US977299A - Blading for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

' L. A. HAINES. BLADING FOR TURBINES. APPLIOATION FILED APR. 25, 1910.

977,299 Patented Nov; 29, W10.

2 EHEETB-SHEET 1.,

L. A. HAI NES. BLADING FOR TURBINES. APPLIGATIOII FILED APR. 25'. 1910.

Patented Nov. 29, 1910.

2 sums-sum! LEWIS A. names, or COLUMBUS, 01110.

BLADING FOR TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov. 29, 1910.

Application filed April 25, 1910. Serial No. 557,448.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I. LEWIS A. HAINES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Bladingfor Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines and more particularly to blading or bucket means for turbines.

One objectof the invention is to provide simple and efi'cctive means for expeditiously assembling and positively securing turbine blades or buckets to their supporting elements with a resultant increase in the efficiency and commercial advantages of turbine structures generally.

The invention contemplates the association of a plurality of blades or buckets held in spaced relation by separate interposed blocks, the blades or buckets and blocks having a relative configuration and snugly interfitting at their applied portions, and a strand or wire threaded through the blades or'buckets to provide-a flexible organization which is applied to either a rotating or fixed supporting element.

The invention further consists in the details of construction and arrangement. of the several parts which will be more fully hereinafter specified.

For the sake of brevity and also for convenience of description, the term blade or blades, buckets, or vanes wherever used throughout the specification and in the claims will be employed to denote either the rotating blades, buckets or vanes,

or the stationary similar devices, and the" term blade carrying element will denote either the stationary or the rotating blade carrying element or ring.

In the drawings Figure l is an elevation of a blade or bucket carrying elenient'partially in section and embodying the features of the invention.- Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse vertical section through a portion of the structure as shownby Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view, partially in full and dotted lines, showing the flexible bar or strip of blades or buckets for application to the carrying element. Fig. 4 is a detail transverse vertical section through a portion of the carrying element and blades or buckets and space blocks showing the latter and the securing means asthey appear prior to the final compressing or swaging operations. Fig. 5 is a top plan View of a portion of the carrying element and blades or. buckets 'and'space blocks, and particularly illustrating the formation of the keys on the 'calking strip and the blocks relativelyto the carrying element. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of one of the end blades or buckets. Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of one of the intermediate bladesor buckets.

.Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of one of the space blocks. Fig. 9 is a detail perspective view of a portion of the calking strip for securing the blades or buckets and space blocks on the carrying element.

Each blade carrying element 5 is formed with an outer circumferentially extending channel or groove 6 of greater width than the bases of the blades or buckets and space blocks or-spacers" disposed therein, and the opposite side walls of each channel or groove are formed with counter-grooves or key seats 7 The blades or buckets 8 are of a proximate crescent-shape and are of suc length as to have a practical projection outwardly from the blade or bucketcarrying element 5 when applied and are held in spaced relation by space blocks or spacers 9 formed with 'front and rear sides of concave and convex contour corresponding to the similar contours of the front and rear sides or faces of the blades or buckets. By this relative contour of the blades or buckets and the blocks or spacers a snug interfitting I of the inner or base extremities of the blades or buckets and the blocks orspacers ensues when the said parts are associated in o erative relation.- The opposite ends 0 the blocks or spacers 9 are thicker or heavier than the intermediate portions of the same and form practically aistraightwall on each side of the series of the blades or buckets and the blocks when the latter parts are assembled. The blocks or spacers 9 are normall of a slightly greater length than the dept of the channel or groove 6,"but when-the blades or buckets and the blocks or spacers are finally secured in place the top surfaces of the blocks will be flush with the outer surface of the element 5, as will be more fully hereinafter explained;-

All of the blades or buckets and the blocks 7 thereof which are disposed in the channel or groove 6 of the element 5, there being a single opening in each blade or bucket and block or spacer, and the openings of all of the blades or buckets and blocks or spacers are formed in the same position or have an exact location so that when the blades or buckets and the blocks or spacers are assembled the openings therethrough will provide a practically continuous bore. Through the medium of the openin s in the blades or buckets and blocks or spacers and respectively dosi natcd by the numerals l0 and 11, the said parts may be assembled to form a flexible bucket bar, as it were, through the medium of a strand or wire 12 which is threaded through the openings. It is preferred, in order to tightly associate and cause 1 a preliminary snug inter-fitting of the blades or buckets and the blocks or spacers, that the latter be strung on the strand or wire 12 in successive groups of predetermined number and tightened up by suitable clamping means, one group first being clamped, a sec- 0nd group then being forced up against the first group and clamped and the succeeding groups likewise applied until the requisite number of blades or buckets and blocks or spacers has been strung on the wire. The wire ends will project from the end blade or bucket or block or spacer at each extremity of the flexible bar so produced and all ot the buckets and blocks will be held tightly clamped on the wire and in this condition disposed in the channel or groove 6, the or strip of buckets and blocks being gradually bent to conform to the curvature of the base of the said channel or groove '6 and the buckets thereby caused to assume a proper radial relation to the carrying element 5. After the flexible bar of buckets and blocks has been fully applied around the carrying element 5, the projecting ends of the strand or wire 12 are bent downwardly and passed through to the inner side of the element 5, as at 13, and secured by bending the same, but prior to the final secureinent of the strand or wire ends a suitable clamping band or other clamping "means to exert drawing action on the blades or buckets is l applied over the latter and operated to gradually draw and tighten the series of buckets and blocks toward the two ends where the ends otthe wire are to be secured, and when the proper degree of tightness has j v [strip 16 and than been obtained the wire ends are then bent in opposite dircctionsagainst the inner side or periphery of the carrying element 5 as shown.

