US953160A - Machine for calculating fractions. - Google Patents

Description

VERMEHREN. MACHINE FOR CALCULATING FRACTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 16, 1909.

Patented Mar. 29," 1910 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

f WU gm 1 5 WM... my i ii vm fl m n. .J m .m. m. m mu m l m WU Patented Mar. 29, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET z.

'5 law wake/727245 mariachi statics JOEANNES VERMEHBEN, OF HELLERUP, DENMARK.

ZKAQHINE'FGEI GA'LCULAF-IENG FESiQZEIGNS;

To all whomit ymwytoncern;

Be it; known that: I, Jon nnivssi Vnm nmm nq, director, a suhj ect= ofillcnn ark, ,i osiding, at; New 9, Johannevcj, ,Hellerup, Den:- mark, have invents-ti certain ncav, andyuse 'ful Improvements in Machines for: Calculating Fractionsoi which the following" is a SPSCJ? fication.

(Jalcu-lating machines; are already known 10 which. consist of one counting mechanism and onc actuating-(lcvice, and in which-the counting mechanism and, the actuating-die vice can be mQVXl iILTlz1tiOH to eachothcr, the counting mechanism being stationary in 15501110 of these machines and the actuating device stationary in others, thchothel part :of the machine-hang moved. Moreover,

calculatingmachineswith two counting mechanisms and one actuating device are known, inwhich the actuating device engages with the one counting mechanism and this in turn with the otheizcoiuiting mechanism.- YVith the machines mentioned, problems in addition and subtraction, multipli'cation and division, can he Worked out in whole numbers; with tho-latter mentioned machines it possible, by means of the other counting mechanism, topreservc the prom}. ucts or sinnobtained-bythx-i first. countingmechanism None Of! the" machines men tioned, however, can simultaneously \VOIZlC' out a sum in multiplication anddivision, or in other Wonds, can perform the calculation ill a I e 1nthe British PatcntNo. 2172-of-19G4; a machine for calculating fractions is described, the characteristic feature-of which 40 is that one actuating device engages simul: tancously with two counting mechanisms. In thatonachinc the. actuating; device which, describcilgin the specification, may be a cone (or be otherwise arranged), is,station- 4c ,ary, while the two counting ancchanisms are moved along the cone, whereby their extreme right-hand Wheels,- Which are in engagemenb witlrliolcs arrangeddn circles on the cone, run in contactrwith different cone-circumfer- 50,ences., Accordingly, on the cone being ro-, ,tatecl-on its axis, the-countin ymechanisms rotate at difi'rent rates and t heicby effect the fractional calculatiom If-"one' counting mechanism be adjusted to; aucone-diameten Z), 516 ,the other to a cone-diameter c, and thevcone- Specifieetiun of Letters Eatent; Pagign bgfi Mfg-m 29 191%; Application filed n1 '1e, 190e..

serial in. 508,055.,

be rotated until the: last mentionedecountinga mechanism indicates a, the other, 'W-lii'li'ldIzcate and thus the machine will 1 have simultaneev on" cfifectecl; a mult plication. and; a alt-- vision. is, however,,the counting in isms are only actuated through 1 ,reme 55v right haml Wheels, they cannot .lvantagcously employctli foi caltaiilatings with; an'iounls having-more thanfour f; of figures, as iiliapfOllWlllQlbOf numbeas with more figures would. involve, the exnei'uiiture 7coi-too much time in rotating the cone Luke'- wisc-band 0 must be mnnhcrs (two. places at; the utmosti), asthe. limit of; the precise. vadjustment ofithecounting misc-ham ism is very quickly. I'QQCl'lQda.

