US954855A - Garbage evaporator and crematory. - Google Patents

Description

P L. BECAME. GARBAGE EVAPORATOR AND CREMATORY.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1906. 1

54,85 Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

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Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

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APPLICATION FILED JAN.2, 1906.

P. L. DEUARIE.

GARBAGE EVAPORATOR AND OREMATORY.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1906.

954 8555 Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

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F. L. BECAME. GARBAGE EVAPORATOR AND CREMATORY.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1906 UNITED STATES PATENT orrron. f

- FELIX L. DECARIE, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MIIblNESOTA, ASSIGNQR, BY M-EBNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO DECARIE INCINERATOR COMPANY.

Specification of. Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

Application filed January 2, 1906. Serial No. 294,179.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FELIX L. DECARIE, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Minneapolis, county of Hennepin, State of Minnesota, have invented a new and useful Garbage Evaporator and Crematory, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in crematories designed especially for evaporating the moisture from garbage and. other refuse and cremating the solid material, and

part of this specification, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a crematory embodying my invention. tal section of the same taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a similar section on line 3--3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section showing a modified construction. Fig. 5 is a transverse'vertical section on line 5 5, of Fig. 4, a modified form of feed-hopper being shown. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section on line 66 of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a detail section of the structure shown in Fig. 4 withamodified arrangement of the stack.

In all of the drawings, 2 represents the main combustion chamber, which may be of circular form as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, or of rectan ular form as shown in the other figures of v the drawing. The walls of the combustion chamber may be formed of an inner metallic shell 3, and an outer metallic shell v4, said shells being, arranged with a suitable water space between them, and being secured togetherby suitable stay-bolts 5. The upper portion of this double walled shell is preferably extended inward horizontally, forming a steam and water chamber 6 of annular form. The central opening 7 through said chamber forms both the inlet Fig. 2 is a horizon-- for material, and. the outlet for the smoke and gases passing from the combustion chamber to the flue leading .to the stack.

The combustion chamber 2 has arranged above it a vertical wall .8, Preferably formed of fire brick or other suitable material, and this is covered by a horizontal wall 9, and a platform or floor 10, in which is arranged an opening, having a suitable cover 11. Below this openin is a vertical chute or hopper 12 leading to t e combustion chamber. By removing the cover 11 the refuse material maybe thrown or dumped intothe centeriof the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is provided with a suitable garbage holding and drying basket 13. This basket is preferably made up-of a series of pipes 14, having their upper ends connected to the annular water space or chamber 6. and their lower ends connected to the space between the shells 3 and 4. Each of saidpipes is provided also with the inturned portion 15, alternate ipes having longer inturned portions as shown in Fig. 3. These pi es or tubes 14. form a storage basket into whlch the material is dumped often in a very damp or wet condition. This basket has a large capacity, preferably 40 or 50 tons, varying,

however, with the capacity of the plant, and is designed to hold the garbage in whatever condition it may be, in suspension, within the combustion chamber. The basket may be, and usuall is, filled with garbage before the fires areighted and whlle supporting the material within reach of the flames, prevents it from coming indirect contact with the fuel andsmotherlng or checking the fire. This feature-of the apparatus is particularly valuable in case the garbage is in a damp or very wet condition. The basket is so constructed and supported as will hereinafter appear, that the flames can pass up through and around it-and dry its contents and artially consume the same Without the weight of the garbage-being thrown upon the grate or the fire beneath. In other words, the materialto be consumed is sus ended wlthin the combustion chamber within reach of and subjected to the action of the flames without in anyway checking or smothering the fire, which would result if the garbage should be dum d directly upon the grate. 7 Be ow the basket 13 is a flat grate 16 consisting of a series of fiat bars each havin a series of perforations and the bars beluga so arranged with narrow spaces between them. Below the grate 16 is a double bottomed evaporating pan 17 in which the liquid that drains out of the garbage and passes down through the grate 16, Will be collected. By supplying steam to the space below the upper bottom of the pan 17 the pan may be heated so as to cause the liquid to be evaporated andthe vapor passing upward through the grate 16 will be consumed with the gases arising from the garbage or refuse material in the basket 13. Suitable .door openings 18 and 20 are provided permitting access to the interior of the crematory above the grate 16 and above the evaporating pan 17. Through these doors ashes and incombustible material may be removed. I also prefer to provide the walls of the combustion chamber with suitable stoking holes 21 and 22.

