US964109A - Heating apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

' J. M. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

964,109 APPLICATION FILED JUNE 20, 190B. 12,

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HEATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED nmnzo, 1908.

964,109; Patented July 12,1910;

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J. M. W. KITCHEN, HEATING APPARATUS,

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 20, 190B,

Patented July 12, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHBLET 3.

\l IIIIl Inventor:

JOSEPH M. W. KITCHEN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 12, 1910.

Application filed June 20, 1908. Serial No. 439,581. m

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OSEPI-I M. IV. KIToHEN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of East Orange, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to secure a reasonable amount of health, comfort and economy in heating at a moderate cost for installing the heating apparatus. It is particularly designed for those installations in which a. low primary cost is a necessity, as in small two and three family houses; in which cases each section of the house is heated by a separate heating appliance.

Inasmuch as heating by steam is usually the most feasible means of heating, I incorporate in this apparatus, and make the central feature of it, a steam boiler; and as the cast iron sections of a "stem boiler are expensive, I adopt the circular disk form as being the most economical. In connection with this type of boiler I provide a circular furnace conforming in shape to the boiler disks; but prefer to use and extend only two disks horizontally over a larger horizontal surface and peripherally beyond the furnace part of the apparatus than is usual in apparatuses of this class, instead of superimposing a larger number of disks one upon the other. Inasmuch as a boiler of this type does not provide for the absorption of degrees of heat in the heating gases that are lower than the temperature of the water in the boiler I provide to use with the boiler an inexpensive economizer attachment through which to run the waste heating gases. In

this economizer a considerable portion of,

the heat is transmitted to an air supply traveling through the economizer, and in this heated air the economized heat is conveyed for heating and respiration. I also use a dependent tubular chimney check draft specifically placed with reference to the gas passages of the other parts of the apparatus.

In the drawings: Figure 1 represents a front elevation, partly in section, of the furnace and boiler of an apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view, looking downwardly, of the same apparatus taken on the line a a, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional view, looking upwardly, of the apparatus taken on the line b?), Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a plan view, partly broken away, of the grate and brick tray of the furnace of the apparatus, taken on the line 00, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side elevational View of one of the grate bars. Fig. 6 is a cross section of the grate bar taken on the line dcZ, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents an elevational View of another type of apparatus with the annexed economizer, a chimney, and a chimney check draft, parts being in section. Fig. 8 is an elevational representation of the boiler and furnace shown in Fig. 7, with the disk section parts in cross section. Fig. 9 is a plan view of a soot and dust scraper which may be used in the type of boiler shown in Fig. 8. This scraper revolves and brings dust and soot near to the clean out door of the boiler, from whence it is easy to remove it. Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view of the scraper shown in Fig. 9, taken on the line 6-6. Fig. 11 shows a transverse vertical section of a preferred form of my invention. Fig. 12 shows a transverse horizontal section of the boiler shown in Fig. 11 taken on the line gg, looking upward. Fig. 13 is a transverse horizontal section of the boiler shown in Fig. 11 taken on the line f-f, looking downward. Fig. 1 1 is a cross section of the apparatus shown in Fig. 11 taken on the line 7ih, looking upward.

In the type of apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, the foundation on which the boiler B rests comprises a circular base B which is composed of several cast iron sections bolted together by flanges B At the front of this base there is a part B which forms the front of the base and which con tains the ash pit A. This ash pit has walls A to sustain the ends of the grate bars G. This ash pit can be drawn forward and outside of the base B to allow for repairs and replacement of grate bars. There is an annular air space A between the ash pit wall A and the external walls of the base 13. This annular air space does not extend in front where the ash pit door is placed; but it is separated from the ash pit by the walls A Over-fuel air for combustion is introduced in this air space through the draft slide A and is conveyed through the air tubes E to a level above the fuel mass, and is there conveyed centripetally at distributed through the fuel mass.

intervals from around the casement of the fire-pot C. Resting on the upper part of the base B is a circular tray T, which has a circular opening conforming to the size and shape of the assembled grate bars Gr. These grate bars have a supporting ventilated truss G and with the grate bar shafts G extend from the rear of the ash pit to and through the part of the ash pit where they are connected with the shaker bar E G is a grate bar rocking crank.