The present lIL-YQHtlOBzz relates 10 a, ma chine foccalculating fractions, ails; minot' only to give! inlarge numbcrof n the, products, but also-to .cna-blefractions to be; calculated, both theinumerators and denomi nators ofs which have several figures; In order thatthevmachinc may be able thus to.- gi-ve a product withamincreased.numbci'iof: places, the emulating. device" (which, foxes;- amplc,1nay.consist-of fi'VC Pfll'bS on; each side) 85, must be able to engage simultaneously amenresponding series of number-wheels belong? ingI to the counting mechanism, and sfui'therr must-bemovable along thesame,-.unless it be preferredvto move the counting mechanisms While the actuating dcvice remains station ary. This latter arrangement; is, howevcr,.

not. generally to be reconnnendcdi, because--,

the counting,mechanisms are fal larger than the actuating clevicei One formof theinvention is illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, wherein? Figure l is. a. -p,lan of themachine with portion ofthe cover removed; Eig. 2 -,is an end view. with a portion, of the endplate removed; while Rigs 3 .an'd vl are diagrammatic representations in elevation ZIDClJiH- plan. respectively, of a further fonmi-o-fiheiirvention.

In the-exampleiliustratethih'e actuating; deviceis in the fOlDlmOffl ,circularuliska pno videcl \v'itlnproj ectingpins b'which 'are'arrangcd in'niIie-conccntric circles whose radii: areinlheratio'1:213: 9. Each disk drives two small Wheels 0 splincd on; in: 119

'cxchange of 23.73

ependent horizontal shafts d. The wheels l the second number-wheel of the counting c, c are longitudinally movable on the shafts by means of the levers 0, but are .not rotat-ble independently of the shafts and thus can be put in engagement with any desired circle of pins (1 or (if the lever be adjusted to zero) can be moved entirely out of gear with tht disks. The shafts d each carry at'one end a halt-coupling which engages, by means of a projection g, in a corresponding groove /1 formed in the other half 1' of the coupling, which latter is fast on a shaft j'carrying a conical pinion A whereby it is connected with a number-wheel Z in one of the counting mechanisms.

it now, for example, one of-the lower shown in Fig. t, be ad usted to 7,

levers c and the disk a is rotated once, the corresponding wheel I: will make seven revolutions, because it is momentarily in enmechanisms, reckoning from the left, and a start is made with the turning of the handle gagement with a circle of pins which has seven times as many pins as the wheel has teeth. Accordingly the wheel /.1 will rotate seven times and the number-wheel will move forward (or backward) to the extent. of T figures (from U to 7). lf at the same time the other wheel 0 driven by the same disk a is put (by means of the other lever a) at. 3 .lor erainple, then the number-wheel situated opposite the number-wheel first mentioncd and belonginglo the other counting nit-.charism will be moved forward simultaneously to the extent ol? three lignrcs (from t) to 3), that is to say a fractional cal" culation has been ctl'ected, multiplication having been elt'ected with 3/7 (Tb/7:3) and the upper counting mechanism in Fig. l of the drawing, shows 3/? of thd number shown in the other counting mechanism.

As one revolution of the disks u always rotates the wheels 0 a whole number of revolutions becausc one revolution of the crank p correspoi ds to'(), 1, 2 9 revolutions of the who .ls 0 according to the momentary position of the lever e), if the couplings are simply placed at starting with the parts g horizontal, they will always be in the same position alter every revolution of the crank,

'and with the couplings in this position the actuating device can be moved along the colmting-mcchanisius without hindrance.

The counting mechanisms are provided with trai'ist'errin'g or carrying mechanism of any suitable kind as indicated at m.