In a separate chamber 23 arranged at one side of the shell of the crematory, I provide one or more auxiliary grates. This chamber, therefore, forms an auxiliary furnace in which a fire may be maintained by the consumption of coal or other fuel. In this auxiliary furnace I have shown an ordinary lower grate 24 and an upper grate 25 preferably formed of water pipes or tubes connected with the water space between the shells 3 and 4 of the combustion chamber, so that a circulation of water is maintained through said grate. The opening from the lower auxiliary furnace into the combustion chamber of the crematory is above the grate l6 and below the basket 13. The grate 24 is arranged below this opening while the grate 25 is arranged above it. The auxiliary furnace is provided with suitable fuel doors 27, an ash door 28, and a stoking door 29. It will be seen that with this arrangement, by maintaining a separate fire on each of the grates 24 and 25, an up-draft is obtained on the lower grate and a down-draft on the upper grate. The flames from these two grates, therefore, come together and pass through the opening leading from the auxiliary furnace to the combustion chamber of the crematory and by the use of the two grates, a perfect combustion of the fuel upon the grate is secured. The flame from they auxiliary furnace passing into the lower part of the crematory combustion chamber, passes upward through and around the basket 13 and passin throu h the annular space 7 enters the ue leading to the stack. As the flames pass around the basket they cause the moisture to be evaporatedfrom the garbage, and other refuse material, and heat and dry the remaining portion thereof, and gradually consume the same as it moves downward in the basket.

A portion of the garbage or refuse material will fall through the central space, between the inturned portions of the tubes, forming the basket, and will then rest upon camera;

the grate 16 where it will be consumed. Some of the partially consumed material may also drop down between the tubes form ing the basket and this material will be consumed while resting upon the grate 16. The principal part of the dried garbage will pass down through the central space or discharge opening in the bottom of the garbage holding basket, as this space is much greater than the space between the tubes of which the basket is formed. As the material in the basket becomes dried, it tends to automatically feed through the discharge opening onto the lower grate, and, as this material is consumed, more material will fall through the opening and this process will be continued so long as fresh material is supplied to the basket.

It will be noted that there is a clear space between the basket and'the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and as it is customary to till the basket only partially full of garbage or refuse material, there is always a clear space for the passa e of the flames around and over the top 0 the mass of garbage and refuse material in the basket. By this means an evaporation of the moisture and a complete combustion of the material that is put into the basket are secured, regardless of the condition of the material when placed in said basket.

The gases and the products of combustion which pass from the combustion chamber 2 first enter a diving flue 30 and then after passing downward in this flue, they pass into a gas consuming chamber 31. This chamber communicates with a stack 32, which is made of sufficient height to secure a suitable draftthrough the auxiliary furnace, the garbage consuming chamber, the

diving flue and the gas consuming chamber.

The opening between the combustion chamber and the diving fine 30 is preferably pro vided with a series of tile or fire brick 33 arranged with spaces between them. The tile 33 being near to the combustion chamber of the crematory are raised to a high heat, and the vapors and gases from the material being consumed in the combustion chamber pass between these tile and the gaseous current is broken up and raised to a great heat. The currents of gasespassing between these'tile impinge upon the wall of the diving flue opposite said chamber. They are deflected by said wall and passed down ward through. the diving flue. A series of water pipes or tubes 34 are preferably arranged transversely in the diving flue 30, (see Fig. 1). These tubes are connected to the upper and lower portions of the water space surrounding the combustion chamber so that there is at all times a circulation of sea-sea ing between them raises the water in the I part of the combustion chamber from the tubes to a higher temperature and assists in the generation of steam within the space in closed by the outer-and inner shells forming 3 the combustion chamber. The steam thus generated may be 'used torlany-desired purose'.

At the bottom of the -'diving flue '30 an open water tank 35 is preferably located. A large portion of the solid 4 or unconsumed material from the combustion :chamber is collected in this "tank. A large percentage of the material collected in this tankiscombustible and after -being dried :it may be burned.

The gas consuming chamber 31 is provided with the upwardly extending wall 36 and with the downwardly extending wall 37. A tortuous passage is thus :formed between the diving flue-and the stack. Agrate 38 is preferably arranged above the :passage through the gas consuming chamber and a coal or other suitable fire is made on this grate and burned with a down draft, the flames passing downward from this grate and along the gas consuming chamber toward the stack 32. The wall of the chamber above the grate 38 is preferably provided with a door 39-and there is also .preferably an opening 40 through the top of the chamber having a suitable door or cap 41. Below the grate 38 is 'a suitableash pit 42 with a door 43 iinthe wall :ofithe chamber, opposite said ash pit,-and the foot of the wall 36 is a dust and cinders-collecting chamber or pit 44, opposite which is a door 45. Upon the other side of the wall36 isa water tank 46, opposite which is a door 47; at the lower end ofthe'wall 37 is a steam or water pipe 48 having a perforated wall through which -a sheet of water or steam passes downward to the-surface of the waterin the tank 46.