The fire-pot G is cylindrical, conforming to the shape of the boiler B, and may be composed of several sections bolted together as in the base. This fire-pot comprises the fire-pot proper and the lower part of the combustion chamber C The fire-pot has a thick heat refractory lining H which rests on the tray T. The object of this thick lining is to prevent conveyance of heat laterally from the burning fuel until after combustion has been substantially perfected, thus obviating the defect usual in apparatus of this kind, where more or less imperfect combustion is common owing to a premature absorption of heat from the burning fuel into closely adjacent water. The air tubes E are carried through prepared recesses and crevices in the nonconducting brick lining H close to the metallic incasement C of the fire-pot, and discharge air through the lining in the crevices E in the brick lining at distributed intervals of the lining. The air tubes E are fastened in the tray T in the apertures E through which the air for combustion above the fuel-mass passes from the annular space A It is essential to secure good combustion in the ordinary methods of infrequent and neglected fuel-feeding in domestic heating practice, to have a very considerable amount of air for combustion introduced over the fuelmass in order to secure an equable rate of combustion and a complete burning of the volatilized gases, which in other forms of apparatus, usually escape more or less unburned as soon as the clogging of the fuel-mass with ashes prevents sufficient air from passing through the fuel-mass. Furthermore, in order to provide enough fuel to last for ten or twelve hours, a thicker fuel mass must be provided than will allow suflicient air to pass But in previously designed domestic heaters air for combustion introduced over the fuel has been wrongly introduced in too large amounts, and too much in one place, the results being a defective combustion process and deficient heat absorption. In the arrangement here shown, the over fuel-mass air supply is distributed equably and in moderate amounts at each place of introduction and the metallic air tubes are protected from the destructive action of the intense heat of the fire. In this apparatus I do not have the heat absorbing surfaces of my boiler in contact with burning fuel, or with heating gases at a low level. By keeping such heating surfaces at a level above a point at which combustion has become substantially perfected, I prevent more or less imperfect combustion. In this apparatus I aim to first secure a substantially perfect combustion before transmitting any of the heat generated. The boiler part of the apparatus is constructed and disposed in relation to the furnace part so as to be in harmony with this aim. Over the fire-pot C is placed a circular annular tray T This extends exteriorly from the peripheral side walls of the fire-pot in order to provide a support for the non-conducting covering I of the disk sections D, D D and D The disk-section D is the primary or base disk and is superimposed over the furnace part. A concavity G in the lower part of the section D composes the upper part of the combustion chamber of the apparatus;

but it should be considered as a combustion perfecting chamber inasmuch as the whole combustion chamber is of unusual vertical extent. Each of the disks has a dome shaped cavity of this nature in its inferior surface for the purpose of catching and holding the hot gases to secure a quicker and more complete transmission of the heat to the water in the disks. These gases be ing under the buoyant influence of gravity, there is secured a measurable increase of pressure of the gases against the heat absorbing surfaces of the under parts of the disks. This arrangement also tends to se cure a measurable increase of time to effect the absorption of heat from the gases. Each section has an annular water leg J, the vertical depth of which separates the disks sufliciently to allow for the travel of the gases between the disks, and to allow access between the disks through clean-out doors for the removal of dust and ashes. The revolving soot scraper G facilitates the removal of dust and ashes. The interiors of the disks are joined at their centers by push-nipples or other water conveying connections D and are held rigidly in place by bolted lugs M. WVater cocks N are in each section to empty the sections. Feed water is introduced in the lower disk through the water inlet 0 and water or steam finds an outlet from the boiler through the outlets P in the top of the uppermost disk. Gas apertures Q, and Q are provided in the sections, these apertures Q being placed alternately at the periphery of the primary disk D (see Fig. 3) and then Q at the center of the next section (see Fig. 2). The gases rising vertically in the combustion chamber spread out horizontally over the inferior surface of the disk section periphery of the fire-pot C,

' shells of the disks,

D and then are conveyed centrifugally to the peripherally located gas apertures Q. The gases are distributed and lose most of their heat traveling over relatively lon horizontal distances in equably distribute l layers or currents.

