US9831709B2 - Method and apparatus for wireless charging of a bioelectronic device implanted in a laboratory animal or in a human being - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for wireless charging of a bioelectronic device implanted in a laboratory animal or in a human being Download PDF

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US9831709B2
US9831709B2 US14/406,783 US201314406783A US9831709B2 US 9831709 B2 US9831709 B2 US 9831709B2 US 201314406783 A US201314406783 A US 201314406783A US 9831709 B2 US9831709 B2 US 9831709B2
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windings
container
powering
laboratory animal
winding
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US20150180267A1 (en
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Pantaleo Romanelli
Antonino Paris
Stefano Marchetti
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AB Medica SpA
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AB Medica Holding SRL
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
    • A01K1/031—Cages for laboratory animals; Cages for measuring metabolism of animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K11/00—Marking of animals
    • A01K11/006—Automatic identification systems for animals, e.g. electronic devices, transponders for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0044—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction specially adapted for holding portable devices containing batteries
    • H02J7/0052—
    • H02J7/025—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/40—Animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02—Operational features
    • A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
    • A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
    • A61B2560/0219—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply of externally powered implanted units
    • H02J17/00—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/20—The network being internal to a load
    • H02J2310/23—The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
    • H02J5/005—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of wireless charging in a resonant mode of bioelectronic devices implanted in laboratory animals or human beings.
  • Charging of these bioelectronic devices may be performed by using appropriate cables or in a wireless mode by electromagnetic induction.
  • the latter mode is preferred because the use of cables is a source of infection for laboratory animals as well as for patients, which cannot be eliminated but removing the implanted device, thus resulting in the interruption of experimental activities or therapies.
  • the elimination of supply cables, which are external bodies having a not negligible size, also prevents laboratory animals and patients from experiencing behavioral problems during the experimental activity or therapy.
  • confinement cages In the specific case of laboratory animals, confinement cages have been developed that are provided with a plurality of windings arranged below the floor on which a laboratory animal can move.
  • the windings can generate a plurality of magnetic fields which are mutually parallel and directed along a vertical axis, whereby the laboratory animal housed in the cage may freely move between the parallel magnetic fields and the power supply circuit of the implanted bioelectronic device is substantially always coupled with at least one of them, so that it may be powered independently of the position of the laboratory animal within the cage.
  • a charging apparatus would be desirable suitable to charge batteries of a bioelectronic device in a wireless mode without restricting the movements of a patient or laboratory animal wherein the bioelectronic device is installed, which is an object of the present invention. Said object is achieved with an apparatus and a method of charging as defined in the appended claims.
  • An idea of solution underlying the present invention is to use the wireless power supply technology in a resonant mode, which is generally employed for devices that require large amounts of energy, such as e.g. electrical machines, robots, vacuum cleaners or laptop computers.
  • a resonant mode which is generally employed for devices that require large amounts of energy, such as e.g. electrical machines, robots, vacuum cleaners or laptop computers.
  • the wireless power supply mode there are used a first winding connected to a power supply as a transmitting unit and a second winding connected to the device to be powered as a receiving unit, wherein both windings are configured to have the same resonance frequency.
  • the apparatus comprises a composable container in turn comprising one or more compartments every one of which is associated with at least one first winding, whose axis is arranged in a first direction, and at least one second winding, whose axis is arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the composable container also includes a system for powering and driving the windings configured to create inside it a rotating magnetic field in a plane defined by the axes of the windings.
  • the composable container may be configured either as a cage for laboratory animals or as an environment suitable to accommodate a human being, that may e.g. be integrated in a hospital room or in the room of a house.
  • the composable container may comprise for each compartment at least one third winding, whose axis is arranged in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.
  • This configuration allows to drive the three windings so as to obtain a rotation of the magnetic field no longer on a plane but in the space, i.e. with respect to all the planes defined by the axes of the three windings.
  • a first pair of identical windings arranged coaxially to each other and mutually spaced in the first direction are associated to each compartment of the composable container and supplied so as to generate magnetic fields along the same direction, as well as a second pair of identical windings arranged coaxially to each other and mutually spaced in the second direction, that are supplied so as to generate magnetic fields along the same direction.
  • the windings of each pair are e.g. dimensioned and arranged as Helmholtz windings, allowing to generate a magnetic field between them that is substantially uniform in the direction of their axes. In the case of cages for laboratory animals, whose size meets the present field standards, the windings are dimensioned and arranged so as to be as close as possible to this ideal condition.