The whole action of the machine will be most readily understood from an example. Suppose that 53837.44: marks, at the rate of are to be converted into francs atthe exchange rate of 19,21. 02373 is adjusted in one half of the actuating device (for example, that shown above in Fig. 1), and 01921 in the other (below). By turning a handle 11. connected with the screws 0, the actuating device is shifted toward the left until its left-hand disk comes opposite p of the actuating device. After one revolution of the disk a, 192i (or 19210) will be read otl the lower counting mechanism, and 237 (or 23730) off the upper one tthat is to say 1921 marks z378 francs, or 19210 marks 'iiililfitl francs). After two rcvolll tions 38420 and 47460 are read oll'. As at present. we are only considering the lower counting mechanism. it will be seen that if it were once more rotated it would pass the number 53837.44, as it. would indicate 57630. Accordingly, the zu'tuating-device is shifted to the right to the distance of a single nunrher-wheel, and the rotation is proceeded with. The left-hand nuufiber-whccl (that is to say of those hitherto used) will then become stationary. until a ten lhas been completed, which in the exampleselected occurs twice. and after 8 further revolutions the lower counting mechanism will indicate It now a shitting were cll'ected to the extent o1" only one distance, then, after one .t'urlher revolution, the counting mechanism would indicate further revolutions. the counting mechanism shows after a further shifting and 7 revolutions 7 b37.t97=" F o 31 038% 02)+ further shifting to the extent; of one distance apart is effected; 3 revolutions are made; and

is read olt'. Finally after two shittings and each time (S revolutions (i -..921 s- 1000000 10000000 is read off. At the same time the upper counting mechanism will indicate (30505072051 8 2373280257300) that. is to francs.

say 53937.44 marks soonest)? In order to itiuzilitatc comprehension, it i is assumed that. in making this calculation, 5 the cranks oi. the disks have always been i turned in the same direction forward. In I practice. however, the calculation will be; easily made after a little experience with far fewer revolutions, by using a conibinat {ion of t'orward and backward rotations; as I for example 81/: Mari La. That is to say int stead of rotating 8 Holes forward with the actuating device constantly in a determined i position, the device is shifted to the left to l thc extent o1 one distance and one revolution forward is effected, and then to the right i to the extent of one distance and two revol lutions bacl-uvard are effected. (Jr in. other[ words, before shifting to the right, one more i turn forward is effected as mentioned above, and alter the shifting, a corresponding nuni- 1 her ot" revolutions is cl'l'cctcd backward. If i the same calculation were carried out by: means oi an ordii'iary calculating machine, 3 it would be necessary to effect the multiplit cation with 21-573 and the division with 1921 i separately, and after the calculation had been made it would not be possible to prove its accuracy, as the intermediate calculations 1 would have been obliterated. machine, on the contrary, all the numbers t $3837.44, 1921, 2373 and (56505.0? are visil ble, so that before thelinal product is wrltl ten down it possible to see whether the correct: numbers have been used, which is a g further advantage of the machine. If the ci'ank he turned in the opposite direction t the machine will ctl'ect a division with the i same fraction.

The invention can be extended by the use of one or two actuating devices which would i be intcr 'iosed between the principal actuat- Z lug-device and the one or two counting't mechanisms, and which would be adjusted j in the present in the same manner as the rincipal actuatmg device whereby it would be possible to calculate with expressions of the formula I). bd

v which would be of great advantage in calculating interest.

A'serviceable device for the latter kind of calculation is shown in Figs. and 4:. From thedisk a of the principal actuatingdevicc of Whose nine circles of pins 6 only five are partially shown) not the countingn'iechanisins themselves, out (through the medium of conical Wheels g) othe" driving disks 1', similar to the disks a, a1- driven by means of the displaceable wheels 0 on the shafts (Z. Across these disks 1" move displaceahle wheels 8, of the same kind as the wheels 0 and adjustable in the same Way. These whcelss slide on the shafts j, which by means of the conical Wheels Z: drive the counting mechanisms as above described.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what l'claim A machine for calculating fractions comprising two counting mechanisms a double actuating device slidable along the counting mechanisms, means for adjusting separately both halves of the-actuating device, means for driving simultaneously both halves of the actuating device, and means for transmitting the movements of said halves to the respective counting mechanisms. I In testimony whereof I have a'tlixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHANNES \TERMEHREN. \V i tn csses MARCUS MoLLnn, llnivsnn TROST.

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