As many pairs of disks are introduced in the boiler as may be necessary; but I prefer in simple forms, such as is shown in Fig. 11 to have only one pair of disks; and to secure suflicient heat absorbing surface by extending the disks horizontally beyond the and by securing suflicient heat transmitting effect by means of ridges or fins extending into the gas passages and into the water space. The equable distribution of the heating gases is helped by the radially disposed ridges R, which are cast integral with the inferior surfaces of the disk sections. On the opposite side of the disk shell to which these ridges R are attached, are ridges R which extend upwardly in the water in the disks. In the center of the under sides of the disks that have the gas passages Q at the center of the disks, some of these ridges (see R Fig. 2) are constructed around the gas apertures Q} so as to prevent the hot gases pass ing through the gas apertures at a level above the lower edges of the ridges. In other words I thus provide for collecting and holding the gases in the concavities of all the disk-sections through the upward buoyant pressure of the hot gases, which are held in place by these ridges; and this pertains where the inferior shell surface of the disk is on a horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 11 as well as where curved as shown in Fig. 8. There are no ridges on either the upper or under surface of the top inasmuch as the gases are only held upwardly against the under side of the disks by their buoyancy, and because the upper surface of the disks needs to be smooth to provide for the removal of soot and dust through the clean-out doors.

The disks are provided with a bead S to prevent the injurious distensible effect of an accumulation of iron rust between the sections at their points of contact.

S is a smoke nozzle through which the gases find admission into the smoke pipe S U, Fig. 7, is an economizer for absorbing the heat of the waste gases. It consists of an upper part U composed of an aggregation of cast iron headers, and a lower part U composed also of an aggregation of cast iron headers. These headers are connected with thin sheet metal heating tubes V X is a smoke and waste gas conduit leading from the bottom of the economizer U. Y is a damper for controlling the chimney check draft W. Y is a damper. Y is a damper for diverting the waste gases downward through the economizer from the smoke pipe. V is a fresh air inlet. Z are conduits for conveying warmed air. This economizer utilizes the waste heat escaping through the boiler for warming air for respiration, and as an adjunct means of heating in connection with directly radiated steam heat from radiators supplied from the boiler.

Referring now to the form of apparatus shown in Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive, which is preferred for certain uses, attention is drawn to the method for introducing over fuel-mass air for combustion. This air is introduced through the slide F (see Fig. 8) and follows the air recess F around the periphery of the fire-pot, and finds its emission into the combustion chamber C through special grooves andrecesses F formed in the fire-brick F and between the interstices of the fire-brick. The lower disk of this boiler has a plane surface exposed to the fire. The object of this disk is to avoid too much heat absorption at a low level but to act mostly as a heat resisting button and spreader of the gases, which are then conveyed through the apertures Q (see Fig. 14:) to the peripheries of the concavity in the upper disk. The gases rise vertically as they emerge from these apertures Q and are caught at the outside of the many circular ridges or fins R (shown in Figs. 11 and 12), and being held up against the inferior surface of the upper disk have to travel in a staggered manner in and out of the ridges R before they reach the smoke exit S at the center of the disk. In an apparatus of this type the water connection between disks is made by three push nipples D located at the peripheries of the disks. Heat transmission is increased by means of the ridges R R R, R and R The ridges or fins that are introduced in the structure of the disks comprised in this apparatus, are variously placed to meet necessary conditions in foundry practice in securing easy molding both in the pattern prints and in the dry sand cores used. Ordinarily, fins are made projecting into the gas spaces, located transversely to the run of the water in the disks, while the fins or disks which project in the water of the disks are placed in a line parallel with the run of the water. The arrangement of these fins is so as not to impede the current-flow of the water or to prevent the water from being drawn entirely out of the disks. In some cases the fins are so placed as to strengthen the shell of the disks against internal pressure. In some instances the fins are so placed as to direct the flow of the gas currents. In other cases the fins are so placed as to obstruct that flow and secure a longer travel for the gas currents. Both of these dispositions are shown in Fig. 12 (see R and R The disposition to secure a strengthening effect &

of the fins against internal pressure is shown in Figs. 11 and 13. In Figs. 11 and let are shown fins R which connect the top and bottom casing of the disk, and which in this way strengthen against internal pressure.

In the case of the form of boiler shown in Figs. 8 and 11, the casing of the fire-pot is expanded externally into an annular expanded collar and disk supporter D which supports the disks and the nonconducting covering of the boiler and conveys the gases from the fire-pot proper into the concavity of the lower disk. Ringlike ridges H on the interior of the expanded collar serves to catch dust and ashes and this prevents radiation of heat through the expander.

Various features herein described and illustrated, but not claimed in this application, are claimed in co-pending application Serial No. 439,581, filed Oct. 13, 1908.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new is:

1. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a plurality of circular disk sections, each section having an annular water leg, beads for preventmg corrosive distention betweensaid disk sections, water connections between said sections a heating concavity formed between the annular water leg in each section, heat transmitting fins extending into said concavities, and fins extending in the water spaces of said sections.

2. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a circular furnace, said furnace comprising a heat non-conducting lined firepot and means for introducing adequate supplies of air for combustion over the fuel mass peripherally to said fuel mass in divided currents under control, (2) an expander collar and support located above said fire-pot and connecting said fire'pot and a disk section and supporting said disk section, said disk section, said disk section being of larger horizontal diameter than said fire pot, said disk section being located at a level above said expander collar, said disk section being constructed and arranged to pass the burned gases from said fire pot over the heating surfaces of said disk section centripetally from the periphery of said section to and through a gas aperture in the center of said section, and said aperture.

3. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a heat non-conducting lined firepot, (2) a horizontal hollow disk section provided with a water supply and having a smoke and steam out-let through said section, and an expander collar uniting said fire-pot and a disk-section.

4. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a circular fire-pot, (2) an annular expander ring or collar and support for a disk section, (3) a plurality of disk sections composing a base section, the base section being a gas spreader having gas apertures peripherally located, the uppermost section having a central gas outlet, a steam outlet, ridges or fins extending into a gas space and into the water spaces of the disksections, 1) said water spaces, and (5) a clean-out opening for removing dust and soot from between said sections, said sections being of larger horizontal diameter than said fire-pot.

5. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a fire-pot, (2) a disk-section, and (3) an annular expander for connecting said fire-pot and said disk-section and for supporting said section and a non-conducting covering for said section.

6. In a heating apparatus, a disk-section having a central smoke outlet, a dependent annular ring at the lower opening of said smoke outletfor collecting heating gases, circular depending heat transmitting ridges broken in the continuity of said circular ridges, said breaks in said circular ridges being staggered in their relative relation to one another for increasing length of gas travel, means for delivering heating gases at the periphery of said sections, an annular water leg for said section, radial ridges or fins on the interior surfaces of said annular water leg extending into a gas space, and ridges extending from the inferior casement of said sections into the water space of said sections.

7. In a heating apparatus, a horizontal circular disk section having ridges or fins for increasing heat transmission, said ridges or fins being arranged transversely to the flow of water in the sections and extending into a gas space, between the sections and having ridges and fins extending into the water space of said sections but arranged parallel with the line of the travel of said water.

8. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a fire-pot, (2) two disk-sections tions, a clean-out door between said sections, and a rotary scraper between said sections for scraping soot and dust to a position accessible from said door.

9. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a fire-pot, (2) two disk sections of larger horizontal diameter than the firepot, (3) an expanding collar uniting said fire-pot and said sections, (4:) a clean-out door for cleaning between said sections, (5) a centrally located smoke outlet through the uppermostof said sections, (6) a smoke pipe to a chimney, (7) means for economizing heat from the gases that pass from and beyond the heating surfaces of said disk-sec-.

tions, and (8) a chimney check draft, said elements being arranged at such levels as to maintain layers or strata of gas of equal temperatures at substantially the same levels in the gas spaces of said disk-sections in said economizer and in said chimney check-draft.

10. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) cast iron sections chambered for water and steam, said sections being con-- nected and having their chambers communicating, and (2) a furnace, said furnace having a fire-pot circumscribed by heat non-conducting walls but not having water containing sections at a level below the top of the fire-pot of said furnace, said sections having all of the parts of the same superimposed on and at a level above the top of the nonconducting wall circumscribing said fire-pot, said sections being constructed and disposed to catch and collect in a concavity the heating gases rising from said fire-pot and having exit for said gases at a level below the highest level of each of said concavities, said exit being at a level lower than the highest level of said concavity.

11. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a firepot with non-conducting laterally placed side walls to prevent the lateral escape of heat from the fire mass in said fire-pot and for improving combustion, (2) water containing chambered sections superimposed above said fire-pot and constructed to contain a concavity for catching the hot rising gases from said fire-pot and having an exit for said gases at a low level in said concavity, and (3) fins on the heating surfaces of said sections in said cavity for increasing the transmission of heat from said gases to said water.

12. In a heating apparatus, a hot water or steam boiler comprising the combination of a plurality of clislesections, said disk-sections having on their inferior surfaces concavities for collecting, catching and holding hot gases, means providing for the travel of said gases alternately over the heating surfaces of said disk-sections from the center of one disk-section to the periphery of said disk section and vertically through said disk-section at said periphery, and for the travel of said gases centripetally to the center of another disk-section and vertically through said last named disk-section at or near the center of said last named disk-section, said disk-sections providing for repeating said method of travel of gases under and between the disk-sections of said boiler, and for finally finding exit vertically at or near the center of a disk-section of said boiler into a smoke conduit, and said conduit.