After the wire ends have been secured as i block being of the same contour as the remaining blocks 5) but without the opening adl jacent to the bcnt ends of the wire. said key 11 theretluongh. To accommodates close bending of the wire ends against the base portions of the end buckets ol? the series, said buckets have depending grooves as at 15, one in. each bucket. and into these grooves the wire sinks or is drawn when the final tightening of the flexibly associated series of blades or buckets and blocks ei'l'ected. I

As hereinbc'tore intimated, the channel or groove 6 is wider than the blades or buckets and blocks, and in the space formed between the one side of the associated blades or bur cts and blocks and adjacent side wall oi the channel a copper milking or milking s i p ll) i. introduced and hammered or expanded so as to force a portion thereof into the adjacent gr'oc've 7 to provide a key, as at 1'7. This copper or analo 'ous talking or calking strip ll' may be compress it into the space as just specified through the medium of a suitable pneumatic hammer, and primarily the said calking or calking strip will snu 'ly lit the spate in crosssection and also sli 'htly project above and outwardly beyond'the outer edge portion ot the element 5. When the copper calking or calking strip ill is secured in place, the outer edge thereof will be flush with the outer edge oortion of the element 5 The upper portions oi the blocks or spacers are next l-tubiected to a swaging action by introducing a pneumatic hauuiier between the buckets f nd against the said blocks and the upper slig itlyprojected portions of said blocks or the metal embodied in said projecti ig portions will be compressed into the body of the blocks and cause the latter to expand and entirely close up any cracks or crevices between the inner extremities of the blades or buckets and the blocks and also cause the latter to expand laterally into the groove 7 opposite that engaged by the expandcd portion or key l? of the copper calklug or calking strip it; to form key means l8. W'hen thiscompression of the blocks will have been completed their upper porlions will also be flush with the outer edge portions of the carrying element 3 and zopper calking or calking strip ill. and the buckcts and blocks will securely and positively held in the carrying elementand re- HSl any tendency to loosening or displacement. The buckets and blocks may be rcplaced at any time found. necessary by first -cutting out (he coppcr (talking or cal'king subsequently inserting a now culking strip in the manner hcreinbelorc explained.

ll' hat is claimed is:

1. In a turbine the combination with a circuniferentially channeled supporting element, of a flexible blade bar composed of a plurality oi blades and space blocks alternately arranged and threaned on a stringer, the bar being applied in the channeled sup- I applied bar and fitted over the extremities of the stringer. v

4. In a turbine, the combination vwith a-- the stringer having its extremities inserted vice inserted between the ends of the flexible porting element and having the ends'of the stringer passed through and secured to said Supporting element. v

2. In a turbine, the combination with a' supporting element having a circumferential channel, of a plurality of alternately arranged blades or buckets and space devices of relative configurations, the blades or buckets and space devices being preliminar- 11y disposed on a flexible stringer and-applied in and bent around the said channel,

supporting element, of a flexible blade or bucket bar applied around and secured to said supporting element and having a stringer extending therethrough, a key deblade or bucket bar Whenthe latter is applied, and calking means interposed between the applied blade or bucket bar and a portion of the supporting element and having a part of the. same projected into the said element.

5. In a turbine, the combination Witlna l supporting element, of a flexible blade or bucket bar applied around and secured to said supporting element, the blade or bucket bar being composed of a plurality of blades or buckets and space devices and a flexible strand threaded through the blades or buckets and space devices prior to the application of the latter to the supporting element, the

extremities of the flexible strand being in serted through portions of the supporting element and serving as a holding means for the blade or bucket bar.

6. In a turbine, the combination with a supporting element having a groove therein,

of a flexible motive agent engaging means provided with a stringer extending therethrough, the extremities of the stii gcr being removably inserted through a portion of the supporting element, and calking means interposed between a portion of the supportv ing element and the motive agent engaging means.

7. In a turbine. the combination'vvith a supporting element having a groove there1n,-

of a flexible blade or'bucketbar having a stringer extending therethrough and prel1m-' inarily prepared and applied to the groove of the supporting element, the blade 'or bucket bar being composed of a plurality of alternately arranged blades or buckets and space devices closely inter-fitting and disposed in relative position prior to a plication to the supporting element, a We ge device interposed between the contiguous ends of the applied bar, and calking means interposed between one side of the bar and the adjacent portion of the supporting element.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto semy hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses. I

LEWIS A. I-IAINES. Witnesses CIrAs. S. Hymn, JAMES L. Remus, Jr.

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