  • This configuration is particularly useful in large environments and is therefore preferred for the application of the invention to cages for laboratory animals characterized by high mobility, e.g. primates, and to environments suitable to accommodate human beings, such as hospital or house rooms.
  • a single winding for each direction may in fact lead to a weak magnetic field at the opposite end of the container in that direction, which is unsuitable for a bioelectronic device implanted in a human being or in a laboratory animal confined in the container.
  • pairs of windings preferably arranged at opposite faces of the composable container, allows instead to maintain substantially the same value of the magnetic field from side to side and/or from the floor to the ceiling of the container, thus allowing powering of the bioelectronic device anywhere inside the container even when the patient or the laboratory animal are moving.
  • the composable container according to the invention may advantageously comprise for each compartment a third pair of windings which, similarly to those of the first and of the second pair, are identical to each other and arranged coaxially, mutually spaced in the third direction of the container, perpendicular to the first and second direction, and supplied so as to generate magnetic fields in the same direction.
  • This configuration allows to drive the three pairs of windings so as to obtain a rotation of the magnetic field in the space, i.e. relative to all the planes defined by the axes of the three windings.
  • the windings of each pair are preferably arranged outside the composable container at its opposite faces, or integrated inside the panels that form its structure. This advantageously allows to maximize the internal space available and to avoid accidental contact of a patient or a laboratory animal with the windings, wherein current circulates.
  • At least one sensor suitable to detect the presence of a patient or a laboratory animal may be advantageously mounted in each compartment of the container, thus making it possible to activate only the windings associated with the compartment that is occupied and hence to optimize their operation and energy consumption by avoiding to supply windings of empty compartments.
  • FIG. 1 a is a perspective view showing a composable container according to a first embodiment of the present invention installed in a room suitable to accommodate a human being;
  • FIG. 1 b is a perspective view showing a composable container configured as a cage for laboratory animals according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a system for powering and driving the windings associated with the composable container of FIG. 1 b.
  • the charging apparatus includes a composable container, indicated with reference numeral 10 , that is provided with at least two windings 20 , 30 arranged with mutually perpendicular axes, and with a system for powering and driving the windings that will be described in detail below.
  • the composable container can be configured as a living environment and be installed in a room R, such as a hospital or a house room, for charging a wireless rechargeable bioelectronic circuit implanted in a human being M, or be configured as a cage for laboratory animals, schematically shown in FIG. 1 b , for charging a wireless rechargeable bioelectronic circuit implanted in a laboratory animal.
  • a room R such as a hospital or a house room
  • FIG. 1 b for charging a wireless rechargeable bioelectronic circuit implanted in a laboratory animal.
  • the composable container comprises a plurality of composable walls forming a closed environment.
  • the composable container 10 may be suitably provided with aesthetic elements, for example panels, configured to allow a complete integration thereof in the room so as not to be visible to a patient.
  • the composable container or cage 10 comprises a plurality of modular panels made of a nonmagnetic material.
  • the cage 10 is provided with at least one door 11 and defines at least one inner compartment 12 suitable to accommodate a laboratory animal. Due to reasons of hygiene and costs, the nonmagnetic material is preferably a plastic material, for example PA6.
  • the cage 10 comprises in particular two intercommunicating compartments 12 , 13 which are arranged on top of each other in a first direction Z that goes from the base to the ceiling of the cage 10 .
  • the cage 10 according to the invention is configured so as to allow wireless power supply in a resonant mode of a generic bioelectronic device implanted in a laboratory animal housed therein, possibly provided with a rechargeable battery, such as an implantable device for the acquisition and monitoring of bioelectric signals from the brain, as well as for intracranial stimulation.
  • a generic bioelectronic device implanted in a laboratory animal housed therein, possibly provided with a rechargeable battery, such as an implantable device for the acquisition and monitoring of bioelectric signals from the brain, as well as for intracranial stimulation.
  • the cage 10 comprises in each compartment at least one first winding 20 whose axis is e.g. arranged in the first direction Z and at least one second winding 30 , whose the axis is arranged in a second direction Y of the cage, perpendicular to the first direction Z, for example a transverse direction Y.
  • the windings 20 , 30 are arranged so as to be not accessible to the laboratory animal confined in the cage 10 and for this purpose they may be mounted at the outside thereof or in respective cavities formed in the walls.
  • the electrical terminals of the windings 20 , 30 are similarly arranged so as to be accessible from outside the container 10 when it is assembled, so that they can be easily connected while avoiding that the laboratory animal may interfere.
