the air outlet, so as to acquire a higher pressure thereat than prevails generally within the casing. I

The condensing tubes are preferably of the self-draining or cresent section type described in the s ecification of my prior application for l ietters Patent Serial No. 399564, filed October 28th 1907 granted June 22, 1909, No. 925,506.

I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures 1 and 2 show in longitudinal and transverse sectional elevation on the line A. A. respectively, a condenser suitable for maintaining a high degree of vacuum, and Fig. 3 is a plan thereo Figs. 4 and 5 are views analogous to Figs. 1 and 2, showing a form of condenser suitable in cases where.

tion, a are the tube plates, 5 the tubes, 6, is

the circulating water inlet, and 7 the circulating water outlet. In giving the casing 1 the special form shown the objects are Specification of Letters Patent.

' bars 11 being Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

Application filed May 2, 1908. Serial No. 430,591.

broadly,to provide for the dynamic action due to the momentum of the air as described, to provide very free access of the steam to the condensing surfaces, and to effect the distribution of the steam so that all the heating surfaces are as far as possible equalized in efficiency, as in condensers of ordinary form the steam tends to short-circuit toward the outlet, leaving much of the heating surface comparatively ineffective. With these objects in view the casing diverges rapidly from the steam inlet 2 about the level of the top of the stack of tubes, and the walls are preferably made bulbous toward each end of the casing as indicated at 8, so that the steam has access not only to the top of the tube stack but to the sides also for some depth, so' that very free access is provided. The" bulbous portions or pockets 8 tend to distribute the steam toward the ends of the condenser, counteracting the tendency to pass mainly down the center, and for the same reason the perforated and inclined deflectors 9 are fitted in the entrance way of the steam, and the outlet 3 communicates with the interior of the casing through the slit l0 extendin' the whole length, the cross tted to break the flow and strengthen the casing.

I have found that the flat water chambers usually employed in apparatus of this class do notguide and distribute the circulating water in a satisfactory mannerinto the tubes, as the water flows transversely to the tube ends. I accordingly curve the doors 12, forming (in conjunction with the tube plates) the water chambers 13, so that the water is guided with a Wheeling motion out of the. one stack of tubes into the next. Forthe same purpose I fit deflectors 14, (preferably cast on the doors), to prevent the direct transverse flow of the water, and I also in some cases fit. perforatedplates such as 15 to further guide and distribute the flow of water. Where the special form of condensing tubes, alreadyreferred to is used, the tubesare generally arranged, for the reason stated in specification of my U. S. Letters Patentbefore referred to, so

that the circulating Jwater in passing through the tubes flows from the larger toalready described, except that the air outlet 16 is arranged separate from and atahigher level than the water outlet 3*, the combined air and water outlet 3 being arranged on the side of a pocket 17 at such a level thatit traps the water above the level of the lowermost tubes, so that the latter are always submerged inthe water of condensation with a corresponding cooling eifect thereon. The lower flange 18 of the teepiece '19 attached to the outlet 3 is connected usually to a pump, and the upper branch 20 is left open to the atmosphere for the escape of air if it is not desired to maintain a vacuum, or otherwise it is connected to'the air pump.-

Fig. 6 shows a modified form of device for the water delivery whereby the depth of submergence of the tubes may be varied to suit circumstances. The trap 21 is made with an internal weir 22 and it is connected to the condenser and the delivery pipe 23 by swiveling joints. The projecting spigot 24 of the trap makes metallic joint with the condenser andis drawn into osition by the studs 25 passing through the ange 26 which is screwed freely over the branch of the trap. By slacking the bolts 25 and turning the trap out of the vertical, the effective height of the weir 22 can be reduced at will so as to give the desired depth of submergence.

The tubes are in general laid with a slope, but where itis desired to cool the water of condensation, they may be laid horizontally, so that the drainage flows slowly along the troughs of the tubes and so is subjected to a more prolonged cooling effect of the circulating water.

Having now fully described my invention, I declare that what I'claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a condenser having an inlet and an outlet end in which the tubes are arranged transversely to the flow of the steam; contransversely to the flow of the steam; condensing tubes arranged in a stack of wedgelike form with its base lying uppermost toward the steam inlet and its apex lying downward toward the outlet; and a casing inclosing said tubes, divergent from thesteam inlet down to the top of the tube stack and thence converging toward the outlet in conformity with the tube stack, and having a narrow outlet opening extending along the bottom of the casing, substantially as described.

3. In a condenser having an inlet and an outleteend in which the tubes are arranged transversely to the flow of the steam; condensing tubes arranged in a stack-of wedgelike form with its base lying uppermost toward the steam inlet and its apex lying downward toward the outlet; and a casing inclosing said tubes, divergent from the steam inlet down to the top of the tube stack and thence converging toward the outlet in conformity with the tube stack, said casing having bulbous portions 8 adapted to give the steam free access to'the sides of the tube stack and to distribute the steam necting the stacks of tubes together, the end walls of the casing being of curved form, deflectors in said chambers acting with the curved form of the end walls to guide the circulating water from one stack of tubes to the next with a whirling motion, and

perforated plates in said chambers.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of subscribing witnesses. DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN. Witnesses:

J. E. LLOYD BARNES, JOSEPH E. Hms'r.

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