The gases and vapors pass from'the bottom of the diving flue throughthe fire'from the fuel on the grate 38. Solid particles such as cinders anddust carried by the cur rent of gases impinge upon the wall 36 and fall backward and downward into'the chamber 44. The unconsumedgases pass upward over the wall 36, being subjected to the flames from the fire on the grate 38. After passing over the wall 36 the gases take a downward course and impinge upon the surface of the water'in the'tank46, and any of them that remain unconsumed pass into the sheet of water orsteam above said tank 46 and are thrown downward into said tank. By this means any remaining solid material, such as dust or cinders is collected in the "tank 46.

With this apparatus garbage or other Tefuse material in a wet or damp condition 7 placed in the basket will be evaporated and ,5 consumed by the flames entering the lower auxiliary furnace. 'Any unconsumed matcrial thatialls upon the grate 16 will be subjected to the flames from the auxiliary furnace and will he consumed. A ny liquid that drains out of the garbage will collect in the -pan 17 andwill be evaporated. 'The gases and unconsumed productsot combustion during their travel from the combustion chamber *to the stack will be thoroughly consumed and "the cinders and non-combus-' tible particles will be collected rin=one=ot the tanks or in the pits provided in the gas-consuming=chamber. All of the gases will be consumed and all of the noxious odors will 30 be destroyed, either in the diving flue or in the consuming chamber, so that neither smoke nor noxious gases will -escap'e from the stack, and a crematoryof this 'kind'may' be located in any position without interferg5 ing with the health or comfort :of persons living 'near.

When the basket contains a quantity of garbage-and there is no'fire on the-gratcbcneath -or in the auxiliary furnace, the :gases 90' arising "from the material in the basket will pass into the 'gas consuming chamber :and there be consumed so that even if there should be no fire in the'main portionof'the crematory thenoxious vapors arising from $5 the garbagethat may be stored in .the hasket will nevertheless be destroyed before reaching fthe stack.

WVhen, there is a fire on the grate beneath the basket or in the auxiliary turnace the flames I assing up 'between the basket and the we s of the combustion =chamber will heat the brick in the construction shown in Figs. 4 and '5, or the metal walls illustrated in Fig. 1,=and the heat radiating from these walls across'the said space-and entering the basketwill aid in-dr-yingthe unateri-altherein. In-the construction illustrated in "1, the water contained in =the chamber around the combustion "chamberywill be heated by the flames :passing upthroughrthe space between said chamber -andthe basket, and steam for commercial purposes "may be generated. It will also be seen that the flames from the auxiliary furnace entering the lower-part of the combustion chamber below the -garbage holding basket will pass upward in the space or flue between said basket andthe inner wall of the combustion the basket would remain damp and would not be in condition for burning. With the auxiliary furnace located near the combustion chamber there is a constant and uninterrupted flame passing into the combustion chamber and up and around the garbage held in the basket. With this combination, even if the water from the garbage does fall down ontothe fire on the grate and conpletely extinguish the same, the flames from the auxiliary furnace will soon dry the fuel on the fire grate and will start up this fire again, and cause it to consume the dry garbage that will fall through the discharge opening in the basket onto the fire grate.

If preferred a rectangular combustion chamber having its walls formed of fire brick 50 as shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, may be employed. In this instance suitable head ers 51 will be arranged at the top and bottom of the basket and to these headers the tubes 14 will be connected. A suitable steam and water chamber 52 may be located above the combustion chamber and this chamber may be connected to the headers 51 by pipes 53. As here shown the auxiliary furnace 23 is omitted and a grate 55 adapted to have a coal or other suitable fire built thereon may be arranged below the basket (see Figs. 4, 5 and 6). If preferred, however, the auxiliary furnace may be used located in front of the combustion chamber and connected to it in the same manner as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing. The diving flue, the gas consuming chamber and the stack will all be arranged substantially in the same manner as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings and already described. The diving flue and gas consuming chamber may both be omitted if preferred, in which case the stack 32 may be arranged directly above the combustion chamber as shown in Fig. 7.

To the steam chamber 52 a steam pipe 56 may be connected to conduct steam generated therein to any part it may be desired to use the same. The chute or hopper 12 may be provided with the weighted doors or valves 57 (see Fig. 5).