  • the cage 10 also comprises a system for powering and driving the windings 20 , 30 configured to generate magnetic fields in the first and in the second directions Z, Y, and provide control signals suitable to create inside the cage 10 a rotating magnetic field on a plane defined by the axes of the windings.
  • the composable container 10 comprises a first pair of identical windings arranged coaxially to each other and mutually spaced in the first direction Z.
  • the container also comprises a second pair of identical windings arranged coaxially to each other and mutually spaced in the second direction Y. The windings of each pair are supplied so as to generate magnetic fields along the same direction.
  • the cage 10 comprises for each compartment 12 , 13 a pair of first identical windings arranged coaxially to each other in the first direction Z of the cage 10 and mutually spaced in such direction.
  • the cage 10 also comprises for each compartment a pair of second identical windings arranged coaxially to each other in the second direction Y of the cage 10 and mutually spaced in this direction.
  • the windings of each pair are configured and arranged so as to constitute the Helmholtz coils, capable of generating a substantially uniform magnetic field in the direction of their axes, which is directly proportional to the number of turns and to the current that circulates therethrough.
  • each compartment 12 , 13 of the cage 10 are respectively indicated by reference numerals 20 , 21 , 22 in the first direction Z and by reference numerals 30 , 31 and 32 , 33 in the second direction Y. In the perspective view of FIG. 1 b only the windings 20 , 31 and 33 are visible.
  • the windings 20 , 21 , 22 and 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 are associated with resonant circuits that are configured so as to have a resonance frequency equal to that of the winding of the resonant circuit powering the bioelectronic device implanted in the laboratory animal, thus enabling its operation as well as charging of its rechargeable battery, if any.
  • the powering and driving system generally designated by reference numeral 40 , comprises at least one AC/DC power supply connected in parallel to the windings and having adjustable voltage outputs.
  • the powering and driving system 40 comprises in particular a first power supply 41 coupled to the first windings 20 , 21 , 22 that have axes oriented in the first direction Z and a second power supply 42 coupled to the second windings 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 that have axes oriented in the second direction Y.
  • the powering and driving system 40 also comprises a microprocessor 50 provided with a suitable management software and feedback control of the windings.
  • the powering and driving system 40 comprises a “switching power driver” for each winding, which is supplied by the respective AC/DC.
  • the switching power drivers are respectively indicated by reference numerals 61 to 67 and are configured to generate driving signals at a predetermined frequency.
  • the driving signals are preferably voltage signals, such as e.g. square wave signals, and have values of frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit. These driving signals preferably have voltage values lower than or equal to 60 V.
  • the windings are characterized by their so-called “self-resonance frequencies”, namely frequencies determined by the inductance of each winding and the respective parasitic capacitance in parallel, above which the windings behave as a capacity and not as an inductance.
  • self-resonance frequencies namely frequencies determined by the inductance of each winding and the respective parasitic capacitance in parallel, above which the windings behave as a capacity and not as an inductance.
  • the windings are preferably dimensioned so as to have self-resonance frequencies at least ten times higher than the resonance frequency desired for the resonant circuit.
  • each winding two capacitors arranged in series are connected, forming with the winding a balanced resonant serial circuit suitable to maximize the merit factor at the driving frequency.
  • the capacitors are respectively indicated by reference numerals 611 , 612 , 621 , 622 , 631 , 632 , 641 , 642 , 651 , 652 , 661 , 662 , 671 , 672 , so that the cage 10 comprises seven resonant circuits operating in parallel.
  • the values of the capacitance of the capacitors and the inductance of the respective winding are dimensioned so as to obtain a resonance frequency equal to that of the driving signal generated by the power driver connected thereto.
  • a phase locked loop circuit or PLL is connected to each power driver.
  • PLL circuits are all connected to a programmable logic circuit 80 configured to compare signal phases, the programmable logic circuit being connected to the microprocessor 50 .
  • PLL circuits are indicated with reference numerals 71 to 77 .
  • each power driver 61 , . . . , 67 generates a driving signal that causes a current to circulate through the resonant circuit connected thereto.
  • Power supply is managed to generate magnetic fields having the same direction in the windings of each pair of windings.
  • the control signals of the power drivers 61 , . . . , 67 are synchronized with each other on the basis of a reference signal that is preferably a pilot signal generated by one of the power drivers connected to the resonant circuits of the cage 10 , for example the resonant circuit of winding 21 . Starting from the phase of this pilot signal all the other resonant circuits present on the cage 10 are synchronized in the same direction through the relative PLL circuit 71 , . . . , 77 .