13. In a heating apparatus, a hot water or steam boiler comprising the combination of metallic ridges of fins extending into the gas passages of said boiler from the heating surfaces of said boiler, and of other ridges or fins extending into the water of said boiler from said heating surfaces oppositely to said first named ridges or fins, said construction having for its purpose to increase the rate of heat transmission from the heating gases to the water in said boiler.

14. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a plurality of disk-sections, some of said sections having gas apertures through the center of the sections and the alternate or intermediate sections having apertures through the periphery of the sections, and ridges or fins radiating from the centrally located gas passages or projecting inwardly from gas passages at the periphery of a section, said ridges being continued around the entrance of said gas passages so as to hold hot gases in a concavity in the interior surfaces of said disks, said construction being for distributing diifusedly the heating gases over the heating surfaces of said boiler and for increasing heat transmission.

15. In a heating apparatus, a disk-boiler comprising the combination of a lower disksection, an upper disk-section, and intermediate pairs of disk-sections, all of said disk-sections having an annular water leg depending from the main body of the disks and having beaded ridges for preventing damage from accumulation of rust between said disks, said disks having provision for bolting said disks together, said lower disk having a concavity fulfilling the function of the upper part of the combustion chamber, and having water conduit connections, all of said disks having provision for emptying the water from the interior of said disks at the lowest level of the annular water legs of said disks, said upper disk havin steam or water outlets and a smoke nipp e connection.

16. In a heating apparatus, a hot water or steam boiler comprising water containing sections having heat absorbing ridges and fins extending into the water in said boiler, said fins and ridges being disposed on the heating surfaces of said boiler at places where the force of gravity brings the gases in contact with such fins or ridges, but other surfaces of said boiler inclosing the water spaces of said boiler being free from said fins and ridges.

17. In a heating apparatus, a hot water or steam boiler comprising a pair of disksections having concavities in their inferior surfaces, having peripherally located gas apertures or passages in one disk-section and having centrally located gas apertures or passages in the other section, for securing an extended horizontal contact of heating gases with the heating surfaces of said boiler, said sections being joined by a water conveying connection.

18. In a heating apparatus, comprising a steam or hot water boiler having water containing disks arranged in horizontal sections, ridges or fins extending from the heating surfaces of said boiler into the gas passages of said boiler, for increasing heat transmission.

19. In a heating apparatus, a sectional boiler comprising ridges or fins extending from the heating surfaces of said boiler and,

so disposed and located as to increase heat absorption in said boiler and for distributing equably in horizontal currents the heating gases over the heating surfaces of said boiler.

20. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a furnace and a steam or hot Water boiler, said furnace and said boiler being of a cylindrical shape, said boiler being composed of cylindrical disk-sections superimposed one above the other and connected with each other by water conveying con nections, said furnace being arranged and disposed to secure a substantially perfect combustion of the fuel used in said furnace before the heating gases from said furnace are brought in contact with the heat absorbing surfaces of said boiler, all the heat absorbing surfaces of said boiler being located above the top level of said furnace.

21. In a heating apparatus, a hot water or steam boiler comprising the combination of a plurality of disk sections, said disk-sections having on their inferior surfaces concavities and depending ridges arranged around exit apertures for collecting, catching and holding hot gases, means providing for the travel of said gases alternately over the heating surfaces of said disk-sections from the center of one disk-section to the periphery of said disk-section and thence Vertically through said disk-section at said periphery and for the travel of said gases centrifugally through the center of another disk-section and vertically through said last named disk-section at or near the center of said disk-section, said disk-sections providing for heating said travel of gases under and between the disk-sections ofsaid boiler, and for finally finding exit vertically at the center of a disk-section of said boiler into a smoke conduit, and said conduit.

22. In a heating apparatus, the combina-. tion of two or more disk sections, a clean out door between two sections, and a revolving scraper between two sections for bringing dust and soot to said door for the convenient removal of said dust from between said sections.

Signed at the city of New York, county of New York, and State of New York, this 18th day of June, 1908.

JOSEPH M. WV. KITCHEN.

Witnesses GEO. L. WHEELooK, W. A. TOWNER, Jr.

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