It will be seen that with the centrally arranged basket the wet garbage or refuse material will be suspended in the center of the combustion chamber and the flames from the auxiliary furnaceand from the lower grate will pass up and around this mass of garbage, causing the moisture to evaporate therefrom and the solid material will be dried and burned. The dry and partially consumed material will fall down through the central opening in the basket, and the flames will alsoeat their way up through this opening. With theauxiliary furnace located outsideof the combustion chamber the fire in this furnace can not be put out by water from the garbage, as might happen ceases if the fire on the lower grate 16 were alone employed.

, I claim as my invention:

1. In a garbage crematory having a combustion chamber, the combination, with a fire grate, of a garbage basket arranged in the combustion chamber over said grate and composed of upright members having their lower portions extended inwardly to form the bottom of. the basket, said members and their inwardly extending portions being spaced apart for the passage of flames from the fire grate, and the inwardly extending portions at their inner ends being so disposed in relation to each other as to form a discharge opening in the bottom of the basket. I

2. In a garbage crematory, the combination, with a combustionchamber, of a garbage holding basket arranged in said chamber and formed of water tubes s aced apart and having substantially vertica portions constituting side walls of the basket and spaced from the walls of said chamber and inwardly extending portions forming the bottom of the basket, said inwardlyextending portions at their, inner ends being so disposed in relation to each other as to form a discharge opening in the bottom of the basket, the space between the side walls of the basket and the wall'of the chamber forming a fine through which a ortion of the products of combustion circu atewhen said basket is filled, and a fire grate located below said dischar e opening and upon which the material is discharged from said basket.

3. In a garbage crematory, the combination, with a combustion chamber, of a garbage-holding basket arranged in said chamber and composed of oppositely arrangedcirculating tubes spaced apart andhaving inwardly extending portions, the inwardly extending portions of the tubes on one side of said chamber being spaced from the corresponding portions on the opposite side of said chamber to form a discharge opening in the bottom of said basket, and said inwardly extending portions being downwardly inclined to direct the material in said basket toward said discharge opening, and a fire grate located below said discharge opening and upon which the material is discharged from said basket.

4. In a garbage crematory having a combustion chamber the combination, with a fire grate, of a garbage basket arranged in said chamber over said grate and composed of circulating tubes having inwardly ex tending portions to form the bottom of the basket, said tubes bein spaced from one another and the inward y extending portions of the op osite tubes at: their inner ends being so disposed in relation to each other to form a discharge opening in the bottom bage holding basket arranged in said cham-' ber and composed of circulating tubes spaced apart and having substantially upright portions spaced from the walls of said chamber to form a circulating flue, and said basket having inwardly and downwardly inclined lower portions, the lower portions of said basket on one side of said chamber,

being spaced from the corresponding portions on the opposite side of said chamber to form a discharge passage, said basket being adapted to contain a quantity of garbage, and the downwardly inclined lower portion of said basket directingthe material'therein to said discharge opening, the material in said basket compelllng a portion of the products of combustion to circulate through said fine and aid in drying the garbage, and a tire grate located below said basket and upon which the material is discharged through said passage.

6. The combination, in a garbage crematory, with a combustion chamber, of a garbage holder in said combustion chamber having substantially vertical sides spaced from the walls of said chamber and composed of members spaced from one another, whereby a flue is formed'around said garbage holder, and an inwardly extending bottom provided with a discharge opening, said holder being adapted to contain a' quantity. of garbage, and a fire grate located below said holder and upon which the material is disdrharged through said discharge opening.

7. In a garbage crematory, the combination, with a combustion chamber, of a garbage holding basket formed of water tubes spaced apart and having vertical portions constituting side wallsand inwardly in clined portions forming an inwardly inclined bottom, said inclined portions being so disposed as to form a discharge opening in the bottom of the basket. I

8. In a garbage crematory, the combinaher and formed of a series-of water circulating tubes spaced apart and having inwardly extending lower portions forming the bottom of the basket, said inwardly extending portions at their inner ends being so disposed in' relation to each other asto form a dischar ei opening in the bottom of the basket, a re grate arranged below said basket and adapted to receive the dried garbage discharged from said basket throughisaid discharge opening, and an auxiliary furnace having a flue opening communicating with said combustion chamber below said basket,

substantially as described.

10. In a garbage crematory, the combination, with a combustion chamber, of a garbage holding basket arranged in said chamber and formed of water tubes spaced apart and having substantially vertical portions constituting the side walls of the basket and spaced from the walls of said chamber, and inwardly extending portions forming the bottom of the basket, said inwardly extending portions at their inner ends being so dis posed in relation to each other as to form a discharge opening in the bottom of the basket, the-space between the side walls of the basket and the walls of the chamber,

the products of combustion circulate when said basket is filled, a fire grate located below said discharge opening and upon which the material is discharged from said basket, and

an auxiliary furnace contiguous to said combustion chamber and having a line opening communicating with said chamber below said basket, to cause the flames from said auxiliary furnace to pass up around and through said basket, substantially as described.