  • PLL circuits 71 , . . . , 77 particularly allow to detect phase shift values between the currents actually circulating in the windings and their frequency, and to adjust the control signals of the power driver through the programmable logic circuit 80 for the phase comparison connected to the microprocessor 50 , in order to compensate for differences between the actual values of mutual current phase shifts compared to the corresponding nominal values.
  • the frequency of the currents is tuned to a desired frequency, in particular to a frequency allowing to transfer the maximum possible power to the windings, which can be determined for example with an algorithm of the type “maximum power point tracking”, well known to one skilled in the art.
  • phase shifts are in fact subject to fluctuations mainly due to the movement of the laboratory animal or the patient inside the container 10 , as well as to the presence of other people in the container 10 together with the patient, and also to variations of the operation temperature of the apparatus 1 , manufacturing tolerances of the electronic components, external e.g. electromagnetic disturbances and the like, that may alter the resonance frequency. Tuning of the resonance frequency is therefore important to achieve the maximum possible power transfer and to optimize operation of the apparatus.
  • the reference signal is distributed from the programmable logic circuit 80 , which is adapted to perform a phase comparison between the control signals through a data bus.
  • the circuit 80 in programmable logic generates a second synchronization signal that is delayed phase-shifted, for example by 90°, with respect to the synchronism reference signal.
  • the windings having axes arranged in the perpendicular direction, for example in the second direction Y are driven by this phase-shifted driving signal.
  • the windings arranged with the axes in the second direction Y are synchronized with each other, but driven by a phase-shifted signal with respect to the windings arranged in the first direction Z.
  • the magnetic field present inside the cage is a vector rotating in the YZ plane.
  • This allows the winding of the resonant circuit of the bioelectronic device implanted in the laboratory animal to be coupled with the magnetic field present in the cage regardless of its position relative to the YZ plane, thus allowing operation of the bioelectronic device and/or recharging of its battery regardless of the position of the laboratory animal inside the cage 10 .
  • the laboratory animal housed in the cage 10 is free to move during operation of the bioelectronic device and/or charging of its battery in any zone of the cage 10 and also from one floor to another thereof, favoring execution of scientific and experimental activities.
  • the magnetic coupling is maximum when the winding of the resonant circuit of the bioelectronic device implanted in the laboratory animal is located in a plane perpendicular to the YZ plane, thus allowing to maximize energy transfer. Otherwise there will be a poorer coupling with a lower energy transfer, or no magnetic coupling nor energy transfer at all when the resonant circuit powering the bioelectronic implanted device is parallel to the YZ plane.
  • this driving mode is not limited to the preferred embodiment of the invention, which comprises a pair of parallel coaxial windings in the first and second directions Y, Z, respectively for each compartment of the cage 10 , but is also equally applicable when the composable container comprises only a first and a second winding with mutually perpendicular axes, the only difference being that the presence of a single winding in any direction does not result in the generation of magnetic fields having the same direction along the first and the second directions.
  • each compartment of the compartment 10 in order to obtain a rotation of the magnetic field vector in the space rather than on a plane it is possible to associate to each compartment of the compartment 10 at least one third winding arranged in a third direction of the cage 10 , for example a longitudinal direction X perpendicular to the transverse and vertical directions Y and Z, for example a third pair of windings (not shown) identical to each other and arranged coaxially and mutually spaced in the third direction X of the cage 10 .
  • a third winding arranged in a third direction of the cage 10 , for example a longitudinal direction X perpendicular to the transverse and vertical directions Y and Z, for example a third pair of windings (not shown) identical to each other and arranged coaxially and mutually spaced in the third direction X of the cage 10 .
  • the magnetic field vector Due to the configuration with three windings, or pairs of windings, arranged on planes perpendicular to each other, the magnetic field vector has a spatial orientation.
  • a rotation of the magnetic field vector in the space is obtained allowing power supply of the bioelectronic implanted device regardless of the position of the laboratory animal not only with respect to the YZ plane, but also with respect to XY and XZ planes.
  • Each resonant circuit of the powering and driving system 40 further comprises a pair of current sensors with transformer arranged along the cables that connect the power driver to the capacitors arranged at the ends of the winding and adapted to measure the current supplied to the capacitors and the windings.
  • the current sensors with transformer are respectively indicated by reference numerals 613 , 614 , 623 , 624 , 633 , 634 , 643 , 644 , 653 , 654 , 663 , 664 , 673 , 674 .
  • the current values measured by the current sensors are sent to a block 90 of the powering and driving system 40 , which is connected to the microprocessor 50 .