11. The combination, in a garbage crematory, with a combustion chamber, of an open.

walled storage basket arranged within said chamber and adapted to contain a quantity of garbage, a fire grate located below said basket, adapted to receive for consumption dried garbage discharged from the basket, and an auxiliary furnace located near said combustion chamber and communicating with said chamber below said basket and above said fire grate, said basket being so arranged whereby the flames from said furnace will pass up through and around the material in said basket to dry and consume chamber leading to said first named flue, said basket being so arranged whereby the flames from said auxiliary furnace will be compelled to pass through said basket and dry the material therein before reaching said first named flue.

13. The combination, in a garbage crematory, with a combustion chamber, of an open walled storage basket supported within said chamber and ada ted to contain a quantity of garbage, a flue eading from said combustion chamber above said basket, a. fire grate located below said basket, and adapted to receive for consumption dried garbage discharged from the basket, an auxiliary furnace arranged contiguous to said combustion chamber and provided with a plurality of grates located one above the other and having a flue opening leading to said combustion chamber below said basket and above said fire grate, whereby the flames from said grates will be directed beneath and around said basket to dry the material therein.

14. The combination, in a garbage crematory, with a combustion chamber, of a centrally disposed open walled basket arranged therein, an outlet flue connected to said combustion chamber above said basket, an auxiliary furnace arranged adjacent to said combustion chamber, with a flue opening connecting said auxiliary furnace with said combustion chamber below said basket, and two grates arranged in said auxiliar furnace one above and the other below said flue opening, substantially as described.

15. Thecombination, in a garbage crematory, with a combustion chamber, of an open walled basket located therein and spaced from the walls thereof, an outlet flue con-.

nected to said combustion chamber above said basket, a grate located below said has ket, an auxiliary furnace arranged adjacent to said combustion chamber, with a fine opening connecting said auxiliary furnace with said combustion chamber and discharging thereinto below'said basket and above said grate, substantially as described.

16. The combination in a garbage crematory with a combustion chamber, of an open walled garbage holder supported therein and spaced from the walls of the chamber, an auxiliary furnace located near said combustion chamber and having a flue opening leading into said chamber below said holder, and a flue connected with said combustion chamber above said holder, the flames from said auxiliary furnace being compelled to pass up and around and through said holder and the material therein before reaching said last named flue.

17. The combination in a garbage crematory with a combustion chamber, of a garbage holder supported therein, and having vertical sides spaced from the walls of said chamber and an inwardly extending bottom ceases having a feed openin the sides and bottom of the holder being ormed with flame passages, an exit flue communicating with said combustion chamber above said holder, an auxiliary furnace contiguous to said combus tion chamber and having a flue opening communicating with said chamber below said holder, to cause the flames from said auxiliary furnace to pass up around and through said holder and the material therein before reaching said exit flue.

l8-.-The combination, in a garbage crematory, with a combustion chamber, and an open walled garbage holder suspended therein and adapted to contain a quantity of garbage, said garbage holder being spaced from the walls of the combustion chamber to form passages for the flame from the auxiliary furnace, of an auxiliary furnace having a flue opening communicating with said chamber below said holder, a gas consuming chamber, a fine leading from said combustion chamber above said holder and connected with said gas consuming chamber whereby the gases from the garbage in said holder will be consumed independently of said auxiliary furnace, substantially as described. 7

19. The combination, in a garbage crematory, with a combustion chamber, of a storage basket suspended therein and adapted to contain a quantity of garbage and substantially circhlar in form and composed of water circulating pipes spaced apart. the bottom of said basket being formed of inwardly turned portions ofv said pipes, the inwardly turned portions of adjoining pipes being of different length and there being a central feed opening formed between the inwardly turned portions of said pipes for the discharge of dried garbage, and a the grate located beneath said basket and whereon the material is discharged through said central feed opening.

20. in a garbage crematory, the combination, with a combustion chamber, of an open walled garbage holding basket arranged within said chamber and provided with a discharge opening in its bottom, said basket. being spaced from the walls of said chamber, whereby a flue opening is provided around said basket, a fire grate located below said basket and adapted to receive dried garbage discharged from said basket through said discharge opening. an auxiliary furnace contiguous to said combustion chamber and having a flue opening and connecting with said chamber below said basket, substantially as described.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 27th day of December, 1905.

FELIX L. DEGARIE. Witnesses C. PAUL, E. Scorn

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