  • the block 90 performs a difference between the current values to check for any current leakage to ground. In the case of leakages e.g. due to poor insulation or accidental contact with an operator, the microprocessor 50 interrupts operation of the power driver associated with the leakage.
  • the capacitors associated to each winding are preferably accommodated in a container housed in a frame that houses the winding.
  • a container housed in a frame that houses the winding.
  • an opening sensor for example a micro switch
  • an identification system of the winding for example a resistor, which report their status and value to a microprocessor of the powering and driving system 40 through a data bus.
  • the opening sensor interrupts operation of the power driver of the respective winding if the container of the capacitors is accidentally opened.
  • the identification system of the winding is used to determine whether during wiring the association between the power driver and the respective winding is performed correctly.
  • the powering and driving system 40 further comprises at least one sensor suitable to detect the presence of a human being or a laboratory animal inside the container 10 .
  • the container comprises one detection sensor for each compartment 12 , 13 , for example an infrared type sensor.
  • the container comprises one detection sensor for each compartment 12 , 13 , for example an infrared type sensor.
  • an infrared type sensor for example an infrared type sensor.
  • two sensors of infrared type 120, 130 are schematically shown, which are respectively inserted into each compartment 12 , 13 .
  • the provision of at least one detection sensor for each compartment allows to generate the magnetic field only in the compartment where the laboratory animal is actually present, which offers the possibility to optimize the operation of the cage 10 from the point of view of energy consumption.
  • the embodiments of the invention herein described and illustrated are only examples susceptible of numerous variants.
  • the powering and driving system 40 may be housed in a special container connected to the windings and mountable on a wall of a room intended for housing the container 10 or directly on the container, thereby facilitating its displacement and installation.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
US14/406,783 2012-06-18 2013-06-18 Method and apparatus for wireless charging of a bioelectronic device implanted in a laboratory animal or in a human being Active 2034-08-31 US9831709B2 (en)

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ITMI2012A1049 2012-06-18
ITMI2012A001049 2012-06-18
IT001049A ITMI20121049A1 (it) 2012-06-18 2012-06-18 Gabbia per cavie da laboratorio e metodo per l¿alimentazione senza fili di un dispositivo bioelettronico impiantato in una cavia
PCT/IB2013/055009 WO2013190471A1 (en) 2012-06-18 2013-06-18 Method and apparatus for wireless charging of a bioelectronic device implanted in a laboratory animal or in a human being

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US11712502B2 (en) 2017-09-17 2023-08-01 Steven Paul KELLER Systems, devices, and methods for extracorporeal removal of carbon dioxide

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WO2015107465A1 (en) 2014-01-14 2015-07-23 Ab Medica Holding S.P.A. Electrocardiograph
CN104377792B (zh) * 2014-12-01 2016-10-05 联想(北京)有限公司 一种无线充电设备和方法
CN106329680B (zh) * 2015-06-29 2020-05-22 比亚迪股份有限公司 无线充电器
CN108988510A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2018-12-11 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 电能发射天线及应用其的电能发射装置
KR102644295B1 (ko) * 2016-11-08 2024-03-07 한국전자통신연구원 무선 충전 장치 및 방법
US10707692B2 (en) * 2017-01-26 2020-07-07 Medtronic, Inc. Recharge of implanted medical devices
JP6604459B2 (ja) * 2017-06-05 2019-11-13 中国電力株式会社 給電システム
CN109120075B (zh) * 2017-06-22 2023-11-28 恩智浦美国有限公司 检测无线充电发送器的充电区域内物体的方法与装置
US11152819B2 (en) * 2018-02-09 2021-10-19 Medtronic, Inc. Recharge of implanted medical devices
JP6712337B2 (ja) * 2018-06-07 2020-06-17 光電子株式会社 受電装置、実験動物生体情報取得装置及び実験動物生体情報取得システム

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ITMI20121049A1 (it) 2013-12-19
IN2014KN02824A (ja) 2015-05-08
JP2015523070A (ja) 2015-08-13
CN104427864B (zh) 2017-03-08
CN104427864A (zh) 2015-03-18
EP2755469B1 (en) 2016-04-06
ES2581552T3 (es) 2016-09-06
AU2013278927B2 (en) 2016-05-19
CA2875355A1 (en) 2013-12-27
US20150180267A1 (en) 2015-06-25
EP2755469A1 (en) 2014-07-23
CA2875355C (en) 2020-04-28
WO2013190471A1 (en) 2013-12-27

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